• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.69-84
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• 1996

The main current of ancient Korean thought is based on Yuk(易) : which solves the principle of creation of universe letter(文字) which is the principle of geometry and three elements thought of circle square . It's related to the creation principle of the universe and regarded as a sign that demons-trates shows the way to read the mathematical principle. The original form of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is represents the structure of hu-man body which reflects a small universe. So a good structure and meaning of the human body is well read in the formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) and that is a good symbolization of the clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) as the space of small universe. The good formation of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be shown by cutting out straight bending twisting and turning each straitly cutting piece is applied to its trans-tormation. Geametical formation with obvious sym-metric dividing of front-back left-right and top-bottom is well shown in Korean clothes by twisting Yuk(易) or m bius strips. So we can find out whole formation by representing only either 'front and back' or 'left and right' and also sa-pok(사폭) of man's trousers seop(섶) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket 저고리) kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) of Sam-hwai-jang jeo-go-ri (삼회장 저고리), mu(무) of jig-ryung(straight collar and long and wide sleeved robe, 直領) trouser wide and ga-rae-ba-dae(가래바대) of dan-cok-kok(woman's under trousers). The formation line of Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is based on theprinciple of unlimited m bius strips by twisting of turning direction from universal principle and original basic form is not changd even by turning in-side out. Unity of the whole and part in Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) could be found in nonorientable thought(非始原思想) which represents the unity and dependence kil(길) of jeo-go-ri(short jacket, 저고리) and po(long and wide sleeved robe, 袍). Selva-gewise(식서방향) of sleeves and seam of out-side of kil(길) and outside of seop(섶) are directed to outside of seop(섶) inside of seop(섶) is to kil and direction of inseam of kheut-dong(끝동) and kyut-ma-gi(곁마기) is directed to sleeves. Korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) is usually made by cutting fabric for several parts and sewing them and the way to make Korean clothes is deeply related to the theory of chon-pu-kyung jong-il and il-seok -sam-geuk. As the development of men's consciousness is pro-gressed from total separation to separation and superseparation. Sewing process of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) can be make single dimension to double or triple dimension of korean clothes(Han-Bock, 韓服) silhoutte bacause it can be include principle of topology as noneuclity.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.7.1-7.10
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• 2022

Background: Occupational skin diseases are skin conditions that occur or worsen in relation to work and known to be the second most common type of occupational disease affecting individuals in the United States. In Korea, epidemiological reports related to occupational skin diseases are rare. But, no cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by welding and grinding work have been reported previously. Case presentation: Nine male workers working in the production department for liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships in Ulsan complained of erythematous papules/patches and itching in various areas of the body after welding and grinding work. The work environment monitoring report revealed that the amount of nickel dust exceeded the time weighted average (TWA) and poor local ventilation status. Based on the symptoms and the overall results of surveys, several tests, and work environment monitoring report, the 2 workers who had positive patch-test reactions to nickel were diagnosed with nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis. The other 7 workers were diagnosed that there was a high probability that they had nickel dust-induced irritant contact dermatitis. The 2 workers who had nickel dust-induced allergic contact dermatitis were recommended to switch their jobs. Conclusions: Nickel is one of the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis. In this case, the dust was assumed to be created by welding work with a high nickel content new welding rod and subsequent grinding work, and the concentration of this dust exceeded the time weighted average. Thus, it is thought that the nickel dust may have caused contact dermatitis through continuous contact with the workers' exposed skin in a poorly ventilated space. Currently, several domestic shipbuilding companies are manufacturing LNG tankers using a new construction method. Consequently, it is highly likely that similar cases will occur in the future, which makes this case report meaningful.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 형광등조명기구와 LED 조명기구와의 물리적 특성을 비교하여 LED조명기구의 기본적인 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 여기서 두가지 조명기구의 균제도 및 휘도분포 측면에서 비교 분석하여 LED조명기구를 건축실내공간에 적용하기 위한 자료를 작성하였다. 연구는 4단계로 나누어 진행하였다. 첫째, 기존의 조명기구와 비교한 LED조명광원의 이론적인 검토를 하였다. 둘째, 연구의 목적에 부합되도록 실험변인을 조절할 수 있는 실물대모형(Mock-up)을 제작하였다. 셋째, 설치된 실물대의형을 이용하여 조명기구별 균제도 휘도분포를 측정하였다. 최종적으로, 기존의 형광등기구와 LED조명기구간의 균제도 휘도분포 특성을 비교분석하였다. 연구결과 LED조명기구가 균제도 0.569로 기존 형광등조명기구의 균제도 0.522보다 높아 균일한 조도분포 특성을 보이고 전반확산이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 휘도분포를 측정한 결과 LED조명기구가 보다 균일한 휘도분포 특성을 보였고, 벽면의 휘도분포는 형광등조명기구에 의한 최대휘도가 $180.6[cd/m^2]$, LED조명기구는 $155.26[cd/m^2]$로 형광등이 높고, 평균휘도는 형광등조명기구가 $44.32[cd/m^2]$, LED조명기구가 $58.65[cd/m^2]$로 LED조명기구가 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, LED조명기구가 형광등조명기구보다 재실자에게 보다 쾌적한 작업환경을 구성할 수 있는 조명이라 판단된다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.117-148
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• 2022

The full impact of COVID-19 has yet to be felt: while it may not define the new decade, it is clear that its immediate significance was to test many of the basic operating assumptions and procedures of global civilization. Even as vaccines are developed and utilized and even as it is possible to see the beginning of the end of COVID-19 as a discrete historical event, it remains unclear as to its ultimate importance. That said, it is evident that the academic exploration of Southeast Asia will also be affected by both the global and regional experiences of the pandemic. "Breakthroughs of Area Studies and ASEAN in the Era of Homo Untact" promises to help reconceptualize the study of the region by highlighting the importance of redefined spatial relationships and new potentially depersonalized modes of communication. This paper acknowledges these issues by suggesting that the transformations caused by the pandemic should motivate scholars to raise new questions about how to understand humanity-particularly as it is defined by societies, nations and regions. Given that COVID-19 (and the response to it) has altered many of the fundamental rhythms of globalized regions, there is sufficient warrant for re-examining both the ways in which disease, health and their related spaces affect the perceptions of Southeast Asia. To achieve "breakthroughs" into the investigation of the region, it makes sense to have another glance at the ways in which the discourses about diseases and health may have helped to inscribe definitions of Southeast Asia-or, at the very least, the nations, societies and peoples who live within it. In order to at least consider these larger issues, the discussion will concentrate on a formative moment in the conceptualization of Southeast Asia-British engagement with the region in the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries. To that end three themes will be highlighted: (1) the role that British diplomatic and military narratives played in establishing the information priorities required for the construction of colonial knowledge; (2) the importance not only of "colonial knowledge" but information making in its own right; (3) in anticipation of the use of big data, the manner in which manufactured information (related to space and disease) could function in shaping early British perceptions of Southeast Asia-particularly in Batavia and Java. This discussion will suggest that rather than see social distancing or increased communication as the greatest outcome of COVID-19, instead it will be the use of data-that is, big, aggregated biometric data which have not only shaped responses to the pandemic, but remain likely to produce the reconceptualization of both information and knowledge about the region in a way that will be at least as great as that which took place to meet the needs of the "New Imperialism." Furthermore, the definition and articulation of Southeast Asia has often reflected political and security considerations. Yet, the experience of COVID-19 could prove that data and security are now fused into a set of interests critical to policy-makers. Given that the pandemic should accelerate many existing trends, it might be foreseen these developments will herald the triumph of homo indicina: an epistemic condition whereby the human subject has become a kind of index for its harvestable data. If so, the "breakthroughs" for those who study Southeast Asia will follow in due course.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of appropriateness of using design quality indicators for the educational building, and complements for design quality indicators. For doing this, each items of the Korean educational building design indicator was validated by teachers, school staff and an education officer. First, School Personnel and Teachers considered indicators for the classroom designed for general subjects as being valid. However, in terms of indicators for the outside space, they thought of them as not being valid. In particular, it seemed that school staff would have a passive attitude toward the open of the school facility for the local society. It is judged that there happens an adverse effect caused by the open of the school facility for the local society in the educational environment of the school. Second, Education Office Supervisors thought that eco-friendly indicators, LED lighting, an outer wall, and widows and doors had a high validity. On the contrary, he viewed the validity of a rainwater retention basin as being low, which was likely because he rarely had expertise on the construction. When it comes to the indicator of technology capability, ultrahigh-speed information network was seen as being valid, and the indicator of economic feasibility had high validity on maintenance and durability. Third, compared to groups of Teachers and School Personnel, the group of education officers presented high validity of indicators. Validity of indicators might be differently showed because different items on indicators were measured. However, it is speculated that Education Office Supervisors mostly acknowledged the validity of indicators. Fourth, a majority of Teachers, School staff, and Education Office Supervisors were favor of the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities since it played a guide role in improving the quality of school. In order to settle the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities, it is most important that institutions in the local society which are publicly reliable should participate in the phase of designing the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities. In sum, overall respondents agreed with the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities but were aware that reliable organizations in public would need to take part in planning the system of the evaluation accreditation for school facilities from the beginning.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.576-598
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• 2016

이 논문은 소외에 관한 기존 철학적 사회이론적 논의의 특성들을 르페브르의 소외 이론을 중심으로 살펴보고, 산업 자본주의 및 탈산업(후기) 자본주의의 도시에서 나타나고 또한 이를 통해 매개되는 다양한 소외 양상들을 개념적으로 고찰하고자 한다. 산업사회에서 근대 도시의 형성과 발달과정은 기본적으로 자연으로부터의 소외와 토지(즉 생산수단)로부터의 소외를 초래했으며, 이들을 배경으로 임금노동자들의 소외된 노동과 이를 심화시키는 기술 및 분업의 발달과정을 동반했다. 산업사회에서 탈산업사회로의 전환은 소외를 완화시켰다기보다는 오히려 심화 확장시킨 것으로 이해된다. 탈산업사회의 도시적 소외는 이른바 지구-지방화 과정 및 신용체계의 발달과 금융화 과정을 통해 공간적 및 시간적으로 확장되었다. 또한 자본 축적 메커니즘의 확장에 따라 도시적 소외는 소비와 여가 부문과 비물질적 영역으로 확대되었으며, 도시의 건조환경을 통한 자본 순환과정으로 인해 도시 공간과 경관(스펙터클)으로부터 소외도 심화되었다. 이 논문은 끝으로 도시적 소외를 극복하고 탈소외된 노동과 탈소외된 도시 공간으로서 정의로운 도시를 개념화하기 위하여, 탈소외에 관한 이론적 논의들을 간략히 살펴보고, '도시에 대한 권리' 개념을 탈소외를 위한 핵심적 실천 전략으로 이해하면서, 이에 따라 탈소외된 도시로서 정의로운 도시가 어떻게 전망되고 구현될 수 있는가를 논의한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

This study intended to analyze growth condition of each object by protected tree's ground for 45 places registered to Pyeongtaek protected tree list in locational characteristics, conduct exchange analysis for impediment extent rate in crown area and tree type to the result and suggest the measures to manage artificial impediment which is an effect on protected tree condition. In this study, the tree whose area of impediment for crown area is less than 21% is tree condition of grade 1~2, less than 21~50% is grade 2~3 and more than 50% is grade 3~5. The more impediment is, the more inconvenience causes on growth and development. So, it verified that the area rate must maintain less than 21% for the root system management of protected tree. For the standard of managing artificial impediment which is an effect on the tree condition of protected trees, the below matters intend to be suggested. The first, the impediment in crown area should be less than 21%. But, if there is not artificial impediment out of crown area, the rate of impediment area is considered to increase somewhat. The second, growth space of protected tree should be maintained by crown area at least and impediment should be established out of the crown area. The third, during the national project and land development, surroundings of protected tree must be applied as park, resting place, etc. and the establishment area of impediment (artificial impediment and natural impediment) in crown area must be limited. The forth, publicity for regional people (especially, land owner) is necessary for the protection of natural inheritance and the value of dependence on local government and village which are the subject of management must be announced widely through the internet media, etc, so its importance must be recognized. The fifth, the matters related to protected tree management must be able to limit artificial damage which is for surroundings of protected tree through the mutual connection among the local governments; construction, civil engineering, architecture, water and sewage, agriculture and forest and others. Also, following studies on the effects of kinds, thickness, etc. of impediment around the protected tree on trees should be continued.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2011

Purpose: Hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the anterior of the neck. Hyoid bone fractures are exceedingly rare and represent only 0.002% of all fractures because of its protective position relative to the mandible and its suspension by elastic musculature. We report a patient who presented hyoid bone fracture associated with hypoglossal nerve palsy. We also discuss the possible complication and treatment. Methods: A 69-year-old man was transferred from another institution because of persistent purulent discharge from the left chin. He had a history of trauma in which a knuckle crane grabbed his face and neck in the construction site. A CT scan at the time of the accident demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right side of the mandible and hyoid bone fracture at the junction between body and right greater cornua. The displaced fracture of hyoid bone and fullness in the pre-epiglottic space were noted, probably indicating some edema. The patient was transferred into ICU after treatment of emergency tracheostomy because the patient showed respiratory distress rapidly. When the patient was hospitalized in our emergency room, he complained of dysphagia and pain when swallowing. On examination of oral cavity, the presence of muscle wasting with fasciculation of the tongue was noted and the tongue deviates to the left side on protruding from the mouth. Pharyngolarygoscopy was performed to make sure that there was no evidence of progressive swelling and pharyngeal laceration. Results: The patient underwent surgical removal of dead and infected tissue from the wound and reconstruction of mandibular bony defect by iliac bone grafting. Hyoid bone fracture was managed conservatively with oral analgesics, soft diet and restricted movement. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was resolved within 7 weeks after trauma without complications. Conclusion: Closed hyoid bone fracture is usually uncomplicated and thus it can be treated conservatively. Surgical intervention for hyoid bone fracture is recommended for patient with airway compromise, pharyngeal perforation and painful symptoms which show no response to conservative care. Furthermore, since respiratory distress syndrome may develop quickly, close observation is required. Besides, hypoglossal nerve palsy is a rarely recognized complication of hyoid bone fracture.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2009

This paper tries to explore the local uniqueness and evolutionary characteristics of the spatial structure of the rural dwelling houses of China's Korean Ethnic. For this purpose, the paper selected 51 typical samples in each district, analyzing their ancestral home, building age, size, construction method, family composition etc. Moreover, the paper classified the pattern of the samples and analyzed the characteristic and evolutionary process of each pattern. Conclusions based on the analysis of the ancestral homes are as follows: 1.The house pattern of these China's Korean ethnics who are originally from the Hamkyung province is mainly jeongji- access type (A-type). A-type is mainly distributed along the Tumen River and Yalu River, in the Sino-Russian borders and the inland areas of Heilongjiang province. With the migration of the China's Korean ethnics, in Sino-Russian borders and the inland areas of Heilongjiang province, A-type with the 'badang' space, vestibule-access type (C-type) and living-centered type (D-type) appeared. 2. House patterns of Korean ethnics who are originally from the Pyongan province include three types: A-type, kitchen type (B-type) and C-type. A-type is mainly distributed along the Yalu River while B-type and C-type are mainly in the inland areas of these three Northeast provinces. With the decrease of population, the merger of rooms happened in A-type; while in the B-type and C-type, bathroom and storage came to exist in the north of the room. 3. The house pattern of Korean ethnics who are originally from the Gyeongsang province is mainly B-type, which is distributed in the inland areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. Besides, C-type and D-type also exist. They are in Jilin and Liaoning provinces. In the process of evolution, storage was set in the north part of the room or the window was cancelled in order to defend the coldness in Heilongjiang area, while in Jilin and Liaoning provinces, living room came into existence, which is gradually developing to D-type.