• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 1996

This survey was carried out to investigate the usage of traditional fermented foods. Questionaries were answered by 283 female adults ranging from 20 to 60 ages in Daegu city and Kyungbuk province. 39.72% of total subjects answered that they made Meju and soybean paste by themselves. There were significant differences according to income, residential area, deucation level, and family size, In the results of the preference and consumption study on traditional soybean pastes, Kimchi and salted sea foods, preference of salted sea foods was the highest, whereas the consumption of salted sea foods was the lowest. The recognition of soybean pastes and traditional foods was remarkably low. However the consumption frequency of traditional fermented foods and the recognition of soybean pastes and traditional foods were significantly increased with age.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.536-553
• /
• 2011

최근 산업도시 성장 이후 탈산업화 시대에 전개되는 새로운 도시화에 대한 논의가 포스트모던 도시, 소비도시 등으로 다양하게 전개된다. 도시화의 단계적 접근에서는 인구 변화와 이동에 기초하여 거대도시는 도시화의 후기 단계인 재도시화를 경험하고 있으며, 이러한 도시화 단계는 시차를 두고 점진적으로 하위 규모 도시에서 나타날 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 산업 재구조화는 인구 규모만으로는 포착되지 않는 새로운 도시화 특성을 유발할 것으로, 본 연구는 한국 대도시의 도시화 특성을 이동, 통근 인구 그리고 이들의 지리적, 사회적 특성에 기초하여 검토하였다. 대도시별 도시화 경험은 다르게 나타나는데, 서울은 단계적 도시화 과정을 거치지만, 다른 대도시들은 산업도시와 탈산업도시로의 전이에서 다양한 모습을 드러낸다. 특히, 지방 대도시의 경우 산업 기반의 교외화가 이루어졌으나 중심 도시의 편리한 주거, 생활 환경으로 중심 도시에 거주하며 주변으로 역통근하는 인구가 늘고 중장년층의 경제활동 가구가 대도시로 유입되며 주거 기능이 새로운 도시의 역할로 확대되는데, 이는 한국 대도시의 새로운 도시화 특성이라 하겠다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2013

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the energy consumption differences between tall and low-rise buildings. Energy usage data from 706 office buildings in New York illustrates expected correlations from the framework. Notable correlations include: taller buildings tend to use more energy until a plateau at 30~39 floors; tall buildings in Manhattan use 20% more energy than low-rise buildings in Manhattan, while tall buildings outside Manhattan use 4% more energy than low-rise buildings outside Manhattan. Additional correlations are discussed, among which is the trend that the Energy Star program in New York City assigns higher ratings to tall buildings with higher EUIs than low-rise buildings with the same EUI. Since Energy Star is based on regressions of existing buildings, the Energy Star ratings suggest taller buildings have higher EUIs than shorter buildings, which is confirmed by the New York City energy benchmarking data.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.723-727
• /
• 2015

Building energy use estimation relies on building characteristics, its energy systems, occupants, and weather. Energy estimation of new buildings is considerably an easy task when compared to modeling existing buildings as they require calibration with actual data. Particularly, when energy estimation of existing building stock is warranted at a city-scale, the problem is exacerbated owing to lack of construction drawings and other engineering specifications. However, as collection of buildings and other infrastructure constitute cities, such predictions are a necessary component of developing and maintaining sustainable cities. This paper uses Artificial Neural Network techniques to predict electricity consumption for residential buildings situated in the City of Gainesville, Florida. With the use of 32,813 samples of data vectors that comprise of building floor area, built year, number of stories, and range of monthly energy consumption, this paper extends the prediction to environmental impact assessment of electricity usage at the urban-scale. Among others, one of the applications of the proposed model discussed in this paper is the study of urban scale Life Cycle Assessment, and other decisions related to creating sustainable cities.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2003

Determinants of consumption patterns of elderly couple and elderly single were investigated using the 1996 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure by National Statistical Office. There were large differences in consumption patterns between the elderly couple and single in terms of monthly expenditures and average budget shares of individual consumption items. Consumption functions of individual items were estimated using double-log function. Major determinants of consumption functions were income, overspending behavior, educational level of householder, and net worth for both groups, householder's job status and city residence mainly for elderly couple, and age of householder mainly for elderly single. In addition, income elasticity of elderly households was larger than net worth elasticity for all consumption items.

• 융합경영연구
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study is to analyze the changes of consumption patterns to diagnose the economic impacts on consumers' market during COVID-19, and to suggest implications to overcome the new social and economic crisis of Jeju Island. Research design, data, and methodology: We collected a set of credit card transaction records issued by BC Card Company from merchants in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province for past 4 years from 2017 to 2020 from the Jeju Data Hub run by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. The big data contains details of approved credit card transactions including the approval numbers, amount, locations and types of merchants, time and age of users, etc. The researchers summed up amount in monthly basis, transforming big data to small data to analyze the changes of consumption before and after COVID-19. Results: Sales fell sharply in transportation industries including airlines, and overall consumption by age group decreased while the decrease in consumption among the seniors was relatively small. The sales of Yeon-dong and Yongdam-dong in Jeju City also fell significantly compared to other regions. As a result of the paired t-test of all 73 samples in Jeju City, the p-value of the mean consumption of the credit card in 2019 and 2020 is significant, statistically proven that the total consumption amount in the two years is different. Conclusions: We found there are sensitive spots that can be strategically approached based on the changes in consumption patterns by industry, region, and age although most of companies and small businesses have been hit by COVID-19. It is necessary for local companies and for the government to be focusing their support on upgrading services, in order to prevent declining sales and job instability for their employees, creating strategies to retain jobs and prevent customer churn in the face of the crisis. As Jeju Province is highly dependent on the tertiary industry, including tourism, it is suggested to create various strategies to overcome the crisis of the pandemic by constantly monitoring the sales trends of local companies.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2013

As the existing school building power consumption is expressed by total power consumption, in the view of energy saving is disadvantage. The the power consumption of school building is divided as cooling, heating, lighting and others. The cooling power consumption, heating power consumption, lighting power consumption can be calculated using real total power consumption that gained from Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO). The power consumption for cooling and heating can be calculated using heat transmittance, wall area and floor area, and for lighting is calculated by artificial lighting calculation. but this calculation methods is difficult for laymen. This study was carried out in order to establish the regression equation for cooling power consumption, heating power consumption, lighting power consumption and other power consumption in school building. In order to verify the validity of the regression equation, it is compared regression equation results and calculation results based on real power consumption. As the results, difference between regression result and calculation results for cooling and heating power consumption showed 0.6% and 3.6%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권7호
• /
• pp.1471-1480
• /
• 2020

This research presents a case study on the remediation of a radioactive waste (uranium: U) utilizing a multi-objective fuzzy optimization in an electrocoagulation process for the iron-stainless steel and aluminum-stainless steel anode/cathode systems. The incorporation of the cumulative uncertainty of result, operational cost and energy consumption are essential key elements in determining the feasibility of the developed model equations in satisfying specific maximum contaminant level (MCL) required by stringent environmental regulations worldwide. Pareto-optimal solutions showed that the iron system (0 ㎍/L U: 492 USD/g-U) outperformed the aluminum system (96 ㎍/L U: 747 USD/g-U) in terms of the retained uranium concentration and energy consumption. Thus, the iron system was further carried out in a multi-objective analysis due to its feasibility in satisfying various uranium standard regulatory limits. Based on the 30 ㎍/L MCL, the decision-making process via fuzzy logic showed an overall satisfaction of 6.1% at a treatment time and current density of 101.6 min and 59.9 mA/㎠, respectively. The fuzzy optimal solution reveals the following: uranium concentration - 5 ㎍/L, cumulative uncertainty - 25 ㎍/L, energy consumption - 461.7 kWh/g-U and operational cost based on electricity cost in the United States - 60.0 USD/g-U, South Korea - 55.4 USD/g-U and Finland - 78.5 USD/g-U.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제94권3호통권160호
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2005

본 논문의 목적은 1929년 일제시대 경성부에서 소비된 임산연료의 구성별 특성과 유통경로를 밝히는 것이다. 그 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 1929년 경성부에서 소비된 1호 평균 임산연료의 중량은 경기도의 일반 군에 비해 약 1/3 수준에 불과했으나 열량이 높은 장작과 숯의 소비량은 상대적으로 매우 높았다. 둘째, 임산연료의 최대 공급지는 한강 수운을 이용할 수 있는 강원도와 경기도의 한강변(42.6%)이었고, 그 다음으로 철도를 이용한 경기도 북부와 기타 지역(29.5%), 도로를 이용한 경성부 인근 지역(27.9%)의 순이었다. 셋째, 한강을 이용한 임산연료의 운송지역은 뚝섬(43.0%)과 구용산 마포(45.6%)로 이원화되어 있었고, 철도에 의한 운송은 경성역이 전체의 72.2%라는 압도적인 위치를 차지하고 있었다. 넷째, 경성부의 소비지에 도착한 임산연료의 대부분은 상설시장이 아닌 임시로 형성된 땔감 시장에서 거래되었다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.253-262
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of golf participants' major hitting factors on their consumption behavior characteristics and golf consumption behavior. To achieve this objective, the study subjects were set as the population aged 20 years or older who use golf courses and driving ranges in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do, and then 158 males and 172 females using cluster random sampling. A total of 300 persons were selected as the study subjects. The survey tool was the questionnaire method, and among the tools that had already been used to verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in domestic and foreign previous studies, it was reused or modified or supplemented according to the variables of this study. The collected data were winter-processed according to the purpose of analysis using the SPSS statistical program as follows. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, it was found that the major players participating in golf had partial differences in the characteristics of golf consumption behavior. Second, it was found that the major hitters participating in golf had a partial difference in their golf consumption behavior. Third, it was found that the golf consumption behavior characteristics of golf participants partially affected the golf consumption behavior.