• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1989년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; Seoul, Korea; 27-28 Oct. 1989
• /
• pp.999-1004
• /
• 1989

This paper discusses a new method of recognizing patterns employing consistent labeling. A consistent labeling problem is a generalized expression of constraint satisfaction problems. When a pattern is recognized by pattern matching, the matching between a reference pattern and an acquired pattern resolves itself into finding correspondence between the pixels on the former and those on the latter. This can be expressed as a consistent labeling problem. Pattern association, a variation of pattern recognition, is also described employing consistent labeling. The proposed technique is supported by experimental results, yet further studies need to be done before its practical use.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
• /
• pp.442-445
• /
• 1996

This paper proposes a technique for analyzing mutual relation of an entangled cord by consistent labeling. Cords are often entangled unexpectedly and sometimes they even produce knots. The purpose of this study is to provide an algorithm to resolve such entangled cords automatically. It may as well have applications in future to recognizing the structure of tree branches, angiography, abdominal intestines, etc.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제59권1호
• /
• pp.119-139
• /
• 2022

This paper deals with the λ-labeling and L(2, 1)-coloring of simple graphs. A λ-labeling of a graph G is any labeling of the vertices of G with different labels such that any two adjacent vertices receive labels which differ at least two. Also an L(2, 1)-coloring of G is any labeling of the vertices of G such that any two adjacent vertices receive labels which differ at least two and any two vertices with distance two receive distinct labels. Assume that a partial λ-labeling f is given in a graph G. A general question is whether f can be extended to a λ-labeling of G. We show that the extension is feasible if and only if a Hamiltonian path consistent with some distance constraints exists in the complement of G. Then we consider line graph of bipartite multigraphs and determine the minimum number of labels in L(2, 1)-coloring and λ-labeling of these graphs. In fact we obtain easily computable formulas for the path covering number and the maximum path of the complement of these graphs. We obtain a polynomial time algorithm which generates all Hamiltonian paths in the related graphs. A special case is the Cartesian product graph K_n☐K_n and the generation of λ-squares.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of current nutrition labeling on the packaging of the processed foods that provide consumers with a reliable and consistent source of information, which has been considered as a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in daily life. The 2,160 processed foods purchased at the supermarket on September, 2002, were divided by food category issued from the 2002 food codes and assessed in the terms of the nutrition composition labeling and nutrition claims. Nutrition composition labeling was found on 356 of the 2160 processed foods items. Milk and dairy products had 49.7％ of nutrition composition labeling, which was the largest number among the food category. Tables were most frequently used as the type of nutrition composition labeling (79.8％). Nutrition composition including many different ways of expression, such as a table of nutrition composition, indication of nutrition composition, analysis table of nutrition composition and comparative table of nutrition composition, made frequent use of nutrition composition labeling titles (78.7％). The various unit of measures were use in the nutrition labeling of the processed foods, per l00g or 100$m\ell$ was the highest (44.6％) under the currently practiced nutrition labeling. The correct labeling standard with nutrient content and ％ RDA except energy, was used on 47.8％ of labels, and those with only liability indication nutrient and liability indication nutrients plus discretion indication nutrients were 25.3 and 22.5％ respectively. The processed foods with nutrition claims were 8.0％ (172 items). Nutrition claims were divided in two ways: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used claims were contained in the former (44.4％) and more or plus in the latter case (16.3％). Ca was the most popular item as a nutrition claim nutrient (50.6％).

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2009

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by inappropriate prescription are responsible for major socioeconomic loss. Drug-drug interactions (DDI) has been recognized as a major part of ADRs and, therefore, healthcare professionals should prevent possible DDIs to minimize preventable ADRs. This study aimed to examine DDI information in drug information references and Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) drug labeling information. Drug ingredients from the formulary of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea (HIRA) were included for the study. DDI information source used for the study were Micromedex Drugdex and Drug Information Facts (DIF) with the DDI severity level of "moderate" or more. The DDI information in KFDA drug labeling were collected and compared. Drug ingredients were classified with KFDA Drug Classification and ATC Classification of WHO for the analysis. Among the total 1,355 drug ingredients satisfying inclusion criteria, 738 ingredients involved at least one DDI, which was described in Micromedex and/or DIF. Drug Ingredients of 176 involved DDI only described in KFDA drug labeling, but not Micromedex nor DIF. Drug ingredients of 35 which DDIs were described in Micromedex or DIF did not have DDI based on KFDA drug labeling. Micromedex and DIF retrieved 7,582 and 3,071 DDIs, respectively 57.6% and 58.5% of DDIs were also described in KFDA drug labeling. Central nervous system (CNS) drugs, cardiovascular system (CVS) drugs and the antiinfectives appeared to have higher frequency of DDIs among all drug classes. The highest number of DDIs with high severity level ("contraindicated" or "major") were the DDIs of CNS drugs. The antiinfectives are the second drug group having serious DDIs. The DDI pairs of the CNS drug and the antiinfective had the highest contraindication risk (13.6%). DDI information from Micromedex and DIF were not consistent with the result that only 465 ingredients' DDIs are common in both literature (total DDI numbers were 715 vs 488, respectively). And 1,652 DDI information are common in both references among 7,582 vs 3,071 DDIs, respectively. Only 55.2% of DDI information in the database contained in the KFDA drug labeling. Prescribers and pharmacists should pay attention to the drugs for CV system, CNS and infections because of higher risk of possible DDIs compared to other drug classes. KFDA drug labeling is not likely to be recommended as a good information source for DDI due to significant inconsistency of information. Drug information providers should be aware that DDI information from different sources are not consistent and therefore multiple references should be used.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제38권12호
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to determine what factors influence risk perceptions of females and males for milk produced using food-related biotechnology, to test whether risk perceptions or other factors influence self-protection actions and to estimate milk demand response in light of self-protection actions and other economic and demographic factors. The expected utility model was applied to explain the way consumers would take self-protection actions regarding risk perceptions and to drive milk demand. Telephone interviews were conducted and the data were collected from households(females=1,029, males=437) nationwide in the U.S. And the data were analyzed by Heckman two-step method using the software package LIMDEP. Risk perceptions were found to be influenced not by demographic factors but by outrage factors as well as attitudinal factors in both females and males, although some factors were different. In addition, risk perceptions and labeling availability were found to significantly influence self-protection actions in both groups. Furthermore, as an important concern in this study, self-protection action was found to significantly influence milk demand in only male group, implying a consistent behavior of males. Also milk price and household size were found to significantly influence milk demand in both groups. In fact, the results did demonstrate that labeling availability significantly influenced self-protection actions. That is, in markets where labeled laternatives were present, concerned consumers were more likely to self protect by substituting to these products. A policy implication of this result is that labeling food products produced using biotechnology enhances consumer choice. Hence, consumer could express a more accurate demand response and reduce the perceived food safety risk. Furthermore, education for females might be necessary to have a consistent behavior because self-protection action did not significantly influence female's milk demand, though they have greater risk perceptions than males have.

• 정보관리연구
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 도서관 모바일 웹사이트의 구조를 분석하여 특징과 문제점을 살펴보고 이를 통해 올바른 인포메이션 아키텍처 방향에 대해 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 미국과 캐나다 8개 대학도서관의 모바일 웹사이트를 조사하였고 정보구조와 내비게이션 체계, 레이블링 체계를 기준으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 연구대상 도서관들의 모바일 웹사이트의 정보구조는 선형구조였다. 조사대상 각 도서관에서는 메인화면에서 4~15개의 메뉴를 제공하고 있었으며, 공통적인 메뉴는 자료검색과 도서관안내 메뉴이며, 대부분의 도서관에서 PC용 웹사이트의 연결, 문의, 뉴스 등을 제공하고 있었다. 둘째, 도서관의 모바일 웹사이트들은 대부분 서브도메인이나 서브디렉토리에 'm'이나 'mobile' 같이 모바일을 나타내는 표현을 사용해서 웹페이지의 URL을 구성하고 있었다. 마지막으로, 각 도서관 모바일 페이지의 메인레이블과 세부레이블을 표현하는 데 일관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
• /
• 제44권7호
• /
• pp.686-691
• /
• 2017

텔레마케팅은 지식정보화 사회가 되면서 기업 마케팅 활동의 중심축으로 발전하였다. 최근 금융 데이터에 기계학습을 적용하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있으며 좋은 성과를 내고 있다. 하지만 지도학습법이 대부분이어서 많은 양의 클래스가 있는 데이터가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 텔레마케팅의 목표 고객을 선정하는데 클래스가 없는 금융 데이터에 자동으로 클래스를 부여하는 방법을 제안한다. 준지도 학습법 중 레이블 전파와 의사결정나무 기반의 협동 학습으로 클래스가 없는 데이터를 레이블링한다. 신뢰도가 낮은 데이터를 제거한 후 두 방법이 같은 클래스로 예측한 데이터만 추출한다. 이를 학습 데이터에 추가한 후 의사결정나무를 학습하여 테스트 데이터로 평가한다. 제안하는 방법의 유용성을 입증하기 위해 실제 포르투갈 은행의 텔레마케팅 데이터를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 비교 실험 결과, 정확도가 83.39%로 1.82% 향상되고, 정밀도가 19.37%로 2.67% 향상되었으며, t-검증을 통해 유의미한 성능 향상이 있음을 입증하였다.

• 정보관리학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.115-138
• /
• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 인포메이션 아키텍처(IA)의 원칙에 근거하여 웹 사이트를 평가할 수 있는 정성적 및 정량적 기준을 설정하고, 이 기준을 이용하여 한국 대학사이트를 종합 평가함으로써 대학사이트 설계에 적용될 수 있는 일반적인 기본원칙을 제시하는데 있다. 이 연구에 IA 수업을 수강하고 있는 학생들이 직접 참여하여 컨덴츠조직, 네비게이션시스템 레이블링시스템 검색시스템에 대한 평가기준 및 항목들을 설정하였다. 또한 그들이 피실험자로서 이 기준을 활용하여 무작위를 추출된 27개 대학사이트에 대한 정량적 평가를 하였다. 정성적으로 상세히 분석한 대학사이트의 문제점들은 히 네 범주(컨텐츠조직, 네비게이션. 레이블링, 검색)로 구분하여 기술되었다. 이 분석결과를 토대로 체계적인 컨텐츠조직, 유연성있는 네비게이션시스템, 일관성있는 레이블링시스템, 효율적인 검색시스템을 구축하기 위해서, 대학사이트의 설계에 고려해야 할 일반적인 원칙을 제시하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.347-356
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sizing system and size designation of ready-made jackets for women. We survey the sizing system and size labeling that have been used and presently practiced by the domestic garment industry of ready-made woman's jacket. In addition, 264 tailored jackets are measured for the sake of this study. The jackets are classified into 3 groups(young, missy, and madame) according to the target age of the brand. The result shows that size labeling involves body measurements(85-94-160), size code(55, 66) or simplified letter(S, M, L). However, the correspondence of size information and ease tolerances of jackets is not consistent and each company has its own sizing system. There are significant differences among young, missy, and madame group on the bust girth of apparel in 66size code. The average apparel size piteh measurement distributions(bust girth and hip girth respectively) of young group are 9cm and 13cm in 55 size code, those of missy group are 7 em and 3 cm in 66 size code, and those of madame group are 6cm and 4cm in 77 size code. The ease of bust girth and hip girth in missy group are much more than other groups.