• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

1. Objectives However there was a report that dyspepsia occurs more frequently in Soeumin, there has not been any clinical research if structural changes such as gastritis occurs differently according to Sasang Constitution. So in this research, we investigated to find out if there are differences in the degree and types of gastritis and gastrointestinal symptoms according to Sasang Constitution and gender difference. 2. Methods Subjects were 30 men and 38 women, who had visited Kyung-Hee Medical Center for physical examination and took gastroscopy and differential diagnosis of Sasang Constitution in March, 2003. We investigated the degree and types of gastritis and gastrointestinal symptoms. 3. Results and conclusions Gender difference han no relation with types of gastritis, but had significant relation with the degree of gastritis and gastrointestinal symptoms. But Sasang Constitution had no significant relation with the degree and types of gastritis and gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was investigated to the relationship ayurvedic constitution and each skin hydration and pH. Methods : The questionaire survey and skin analysis of female students attending university located in Chugnam was carried out in order to assess skin types according to ayurvedic constituion such as vata, pitta and kapha. Data analysis were used describe statistics, ANOVA in Duncan's multiple comparative test and Pearson's correlation by SPSS. Skin hydration and pH was measured by Corneometer and skin-pH meter. Results : The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of knowledge of ayurvedic constitutional types most students are not aware of that. Second, the most common constitution in the ayurveda medical system was pitta. Third, in the analysis of skin type by constitution of ayurveda, vata had dry skin while pitta and kapha tended to have more combination skin. However, this result didn't show any statistically significant difference either. Forth, the analysis of skin tone by constitution of ayurveda showed that vata was white, and pitta and kapha were just average. Discussion and Conclusion : The results of this study was shown that the difference between Korean and Indian, so we should develop effective diagnosis tool for Korean people. In the future, we expect that ayurvedic skin and body program developed by this study spread and practical use at esthetic industry and domain of esthetics in Korea.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotional characteristics of the Sasang constitution with the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Methods: A total of 224 participants were assessed with a Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool (SCAT) for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, and completed the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: 1. From the results of the CSEI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher fear (恐) score than the Soyangin. 2. From the results of the TCI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher harm avoidance (HA) score than Taeeumin and Soyangin. Moreover, the Soyangin showed a significantly higher reward dependence (RD) score than Taeeumin and Soeumin. 3. In the correlation tests of the CSEI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between joy (喜) and other emotions, which are thoughts (思), depression (憂), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). There were positive correlations between the emotions except joy (喜). 4. In the correlation tests of the TCI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between HA and persistence (P), and HA and SD. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between RD and cooperativeness (C) and between P and self-directedness (SD). 5. In the correlation tests of the TCI and CSEI, joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with HA and a positive correlation with P and with SD. Anger (怒) showed a negative correlation with C and other emotions except joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with RD. Conclusions: The differences of psychological characteristics in Sasang Constitution were shown with CSEI and TCI from this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.166-175
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• 2019

The constitution of traditional medicine is distinguished from modern medicine. Sasang medicine describe the constitution which is classified as functional intensity of the lung, spleen, liver and kidney. The functional strength of each part of the human body is not the same in each constitution, and this imbalance is considered as a major factor of the disease. Ayurveda is identified the balance of the three dosha in our body is the basis of health maintenance. The reason for the illness is due to the imbalance among vata which express energy metabolism, pitta which plays a role in metabolism and digestion, and kapha which controls body temperature. The two theories which include knowing the characteristics and trends of diseases according to their constitution, the approach of treatment and the health care of daily life. They are also considered as convergent area about treatment methods in the modern society where individual characteristics and lifestyle are emphasized. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of constitutional basis for increasing patient satisfaction and to help diversity of treatment in preventive medical area by comparing and analyzing the theory of Sasang and Ayurveda.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.42-54
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• 2023

Objectives This study aims to identify differences in clinical manifestations of COVID-19 between different Sasang constitution. Methods Subjects were recruited from August 29, 2022, to July 11, 2023. COVID-19 clinical symptoms were self-reported via questionnaires. Sasang constitutional diagnosis was performed using the K-PRISM, and Sasang constitutional specialist. Results A total of 66 subjects were recruited for the study, and the Sasang constitutional distribution of the subjects was 19 soyangin, 25 taeeumin, and 22 soeumin. For most of the COVID-19 clinical manifestations, the study found that soyangin experienced symptoms at a higher rate than other constitutions. Among the symptoms observed in the study, sore throat, pantalgia, and cough were severe in all subjects regardless of constitution. Soeumin was more likely to experience abdominal pain, chest pain, and diarrhea, while soyangin was more likely to experience chest pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and cutaneous symptoms compared to other constitutions. Taeeumin had more sputm, nasal congestion, and skin symptoms, but fewer digestive symptoms. There were differences in the onset and duration of symptoms by constitution. Conclusions This study is an important contribution to our understanding of the differences in response to the COVID-19 virus among different Sasang constitutions. Symptomatic differences between constitutions may have important implications for prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases, and personalized treatment and management based on these differences may be needed in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2006

In Oriental Medicine, there have been a number of researches in 8-Constitution medicine which classifies human bodies into one of 8 categories. Since the diagnosis of 8-Constitution depending on pulse types is often subjective, standardization of the diagnosis and therapy requires objective characteristics of 8 constitutions. A questionnaire of 80 items about personal symptoms were given to patients while they were classified into one of 8 constitutions based on their pulse types and responses to constitution-based acupuncture therapy. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple comparison test were used to verify the significant items. Most of the significant items in this study coincided with supposed-to-be clinical characteristics of 8-constitutions.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2011

Objectives: To characterize Five Woons in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Methods: A diagnostic questionnaire was given to 1066 High School students who were born in Korea from 1993 to 1995. One of the Five Woons was given to the participant based on his and her birthday. The oneway analysis of variance was applied to compare the means of the Five Woons in each year. Results: 1. Developed a reliable questionnaire consisting of 28 items for the purpose of chracterizing five constitutions. 2. Based on the Duncan method, significant differences were observed among the Five Woons in height, weight and BMI (p<0.1). For height, the score of Wood constitution was lowest. For weight the core of Soil constitution was lowest. 3. Based on the Duncan method, at the significant level (p<0.1), the Five Woons were different in each year (Gapsul year, Eulhae year, Gyeyoo year) for 28 items in the questionnaires: Q1, Q2,Q3, Q7, Q8, Q11, Q12, Q15, Q18, Q19, Q21, Q22, Q24, Q26, Q27 and Q28. Conclusions: Further clinical research is necessary to characterize five constitutions and also develop more delicate analyses and questionnaires. Also the diagnosis and corresponding treatments based on the Five Woons should be further studied in view of the Asian medicine.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2002

This case is about the patient who has experienced available effect as a result of executing the treatment of physical constitution after deteriorating by symptoms being R/O because of side effects by Western medicine during the treatment by Western medicine after having diagnosis of melancholia. In the beginning of being clouded consciousness, it has paralleled the treatment by Oriental medicine and Western medicine. After restoration of consciousness the treatment by Oriental medicine was only executed. As a result of that, the initial symptoms and the existing melancholia have gotten better, and then it presented that the normal daily life would be available. We could examine that the treatment of physical constitution had available effect against melancholia. And it needs to widen it to the disorder of psychoneurosis hereafter. Also it showed that it needs systematic clinical research.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.9-13
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• 2020

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a traditional Korean medicine optimized for personalized medicine, and despite its effective clinical efficacy, the inaccuracy of constitutional diagnosis has been pointed out as a limitation. To improve the accuracy, a constitutional analysis algorithm based on quantitative data was developed. In this study, a constitutional analysis experience system applied with the algorithm was developed and repeatability was evaluated. The system analyzes the constitution of the experiencer by collecting front and side facial images, audio, and questionnaire and calculating the integrated constitution probability value. To evaluate the repeatability of the probability values of the system was performed five times each for three people, and the coefficient of variation was 4.778%, indicating that the repeatability was sufficient. The system could contribute to the promotion of the awareness of Sasang medicine.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-126
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• 2009

1. Objective TS-QSCD (The Two-Step Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) is one of the self-reporting Sasang-Constitutional diagnosis questionnaires and one constituted by a two-step discriminant function. The process of TS-QSCD is as follows. During the first step, the testers are classified into two groups: the Yangin(陽人) group and Eumin(陰人) group. Following this, the Yangin group is divided into the Soyangin group and Taeyangin group likewise the Eumin group is divided into the Taeumin group and Soeumin group. This questionnaire has the merits of an ordinary questionnaire with four discriminant functions and a decision tree method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and standardize TS-QSCD 2. Materials and Methods TS-QSCD was administered to 352 random informants who were examined by professionals. Reliability was tested by inter-item consistency using cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and validity was tested by a two step discriminant function. Cross tabulation Analysis was also used to look into the distribution of responses among the groups. 3. Result 1) The reliability of TS-QSCD was relatively valid. The internal consistency of TS-QSCD (AB) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.815, and TS-QSCD (AC) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.832. 2) There was a significant difference in points between Eumin group teens and other age groups, between those of Soeumin teens and other age groups. 3) TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 65.0%. When using 61 questions and four discriminant function as with ordinary methods, TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 74.9%. 4. Conclusion 1) TS-QSCD that complements the merits of existing questionnaires is effective in diagnosing Sasang constitutions. 2) Deleting duplicate questions is thought to be one of the reasons for the decreased validity rate. 3) The lower the validity of the first step, the more we should build up at each second steps a way to rescue the groups which were assigned wrongly during the first steps. 4) This standardization of TS-QSCD would be helpful in making a program for diagnosing the Sasang Constitution