• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2008

This study investigated the status and problems of marine-related environmental impact assessment and a utilization-consultation system in Korea and suggested improvement of the review organization. Also, it conducted SWOT analysis based on evaluation of functions, roles and performance of the marine environmental impact assessment center and proposed development strategies of the center through introduction of expert opinions and advanced systems. The performance statement-review by the center in 2007 included 358 cases in total; 165 (46.1%) for consultation on utilization of sea area, 104 for environmental impact assessment (29.0%), and 89 (24.9%) for prior environmental review. The consultation on utilization of sea area can be divided into that for public water surface-use (41%) and reclamation (32%), and sea aggregate extraction process (21%). Although bad impacts on marine environment are reducing under the current system, there are some limits and problems to supplement it in terms of content, system and operation. Review system on sea area utilization-impact(marine environmental impact assessment center) by marine environmental management law needs to obtain expertise, fairness and efficiency and, to do so, have operational supports and institutional improvement to maximize its own functions and roles. At the same time, it is necessary for the center to establish identity and the status as a professional review organization by setting active development strategies inside the center. Finally, it should strengthen an consultation system of marine environmental impact assessment led by the related ministry to achieve effective coastal management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2016

In case of the Sea Areas Utilization Consultation about fishery harbor facilities there has been problems excepting a mooring facility and having the same scope of business subject with harbor, while those scale are different. In this study, we analyzed the 17 cases of the statements for Sea Areas Utilization Consultation according to the development projects of fishery harbors for 2013-2014 and suggested the improvement way to go. First, it is needed to reassess the scope of business subject about fishery harbor because the environmental effects about the development projects for the fishery harbor are not considered separately by facilities, development project for the fishery harbor. Therefore, the reassessment about them are needed surely. Second, the adjustment of the range about fishery harbor facilities on the Sea Area Utilization Consultation is needed because in case of most small fishery ports, the sizes of those facilities are less than the boundary area ($50,000m^2$). Last, consultation subjects shall be more clear in order to protect confusions-related with applying for the Consultation on Utilization of Sea Areas. A new rule for clarifying consultation on business subjects is needed in order to reduce the unclarity and the confusions from being occurred by difference between 'occupancy or use permit of public waters' and 'exclusion of application' and business subjects according to the Public Waters Management and Reclamation Act and the Marine Environment Management Act, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2013

This study assessed documentation status of each environmental assessment items by analyzing the 243 case of marine EIS on the Consultation System of Sea Area Utilization. Observed rate of tidal elevation, current, temperature, salinity in maine environment were below 20%. The EFDC tool is applied substantially in hydrodynamic modeling. The verification process, however, is very insufficient using the recent observed data. Also, in-situ assessment rate of pelagic organism such as phytoplankton was below 50%, and assessment for Chlorophyll a was not accomplished. Ecological index evaluation for zooplankton and benthic ecosystem were not considered in statements. Especially, the rational assessment on the fisheries resources and protected species were very limited. It was necessary that the core assessment items (checklists) were established for environmental scoping. Furthermore, suggestion of information related to development, regional coastal management plan, aquaculture farms, and facilities were enhanced. The redundancy problem of proceedings between Environmental Impact Assessment and Sea Area Utilization Assessment System was improved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2019

Marine activities are becoming more diverse and extensive due to recent social developments, exceeding the environmental capacity of the marine ecosystem. The resilience, resistance, and constancy of marine ecosystems are being damaged or degraded. This prevents the ecosystem from functioning properly, leading to a decline in ecosystem services and value. As a means of returning the damaged ecosystem to health, more and more people are interested in restoration. At a time when restoration projects are gradually expanding, various problems that may arise when implementing the Sea Area Utilization Consultation and Impact Assessment for restoration projects need to be checked, in addition to confirming the direction to be pursued. Therefore, in this study terms related to restoration from research papers and reports were summarized, and the status of the Sea Area Utilization Consultation related to restoration projects and the status of the restoration project were reviewed. In addition, problems with Sea Area Utilization Consultations were considered through a case study to ensure the successful execution of restoration projects. Based on this, we intend to present improvement measures for Sea Area Utilization Consultations and Impact Assessments for restoration projects. This will provide effective information for future policies and plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

The sediment makes up the sea floor and plays an important role as a habitats for living things in the sea. However, pollution of coastal sediment due to internal and external factors such as inflow of contaminants from land and self-pollution becoming more serious, the needs for management of sediment that play an important role in ecology, is increasing. In particular, the review and evaluation of the effects of sediment in marine development projects including reclamation and dredging, have significance in terms of proactive protection and management of surrounding ecosystems. This study proposed the improvement measures for marine sediment management standards on the sea area utilization consultation for the development of public water. For the purpose, The evaluation and management standards of domestic and overseas marine sediments were reviewed and compared. The sediment environment guidelines under the Marine Environment Management Act of Korea were reviewed. Accordingly, the cases of Canada and NOAA, which have various evaluation standards consist of comprehensive factors, were analyzed. For analysis of operational cases, the port and fishing port development projects for the last five years (2016-2020) that are considered to have the greatest impact on sediments among the sea area use consultations were also reviewed. Finally, this study suggested that the assessment factors for ecological hazards and potential human risks should be considered in the sediment environmental standards in the sea area utilization consultation system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study presented politic proposals and diverse utilization-type in coastal areas by analyzing results of reviewed related-statements of marine environment during the one year period of 2007 by Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Center. Total of 358 cases were reviewed, which was a significant increase from 270 in 2006. Consultation on the utilization of sea areas (CUSA) accounted for the largest number of 165 (46.1%) and it was followed by 104 cases of environmental impact assessment (EIA) (29.0%) and 89 cases of prior environmental review (PER) (24.9%). As such, evaluation statements (EIA+PER) related to consultations of the Ministry of Environment accounted for approximately 54% of the entire cases reviewed. To analyze the overall results of reviewing marine-related evaluation statements, utilization and planning were conducted by 47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7% in the South Sea, West Sea and East Sea of Korea, respectively. In evaluation statements (EIA+PER), port construction, industrial complex construction, urban management plan and road construction took up most of the part by 40.9%, 20.2%, 10.4% and 7.3%, respectively. In terms of CUSA-statement, it was evaluated that consultations were mostly carried out on use and reclamation of public water surface in coastal areas and on sea aggregate extraction process in EEZ. The largest number of plans for coastal use were established for Jeollanam-do, followed by Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeonggi-do. In particular, development plans were concentrated on Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do with stable marine environment and outstanding view of the nature. In most cases, these regions are adjacent to the areas designated as a sea area for environmental management and fisheries resources protection zone. Therefore, conflicts exist between development and preservation. Also, rather than random development, more detailed marine environmental impact assessment, gathering of public opinions and politic harmony are essentially required. For efficient coastal management and environmentally sound and sustainable development, fulfilling consistent and transparent coastal policies as well as active and reliable decision making to center on coastal environment by management bodies will be important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2013

Since the early 2000s, demand for coastal dredging projects have been significantly increased, and the dredged sediments have showed the continuing marked increases through the multiple projects with other coastal development and constructions. As significant or potential degradation of marine environment has been mounting, we checked the current situation of marine environmental impact assessment through marine water and sediment qualities in relation with dredging projects of the sea area utilization consultation statements submitted in 2011. While analysis percentages of the general items were usually higher, harmful components such as metals revealed wide variation of analysis percentages. In the event of analysis of metals, the pre-treatment process (full digestion) and analysis method were not properly implemented in accordance with the guidelines for preparation of consultation statements. Although not specified in the guidelines, verification procedures (tests of recovery efficiency and detection limit) to secure the reliability were almost ignored. As a result, most of developers did conduct poor marine environmental impact assessment on coastal dredging and related projects. We suggested that the responsible government authority should establish new detailed guidelines on the sea area utilization consultation for more strict evaluation and diagnosis of marine environment and distinctly request the developer to obey the guidelines by complementing the system of the sea area utilization consultation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2009

The review of statements and coastal development characteristics in South Korea were diagnosed by the consultation on the coastal area utilization in Korea. The occupation and the use of public water were dominated by installation of coastal structure and seawater supply and drainage whereas the reclamation areas were predominantly utilized for developing industrial complex, harbor, fishing port and road. The occupation and the use were dominant in western coast, but reclamation was dominant in southern coast of Korea. The number of utilization cases was particularly greater in Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and Gyeonggi Province including Incheon. The number of the statements reviews increased by more than 200 cases in 2008 compared with 2007, and most of them were the simple statements. The statements related to ocean disposal of dredged sediment, reclamation, dredging sediment, seawater supply and drainage, and marine sand mining were submitted for review. Coastal utilization was especially active in the regions of seawater quality criteria I and II. In particular, special management sea areas designated under the relevant marine regulations were utilized mostly by reclamation for developing harbor, fishing port and coastal structure. Development activities in national parks comprised primarily structure installation and coastal maintenance. In the fisheries resources protection areas, 40% of the total cases accounted for coastal maintenance, 31% for structure installation, and 16% for seawater supply and drainage. In addition, alternative plans for the improvement in policies and system of marine environmental impact assessment were suggested to enhance the function and confidence of the consultation on the coastal area utilization in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.361-371
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• 2015

This study analyzed the 91 cases of the statements for the Sea Area Utilization Consultation according to the developmental projects of ports and fishery harbors for 2012 2014 and the status of the record of document, and suggested the improvement way to go. The marine environmental timpact assessment items both marine chemistry such as water quality, sediment and marine biology such as benthic animal, plankton, and fisheries show highly rate of site survey. But, the utilization of those data through site survey is too low, and it is necessary to adopt the QA/QC for the reliability of survey data. The items of marine physics such as tide, tidal current analyzed based on references not a site survey. However, the simulation performed actively without calibration and verification compared to the result of site survey. When the projects of port and fishery harbor perform, it is necessary to monitor the physical parameter such as wave, tide and tidal current especially. Based on the scale and the type of project, we need introduce the system of scoping for prediagnosis the key assessment items and checklists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

This paper suggested the improvement of marine environmental impact assessment in eastern coast as analyzing consultation on the coastal area utilization for development of ports and fishing harbors for 3years in the east coast. The results of survey are only 3cases, 12cases and 16cases each for ocean currents, wave and sounding data. However, for development of ports and fishing harbors in eastern coast, ocean characteristics in eastern coast different than in the West Sea, South Sea is considered to marine environmental impact assessment. For development of ports and fishing harbors in east coast where the influences of ocean currents, wind-driven current and waves are dominant, the effect of the current should be considered to improve the reproducibility of tidal current. The wave should also be considered as an assessment criteria to obtain the validity of project such as harbor tranquility, functionality of breakwaters and stability. In addition, sediment inflow in river and exact water depth data of the ocean should be applied to numerical modeling and set wave-induced current to external force of sediment transport to predict the problems such as the harbor siltation and the coastal erosion considering ocean characteristics in the east coast.