• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.149-169
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• 2006

As e-commerce is expanding rapidly, the consumer's damage in the e-commerce is also dramatically increased. This research was mainly focused on the consumer's damage experiences through the e-commerce, the consumer's behavior's when they were confronted with troubles, and the way to handle their damages in the e-commerce. This research was made with the intention of not only supplying the academic data on the consumer's damage but also understanding the consumer's basic behavior patterns in e-commerce. This research was supported by the surveys conducted to consumers who had previously experienced fashion e-commerce. Total 1230 questionnaires out of returned questionnaires were sampled for the final analysis. Main findings are as follows. 1) More than 90% of respondents answered that they had experienced troubles 2) Most consumers did complain their damages actively and tried to obtain proper cure from the seller.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-61
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• 2005

As e-commerce is expanding rapidly, the consumer's damage in the e-commerce is also dramatically increased. This research was mainly focused on the consumer's damage experiences through the e-commerce, the consumer's behavior's when they were confronted with troubles, and the way to handle their damages in the e-commerce. Main findings are as follows. 1) More than $90\%$ of respondents answered that they had experienced troubles at least once out of 49 troubles listed in the questionnaire. 2) Most consumers did complain their damages actively and tried to obtain proper cure from the seller. 3) Normally, they were used to adjust their purchasing behaviors to avoid the problems rather than actively taking advantage of the official authorities or private consumer organizations to solve the problems.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-139
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• 2009

This study focused on the development of a scale measuring the effect of consumer education. The purposes of this study were to develop a tool which could measure consumer knowledge, consumer attitudes and consumer behavior. Data were collected from 266 college students. Analysis was done using frequency, cross tabulation analysis, reliability test, principle components factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (Amos 5.0), and multiple regression analysis. The results from this study were as follows: 1) Nine consumer knowledge factors (23-items) were identified: consciousness of consumer education and evaluation, consumer rights and allowance management, methods of consumer education and consumer institutions, green energy and environmental consumption, essence and content of consumer education, consumer rights and consumer duty, critical consideration and consumer's damage salvation, buying minds and decision-making, independent consumers. Total variance was 58.4%. Cronbach's alpha for the nine factors ranged from .68-.79. 2) Five consumer attitude factors (26-items) were identified: green environmental consumption, consumer's role and rights, resources saving and consumer's damage salvation, consciousness of consumers, and right consumption. Total variance was 59.2%. Cronbach's alpha for the five factors ranged from .89-.94. 3) Seven consumer behavior factors (27-items) were identified: social role and rights of consumer and consumer movement, right buying and segregated garbage collection, green environmental consumption and resources saving, altruism and decision-making, allowance management and impulse buying, consumer's damage salvation, and consciousness of consumer. The total variance was 59.1%. Cronbach's alpha for the seven factors ranged from .77-.88. Finally, a scale measuring the effect of consumer education consisting of 76 items (consumer knowledge: 23 items (9 factors), consumer attitude: 26 items (5 factors), consumer behavior: 27 items (7 factors)) was constructed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-87
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• 2023

This study recognizes that consumers are becoming important as a subject of commerce as they change from the existing e-commerce market to the consumer-led e-commerce market, and proposes the use of consumer intervention as a remedy for consumer damage in international e-commerce disputes. In Korea, there is no separate regulation on consumer arbitration, so we will analyze the U.S. arbitration judgment, which is the most active in consumer arbitration, and examine it through the U.S. arbitration judgment so that arbitration can become active as a remedy for consumer disputes in Korea. In summary, in the event of a dispute between consumers and companies through e-commerce, consumers' preference for arbitration was confirmed through repeated collection of opinions without coercion. It is necessary to revitalize arbitration in Korea to protect consumers through arbitration rather than litigation and to resolve disputes through active alternative dispute resolution as a solution to disputes in e-commerce, which is rapidly increasing through U.S. consumer arbitration cases. The topic of the activation of arbitration has been mentioned a lot before, but the preference for arbitration is still lower than that of litigation. However, from now on, as the appearance of existing commerce has changed to consumer-led e-commerce, it has proposed a plan to use arbitration to rescue consumers from damage as consumers as buyers grow in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.75-91
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the multi-level marketing(MLM) on consumer by examing the degree of damage and the consumers's satisfaction with MLM as well as the overall realities of MLM including the degree of the recognition and the distribution route of the commodities. We analyzed 256 cases which had experienced with MLM among 430 questionnaires collected. The resulted are as follows. 1) Consumers showed a lack of knowledge about MLM regardless of experiencing it. And they were recognized positively with the quality and the availability of the commodities. Expendables such as kitchen utensils and cosmetics were the most favored articles. 2) Transactions with no written contract were the most frequent damage to the consumers, followed by no price-tag and the marketer's refusal of exchange or refund. 3) When we compared the degree of consumer's satisfaction with MLM to the ordinary distribution in terms of the price, quality of goods and the service offered, the consumers were satisfied with the quality of the commodities, though their whole impressin of MLM was not so much favorable.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumer's complaints for clothing products in quality, uses and care. The consumer's complaints that were lodged to in consumer's claim center, Taejon Housewives Classes, from 1997 Jan. to 1999 Mar. were analyzed. The major results were as follows. 1. Complainers are generally females in their thirties and forties. Out of the clothing items, jackets and jumpers are the most part. Periods of uses and prices of accused clothing are less than one year and one hundred thousands won respectively. For claims about purchasing places, department store ranked first. 2. The complaints are mostly claims related to quality of clothing products, for example damage, color change, deformation, pilling and shrinkage. 3. Concerning the results of claim consideration, responsibility's whereabouts is that consumers, manufacturers, launderer rank in order.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.21-36
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• 2007

As online shopping is expanding rapidly, the damages undergone by consumers are also dramatically increasing. This research mainly focused on the damages experienced through Internet shopping. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized scale to measure damages sustained through an Internet shopping mall. A preliminary 35-item scale was developed through a literature review, and 1,230 consumers responded to an online survey using the preliminary scale. This research was supported by the surveys conducted on consumers who had previously shopped at an Internet fashion mall. This research was conducted with the intention of not only supplying academic data on the damage sustained by consumers, but also understanding the consumers' basic behavior patterns. Then a series of tests, such as test-retest, item-to-total correlation, Cron bach's reliability coefficient and factor analysis, were conducted using the survey data and a final scale with 26-items was constructed in the end. The damage sustained in Internet shopping malls scale for consumers consisted of three factors: 1. Trouble with safety 2. Trouble with payment and delivery; and 3. Trouble with after-sales services.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.67-89
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• 2018

An arbitration has great strength in the sense that it is a more rapid dispute resolution than a trial, and is means of dispute settlement for an achievement of the purpose which is the improvement of the rights and interests of consumers. Because the remedy of consumers' damage currently has not worked well, discussions about consumer arbitration as a universal Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is needed. The core of the ADR is not only the professionality and neutrality of an arbitrator and a mediator, but also the non-impairment of the arbitration proceeding's fairness. In addition, it also has both economic feasibility and efficiency. Furthermore, providing an institutional strategy is necessary to ensure fairness in an arbitration award.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1455-1462
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine green consumer behavior (green product purchasing behavior and green consumption life) affected by demographical characteristics, and cognition degree of green life (cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems). It's also to promote strategy and suggest effective activation plans for the vitalization of green consumer behavior. To carry out the task, verification of credibility, multiple regression analysis, two-step cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic analysis were used. The results are as follows: First, the factors that effect green product purchasing behavior were gender, age, cognitive of a green indicator, carbon points system, electricity peak hour system, and seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Second, the factors that effect green lifestyle were gender, age, carbon grade indicator system, cognition of a green system, and the seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Third, the comparative group characteristic analysis showed low rates for careless green consumer behavior groups compared to the passive green consumer behavior groups in cognition of a green indicator, green system, and environmental problems. For active green consumer behavior groups, the analysis showed high rates in cognition of carbon grades, eco-labeling, electricity peak hour system, and environmental damage due to lifestyle. In order to encourage green consumer behavior, it's evident that cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems need to be improved through strategic education and continuous encouragement.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-197
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• 2015

The development of IT expanded the scale of e-commerce, and grew large Internet shopping malls. As having raised the consumers' interest in overseas direct purchase(ODP) recently, the number and purchasing amount of ODP are constantly increasing. However, consumers need to pay attention to the potential problems which might happen by consumer's damage and conflict, as increasing the consumption through ODP. Because consumer's damages on utilizing ODP happen to the reason such as the trust problem between business and consumer due to the way which traded non face to face, non-compliance of goods delivery, returns, and refunds, and information asymmetry of items, a large number of consumer's damages in a wide range are much more likely to occur nowadays. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of ODP, and propose consumer damage's reduction and policy of the government through pre or post scheme for consumer damage's relief and consumer protection. As the compensation for consumer damages is actually inadequate, this study proposed a feasible alternative to the adoption of e-commerce insurance for both aggressive compensation and protection for consumer's damages and risk transfer and sustainable development of e-commerce.