• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2004

Turnkey contract system is an effective ordering system for the organizations that technical engineers are insufficient in their construction projects. It is possible to reduce project duration and to improve project Quality in an integrated contract system between design and construction. However, owners can have a difficulty caused from unitary responsibility system. This study analyzes present situation and problems of turnkey contract system in our country. The results includes various methods for improving the system based on the analysis of bid price nd selection procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

In consideration of current circumstances which management activities for safety performance on construction sites are mostly controlled by safety personnel, it is necessary to maintain qualified safety personnel those who are experienced and have adequate ability. This is a major factor in order to prevent any of work related incident in the construction site. However, the existing standard which enforces certain number of safety personnel in the construction site aligning with respective contract amount could lead to difficulties for proactive safety management. So, it is required to get improvement on the existing standard. In nominating the proper number of safety personnel, it would be more efficient to consider the level of risk for characteristic of work itself and the total number of manpower mobilized in respective construction work, rather than to follow the existing standard of manpower ratio as per the contract amount. Hence, this study aims to propose several plans which enable to improve the existing standard for assignment of safety personnel on construction sites.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2023

Given that most government contracts are based on a fiscal year, long-term continuing construction contracts require appropriate provisions as significant amounts of budget is supposed to be invested for several years. This study drew problems and improvements of the long-term continuing construction contracts by analyzing the contents of FGI and list of construction order. We found that a number of problems, such as the mismatch between laws and enforcement decrees, difference in calculating overheads due to the extension of construction period, many construction orders that are hard to see as budget efficiency and over investment in the final annual contract, were tangled up in the process. To solve the problems mentioned, we suggested several improvements as follows: (1) effect of total construction period and total amount should be guaranteed by a law, (2) it is suggested that the scope of long-term continuing construction contract is determined by a law, and (3) it should be clear about the calculation of overheads concerned with the extension of construction period as well as the estimation of construction period to prevent over investment in the final contract.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

Delay schedule coming about duration extension is happening essentially because public construction project consist of many sub contractor. The method which can calculate delay day is suggested by many studies in case of happing delay schedule, but It is difficult to apply to real construction project because there is no mention about the control of The law of contract according to delay schedule. The law of Contract which is cost of account has more uncertain problem than FIDIC condition of contract. This study suggests method which can make extension of duration procedure clear in case of happing the reason of design change related with activity duration during carrying on construction, and a submission process of the reason of duration extension and modify schedule making way about section which is basis of calculating contract amount clear.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

A construction project consists of many types of contracts. In the process of selecting the successful contractor after bidding, there will inevitably be fierce competition, which may lead to corruption or bribery. Even after signing the contract, during the period of settling the amount of the contract, bribery could occur. Such corruption could harm the development of the construction industry. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a strategy to prevent corruption by strengthening the transparency of the bidding process. In this study, to prevent corruption in the construction industry, a new service is proposed in which the successful bidder is selected by a professional third party, and the introduction of diverse delivery systems for construction projects and the invigoration of alternative methods of settling disputes are also proposed in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.435-439
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• 2006

The purposes of study is to propose a new method contract price adjustment in construction projects. The research method of this study includes a case analysis and questionnaire survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1) For improvement method of contract amount adjustment, enactment for legislation pertaining to computation methods such as military's organization through total unit cost, and price flexibility computation at the point of design modification were presented. 2) Arithmetic formulas for cases in which volume is deleted or modified below the price flexibility exemption amount or in which there is no change to quantity, at the occurrence of design modification resulting from price flexibility, were proposed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2024

In defense and military facility projects, adjustments to contract amounts due to design changes directly or indirectly affect factors such as increased construction costs and extended construction periods. Moreover, they can lead to differences of opinion and conflicts between the military and contracting parties. This case study analyzed the integrated management of defense and military facility projects by the Gyeonggi Southern Facilities Division, which oversees projects in Seoul and the southern Gyeonggi Province region for the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Out of 388 completed projects, 103 cases with design changes were selected for analysis, aiming to ensure the reliability of data regarding the proportion of design changes in project completion. The study classified samples by the causes of design changes specified in the Ministry of Planning and Finance's contract regulations, assigning rankings based on the occurrence rates of each cause. Furthermore, it analyzed detailed factors for each cause of design change and derived implications to propose improvement measures. Considering the limited access to military primary data, this case study is expected to contribute to minimizing design changes in defense and military facility projects. Additionally, it is anticipated to be practically useful for subsequent research on contract amount adjustments resulting from design changes.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.48
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• pp.127-155
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• 2010

The international transactions of capital goods such as industrial plant exports, overseas constructions, and shipbuilding exports, are so huge that tremendous amount of funds are required, and that most of the loans are long-term credits of over five years. In the export of huge capital goods, financing is more crucial than technology itself. Some of the importing countries are developing ones that are politically and economically unstable. Therefore the financing mechanism for these transactions is conclusive in winning these projects. Global financial market instability caused by US sub-prime mortgage financial crisis expanded all over the world, and the international transactions have been decreased due to global credit crisis. This indicates how much influential the financing market is in international transactions. The financing schemes are classified into supplier credit and buyer credit by who provides the financing. A supplier credit is a credit extended by an exporter(seller) to an importer(buyer) as part of an export contract. Cover for this transaction may be extended by an export credit agency('ECA') to the exporter. In a sales contract a seller shall provide fund required to manufacture goods, and in a construction contract a contractor shall provide fund required to complete a construction. A buyer credit is an arrangement in which an exporter enters into a contract with an importer, which is financed by means of a loan agreement A Comparative Study on a Supplier Credit and a Buyer Credit in International Transactions of Capital Goods 155 where the borrower is the importer. In a sales contract a buyer shall provide fund required to manufacture and procure the goods, and in a construction contract an owner shall provide fund required to complete a construction. Therefore an exporter is paid on progressive payment method. A supplier credit and a buyer credit have their own advantages and disadvantages in the respect of the parties respectively. These two financing methods are selectively used considering financing conditions such as funding cost, importer's and/or exporter's financial conditions, importing country's political risk.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2013

This paper presents a system called a Cash-flow based Construction Schedule Optimization system(CfSO). The existing CPM effectively handles schedule and cost management. However, funding strategy should be considered to obtain maximum profit and to progress a project favorably. One of measures is to coordinate the contract terms between owner and subcontractors (or suppliers). Contractor may decrease the interest cost attributed to project financing by adjusting the timing of cash-inflows and cash-outflows. It is an excellent method maximizing profits. This paper presents a method to estimate the amount of a cash-flow occurred periodically by integrating the terms of contract into scheduling. The proposed method is implemented as a system prototype in Microsoft Excel. This system provides a user an automated tool that identifies an optimal schedule that secures maximum profit by adjusting start and finish times of non-critical activities' free-floats without affecting on the project completion time. This system supports a project manager to establish an optimum project schedule and identifies profitable contractual conditions against to a construction owner.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.303-305
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• 2012

This paper presents a system called a Cash-flow based Construction Scheduling Optimization (CfSO). The existing CPM is biased on schedule and cost management. For a profitable and successful project management, the cash-flow which occurred actually by contractual conditions should be considered in the project scheduling. Therefore, this study provides a method to estimate the amount of a cash-flow occurred periodically by integrating the terms of contract into scheduling. The proposed methodology is implemented as a system prototype in Microsoft Excel. CfSO helps a site manager as a decision-maker to establish a optimized project scheduling and decide profitable contractual conditions against a construction owner.