• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.183-199
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• 2012

Since the Framework Act on Healthy Families came into effect in 2005, family policy has become a primary field of social policy, and 'family' has emerged as an important keyword for solving Korean society's various phenomena and problems. In order to seek practical plans for reforming social policy through family policy, this thesis has analyzed the transitional characteristics of Korean families in relation to where Korean families currently stand and the situation they are facing. This thesis has also reviewed the content of family policy in the master plan of healthy families, the starting point of the actual family policy, and other related policies. It also has analyzed the key content of child care support policy. From these various analyses and discussions, this thesis has emphasized "family care" as the keyword of family policy, family effect analysis as the means of reinforcing family perspective, and family integrity for policy effectiveness.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper presents how Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) operate in different tax jurisdiction could decide on its transfer pricing strategy as the optimal solution to increase their global after tax income through transfer pricing and solve their related transfer pricing issues related to distribution cost, consumer, and wholesale vendor. It has been strategy issues for an MNEs to locate its tax basis of wholesale vendor and buyer in a jurisdiction where effective rather low Research design, data, and methodology - The collection of information and data for this research project gathered from various sources of secondary data. The findings of these relevant research topic article and journal were the main source of references for this research project Results - The achievement of management's operational and financial objectives depends on transfer pricing policies availability that is consistent and supports both vendor, wholesaler, distributor and ensuring sufficient documentation and data is available to support the application and arriving at the arm length. Conclusions - The study concluded with an emphasis on the importance of web-designed information about international taxation rules and transfer pricing policy and pricing agreement among wholesale vendor and whole buyer around the world.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate customer perception of food safety and food safety orientation behavior. A survey was conducted from 458 adults aged 20 and over. The results of this study showed as follows. Food safety was the most important consideration when purchasing food, followed by freshness, taste, nutrition, price, and quantity. 87.1% of respondents had more than usual concern about food safety, and women were more aware of food safety than men. The food safety information was usually acquired from the mass media (TV, radio, Internet). As for the reasons for food safety accidents, they pointed out in the order of lack of awareness of food safety, deficient sense of responsibility of the people who produce, lack of distribute and sell food products, and lack of legal system. In conclusion, it is expected that accurate information about food safety is efficiently communicated, and the government's continuous effort is needed. In addition, effective ways to inform customers of food safety should be identified. Long-term views should be considered when develope food safety related policies and food safety education.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Objectives : The rapidly changing consumer-centric and customer-oriented nature of the medical environment results in significant cognitive load. We aimed to clarify the situation of emotional labor and job stress among hospital employees and seek policies and hospital management for employees' emotions. Methods : The study was conducted through a questionnaire about emotional labor and job stress among 554 individuals working in Seoul, in 9 national, public, and private hospitals. Results : The results of the emotional labor and job stress questionnaire showed statistically significant differences in surface behavior and job stress; both had higher values in employees from the private hospitals than employees from public hospitals. Conclusions : This study found that the stress of emotional labor is a serious problem in government medical institutions. In addition, these institutions need to provide internal customer satisfaction through the hospital ombudsman and harmonize work and healing programs by including plans for improvement.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.213-225
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• 2007

This study confirms Busan area medium and small enterprises' position and analyzed present condition and actual conditions of swing Korea measure and consumer's attitude about measure in general circumstance that our country medium and small enterprises is placed in information. According to result that analyze Busan area medium and small enterprises' information level, Busan was expose by whole country average low including the electron commercial transaction rate. When consider weight that Busan economy occupies in gross domestic product, information differential of medium and small enterprises of Busan area is subject that must improve urgently and seriousness point is true that information differential of manufacturing industry is main factor more. Therefore, urgent agenda should be the activation of manufacturing industry information assistance measure and extension of current manufacturing technique information assistance business for Busan economy. Also, at problem solution progress, Busan is thought that must come looking for seat role actively.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.103-116
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• 2009

This study aims to investigate the process of family distress to family crisis in multi-cultural families based on Hill's ABCX model. For this study, the qualitative study with depth interview was conducted with 8 multi-cultural families(e.g. husband, wife, child and elderly parent). The depth interview contents were marriage process, family relation or family interactions, social adaptation process, and social services needs. Results showed the followings: First, multi-cultural families had multiple distressors so that these distressors made multi-cultural families vulnerable to family crisis. Second, Hill's ABCX model explained the process of family distress to family crisis in the multi-cultural families in that they had few resources(both individual resources and family resources) and even worse they had negative cognitions about their own multi-cultural family systems. This situation made them difficult to solve their problems and to cope with their distressors. Third, major distressors in multi-cultural families were founded in this study. These were different cultural gap, communication difficulties, social discrimination to multi-cultural families, and lack of social support networks. Discussion will address suggestions about effective family policies for multi-cultural families in order to make them resilient to family crisis and help to well-adjusted in the korean society.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.449-454
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• 2000

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management. On the basis of an systems ecology perspective, this suggests the sustainable development of Korea\`s natural environment and economic activity using the EMERGY evaluation. The total EMERGY use(7,730E20sej/yr) in Korea is 81 percent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. Continued availability of purchased inputs at a favorable balance of EMERGY trade, currently about 2.85 to 1 net EMERGY, tis the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net EMERGY of purchased inputs including fossil fuels goes down. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.23 and 20.30, respectively. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 2.2 million people, compared to 45.9 million in 1977. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Until now the development of a country has been achieved by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems. the efficiency of energy usage, and the transformation of the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

Various family-friendly policies have been put into place for working mothers, but their paid and household workloads have not decreased. Many women have experienced career interruptions due to care work, so possible solutions to the problem of care work are needed. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of applying the social enterprise model to care work. Definitions, types, and development processes in social enterprise in several nations were discussed for the purpose of this study. Second, problems of care work in Korean households and national support for them are surveyed. Public institutions' contributions in child-care and family elder care and the alternatives for solving problems thereof were discussed. Third, several principles and advantages of applying social enterprise models to care work were suggested. Finally, this study discussed what a healthy family support center can do to reduce the workload of a household through social enterprises. This center can be a testing place that supports care work by various means from small volunteering groups to social enterprise according to profit level.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6D
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• pp.819-828
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• 2011

Due to emergence of large discount mart and on-line shopping, and the resulting shrinkage of market share, traditional market that is typically having operational disadvantages is facing a predicament. However, considering the total sales volume and the consumer traffic, it is true that traditional market still plays an important role. In this context, traditional market should be vitalized through an improved management system as well as restructuring, and seek a balanced growth in the distribution industry. In order to provide competitiveness to the local traditional market of Jeung-Pyung Province and to vitalize the local economy, an analysis was preformed for the local market environment, and the vitalization plans, which can be referenced in determining the local economic policies, are suggested in this paper.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) has been used in combination with methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) for cosmetic products such as shampoo, body lotion, and skin care products. The mixture of CMIT/MIT has been found to cause allergic contact dermatitis and is thus no longer permitted for use as a preservative in leave-on cosmetics. However, MIT itself was approved as a stand-alone preservative at a maximum concentration of 100 ppm as the toxicity was derived from CMIT rather than MIT. However, in many countries, allergic skin irritation caused by MIT remains a social concern. In this study, skin irritation was assessed for the presence of MIT, propylene glycol, and their mixture using a 3D human skin model $EpiDerm^{TM}$. Although non-diluted MIT causes serious skin toxicity, skin irritation was not observed at a concentration of 100 ppm, the maximum permissible level for cosmetics and personal care products according to European regulations. Propylene glycol, the most widely used vehicle for MIT, did not cause skin irritation in the 3D skin model. The results are expected to provide information for regulatory policies and guidelines on the use of biocides in consumer products.