• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Total Economic Value (TEV) provides a framework to estimate the economic value of water resources including groundwater with multiple applications to natural resource economics and environmental economics. Crucial to the application of economic analysis to natural resources are techniques to value the resources as an economic value that is expressed in monetary terms. On the other hand, the aim of TEV estimation is to determine the economic value of water resources including 'use' with production and recreation and 'non-use' such as existence values. TEV is used to assess the economic value of water resources for the multiple goods, and environmental 'services' that are provided by a water resource and also used to assess options for water use, for example balancing production values provided by water resource use against the cost of resource degradation by that use. The value of TEV can be assessed over time where pollution or unsustainable use may reduce the economic value of an environmental asset. Therefore, values are used to assess options of resource use, sometimes leading to policies on resource conservation or allocation. In conclusion, the application of TEV would be well adjusted over Jeju Island where groundwater resources account for more than 98% water resources and the budget of water demand/supply shows disparity over the Island.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.745-751
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• 1998

The well-mixed room model has been traditionally used to predict the concentrations of contaminants in indoor environments. However, this is inappropriate because the flow fields in many indoor environments distribute contaminants non-uniformly, due to imperfect air mixing. Thus, some means used to describe an imperfectly mixed room are needed. The simplest model that accounts for imperfect air mixing is a two-zone model. Therefore, this study on development of computer program far the two-zone model is carried out to propose techniques of estimating the concentration of contaminants in the room. To do this, an important consideration is to divide a room into two-zone, i.e. the lower and upper zone assuming that the air and contaminants are well mixed within each zone. And between the zones the air recirculation is characterized through the air exchange parameter. By this basic assumption, the equations for the conservation of mass are derived for each zone. These equations are solved by using the computational technique. The language used to develope the program is a VISUAL BASIC. The value of air exchange coefficient($f_12$) is the most difficult to forecast when the concentrations of contaminants in an imperfectly mixed room are estimated by the two-zone model. But, as the value of $f_12$ increases, the air exchange between each zone increases. When the value of $f_12$ is approximately 15, the concentrations in both zone approach each other, and the entire room may be approximately treated as a single well-mixed room. Therefore, this study is available for designing of the ventilation to improve the air quality of indoor environments. Also, the two-zone model produces the theoretical base which may be extended to the theory for the multi-zone model, that will be contributed to estimate the air pollution in large enclosures, such as shopping malls, atria buildings, atria terminals, and covered sports stadia.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2010

한반도 남해안 일원에 분포하는 공룡발자국 화석산지는 파도와 조석의 영향을 받아 지속적으로 훼손되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 공룡발자국 화석의 훼손 및 멸실 등에 대비한 보존 방안과 자료의 확보가 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 천연기념물 제499호 가인리 화석산지의 공룡발자국 화석을 대상으로 디지털 사진 측량 기법을 이용하여 3D 이미지 기록을 획득하였다. 획득한 3D 이미지 자료는 공룡발자국 화석과 화석산지에 대한 형태적 정보의 영구 기록과 보존이 가능하다. 또한 공룡발자국 화석의 변화 양상을 주기적으로 측정하여 그 값을 수치적으로 비교함으로써 시간에 따른 자연적 풍화율을 수치적으로 분석할 수 있다. 이외에도 3D 모델링 기법은 발자국 화석의 형태 분석, 복제 및 전시, 홈페이지 탑재 등을 통하여 다양하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Urban streams have been severely degraded with wastewater and concrete structure over a prolonged period. The Chonggyecheon Restoration Project recovered a stream in the downtown Seoul with landscaping, plantings and bridges after the cover concrete and elevated asphalt road were removed. The project has been criticized partly because it is not an ecological restoration but rather the development of an urban park with an unnaturally straight flowing stream, artificial building structures, and artificial water pumping from the Han River. Nevertheless, the public have praised the project and almost 100,000 visitors per day come to see the reeds, catfish, and ducks. The stream restoration project is attractive to central and regional government decision makers because it increases the public concern of landscape amenity. Several projects such as Sanjichon and Kaeumjungchon are on going and proposed. These projects have a common and different respect in scope and procedure. The Chonggyecheon project in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS) reviewed the environmental impacts before development. Kaeumjungchon in the PERS and Sanjichon without EIA and PERS are reviewed. EIA and PERS systems contribute to checking the ecological sustainability of the restoration projects. A stream restoration project is a very complex task, so an integrated approach from plan to project is needed for ecologically sound restoration. Ecological stream restoration requires 1) an assessment of the entire stream ecosystem 2) establishing an ecologically sound management system of the stream reflecting not only benefits for people but also flora and fauna; 3) developing the site-specific design criteria and construction techniques including habitat restoration, flood plains conservation, and fluvial management; 4) considering the stream watershed in land use plan, EIA, PERS, and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Additionally the process needs to develop the methodologies to enhance stakeholder's participation during planning, construction, and monitoring.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2008

The problems caused by new biological organisms in Ogasawara Island of Japan include : (1) loss of native species' habitats and extinction of native species due to the multiplication of invasive species; (2) reduction of native species and confusion in the food chain in result of invasive species' predation; (3) confusion in genes due to hybridization of new and native plants; and (4) destruction of ecosystem and erosion of earth due to rapid increase of invasive species. The natural ecosystem of preserved areas in Korea is constantly confused and destroyed by new animals and plants, but Korea does not has any solutions because new animals and plants rarely affect human lives. Invasive species are manually introduced by humans and are considered disasters caused by humans. Korea is in desperate need of campaigns as the general public does not understand the seriousness of the destruction and confusion of natural ecosystem caused by new biological organisms and their indirect/direct influences on humans. It is necessary to evaluate the biological characteristics, ecological influence, and harms of invasive species in preserved areas to establish a system to manage invasive species and plan the priority removal of species that are highly harmful and locally distributed. Manual removal and suppression of new biological organisms that cause problems is effective, but it takes cost, effort, and time. Therefore, we would need to research and develop the most efficient and effective techniques and measures to manage invasive species in our ecosystem.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study analyzed characteristics of natural and human environments in Chuncheon's Gongji stream, and suggested nature-friendly planning strategies for self-purification of water quality, biodiversity improvement and conservative waterfront recreation. The environmental analysis included streambed structures, floodplain soils, water quality, vegetation, wildlife, and human facilities. Natural colonization of vegetation for the middle section of the study stream was obstructed by a straightened concrete revetment of baseflow channel, and vehicle movement and concrete parking lots across the floodplain. These human disturbances also deteriorated the naturalness of the stream landscape and limited habitation of bird species. However, natural sedimented wetlands in half of the channel width for the lower section of the stream contributed to a desirable vegetational landscape and greater bird occurrence. Based on BOD measurements, water quality of the stream fell under class $II{\sim}III$ of the stream water-quality standard, but it was worse around sewage outlets due to incomplete sewage collection especially during the dry season. Dominant fish species included typical inhabitants of good water-quality streams that are tolerant of adverse habitat changes. Nature-friendly planning strategies were established based on analysis of the environmental characteristics. They focused on not merely spatial zoning and layout divided into four zones - preservation, partial preservation, conservation and use -, but close-to-nature channel revetment techniques, natural water-purification facilities, biotope diversification, and water-friendly recreation and circulation. Strategies pursued both renewal of stream naturalness and hydraulic stability of streamflow by minimizing transformation of natural channel micro-topography and biotope, and by reflecting natural traces of streambed structures such as revetment scour and sedimentation.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 전라남도 해양수산 분야의 정책 사업들에 대한 기반기술을 호남지역 Sea Grant 사업단(이하 호남 SG)에서 확보하기 위한 연구개발 전략방안을 수립하는데 있다. 호남 SG의 목적은 과학적인 기반을 토대로 연구와 대민활동 및 교육을 전개하여 지속 가능한 호남지역 연안자원의 보존과 발전을 도모함에 있다. 전략수립을 위하여 우선, 80건의 전라남도 정책 자료와, 40건의 호남 SG 연구 자료를 입수한 후, 다섯 가지 해양수산 분야로 분류하였다. 그리고 각 분야별 자료에서 핵심단어를 발췌한 후, 핵심단어에 내포된 의미를 '실용위주', '이론위주', '미래지향', '현재지향' 등 네 가지 척도를 갖는 4분법적 의미 분할 방법을 적용하여 평가하였다. 그리고 평가결과를 기반으로 전략방안을 제안하고, 제안한 전략방안의 현장적용에 관해서 검토하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2007

에너지 절약과 환경 문제가 이슈화되면서 대표적인 전원공급장치인 SMPS의 대기모드 효율이 중요시되고 있다. 특히 많은 SMPS들이 다출력 구조로 설계됨에 따라 대기모드에서 전력손실을 줄이기가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 SSPR(Secondary Side Post Regulator)을 개발하여 단일 컨버터에서 Cross Regulation과 대기전력을 함께 해결하였다. 그리고, 다중 컨버터의 대기전력 감소를 위하여 전류모드 제어와 Power Sequence 제어기술을 제안한다. 제안된 기술은 이론적 해석과 더불어 120[W], 270[W]급 SMPS에 적용하여 그 타당성 및 우수성을 검증하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.212-235
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• 2001

인간의 주요한 경제행위로서의 어업은 현재 전세계에 걸쳐 여러 가지 문제들로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있는데, 그 가운데서 주된 내용이 자원유지와 어업행위와의 조절이다. 이에 따라 어업문제에 대한 해결과 지속적인 어업 발전의 실현에 대한 열망으로 세계 각지에서는 각기 다른 학문영역, 예를 들면 생물학, 경제학, 사회학 등 각 분야의 전문가들이 모여 생태보호 주의적 접근법(Conservation-minded techniques)이나 시장 기구에 의한 방법(Market-based instruments), 그리고 공동체에 기초한 관리(Community-centered approaches) 등과 같은 여러 가지 어업관리정책을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 여러 접근 방법 중에서 현재 세계적으로 폭넓은 지지를 받고 있는 것이 재산권에 기초한 ITQs과 협동어업관리제도(Co-management)이다. ITQ제도는 어업행위에 대한 사적 재산권의 설정을 근간으로 한다. 그러나 어업자원은 회유성이라는 자원의 본질적 성질에 의해 진정한 의미의 사유화는 어렵다. 따라서 어업자원은 완벽한 사유화가 이루어진다 하더라도 특히 어업 인구가 거대한 지역 또는 자원이 한정된 국가에 있어서는 충허용어획량의 개별 할당량이 어업에 있어서 규모의 경제와 같은 경제적 운영을 도모해 나가기에는 너무 적을 수도 있다. 그렇다면 여기에서 어떻게 어업관리를 합리적으로 운영하면 ITQ의 제도적인 이점을 이용하고, 동시에 ITQ제도의 경제적 제약을 극복할 수 있는지에 대해서 묻게 된다. 본 연구의 주목적은 이러한 의문으로부터 출발한 것으로, 협동어업관리제도에 의한 어업 할당량의 공동소유는 ITQ제도의 경제적 약점을 제거하는 동시에 그 이점을 누리는 최고의 해결책이 될 수 있다고 보고, 다음과 같은 내용에 대해 고찰하였다. 어업 문제의 본질은 어떻게 인식되는가, 어업문제 해결의 전통적 방식과 새로운 패러다임은 무엇인가, 그리하여 본 논문에서는 결론적으로 어업문제 해결의 새로운 패러다임으로서 협동어업관리 제도의 본질을 이해함과 아울러 재산권에 기반을 둔 협동업관리 제도의 통합모형을 제시하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Background : Plant breeding requires the collection of genetically diverse genetic resources. Studies on the characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum resources have not been carried out so far. The present study was carried out to discriminate P. grandiflorum based on morphological characteristics and genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Methods and Results :We collected 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars: Maries II, Hakone double white, Hakone double blue, Fuji white, Fuji pink, Fuji blue, Astra white, Astra pink, Astra blue, Astra semi-double blue and Jangbaek. Analyses of the morphological characteristics of the collection were conducted for aerial parts (flower, stem and leaf) and underground parts (root). Next, the genetic diversity of all P. grandiflorum resources was analyzed using SSR markers employing the DNA fragment analysis method. We determined that the 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars analyzed could be classified by plant length, leaf number and root characteristic. Based on the genetic diversity analysis, these cultivars were classified into four distinct groups. Conclusions : These findings could be used for further research on cultivar development using molecular breeding techniques and for conservation of the genetic diversity of P. grandiflorum. Moreover, the markers could be used for genetic mapping of the plant and marker-assisted selection for crop breeding.