• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2017

본 연구는 디지털 환경에 적용될 수 있는 디지털 눈 콘텐츠의 감성 표현 요소를 정립하는데 목적이 있다. 특히, 스마트 인형의 적용 가능한 감성을 도출하고, 각 감성에 대한 표현 요소의 가이드라인을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위하여 첫째, 문헌 정보, 애니메이션, 실제 사람의 영상을 바탕으로 눈으로 표현되는 감성 표현에 대한 개념 및 특징을 연구한다. 둘째, FGI를 통해 스마트 인형의 디지털 눈에 필요한 6가지 감정 -Happy, Angry, Sad, Relaxed, Sexy, Pure-을 정의하고, 각 감성에 따른 표현 요소를 추출하였다. 셋째, 추출된 요소를 분석하여 디지털 눈의 감성 표현에 대한 가이드라인을 정립하였다. 연구 결과 각 감성을 구분하고 표현하기 위한 요소는 눈매, 시선, 홍채 크기, 특수 효과의 총 4가지로 나타났고 각 감성 별로 구분되는 요소별 정의와 특징을 도출하였다. 얼굴 표정에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소인 눈에 대한 감성 표현 연구는 애니메이션을 포함한 디지털 콘텐츠와 로봇, 스마트 인형 등의 감성 커뮤니케이션 효과를 높일 수 있는 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify relationships of maternal psychosocial factors including mother's mood state, childcare stress, social support and sleep satisfaction with breastfeeding adaptation and immune substances in breast milk, especially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-${\beta}2$). Methods: Data were collected from 84 mothers who delivered full-term infants by natural childbirth. Structured questionnaires and breast milk were collected at 2~4 days and 6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: Scores for the breastfeeding adaptation scale were significantly related with child care stress, mood state and social support. Mother's anger was positively correlated with the level of sIgA in colostrum (p<.01). Immune substances of breastmilk was significantly influenced by time for milk collection (p<.001) and the type of breastfeeding (sIgA, p<.001, TGF-${\beta}2$, p=.003). Regression analysis showed that breastfeeding adaptation could be explained 59.1% by the type of breastfeeding, childcare stress, the Profile of Mood States, emotional support and sleep quality (F=16.67, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study provide important concepts of breastfeeding adaptation program and explanation of psychosocial factors by immune substances in breast milk. Future research, specially, bio-maker research on breast milk should focus on the ways to improve breastfeeding adaptation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Purpose - In this research, the expectation level of service of Incheon International Airport was investigated. Service expectation level is critical to the customers' satisfaction and should be managed. Regarding the expectation level of service, the concepts have been defined and introduced by some researchers including Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1993). However, due to the difficulties of measuring the level, researches on the expectation level of service have been limited. The main reason of difficulties of measuring the effects is that desired service, adequate service, perceived service, predicted service which are the conceptual components of the expectation level of service are psychologically described concepts and thus are hard to set up standards and to measure numerically. All that one can discern is that desired service level is higher than adequate service level or perceived service level is lower than predicted service level under the certain conditions, etc. Research design, data, and methodology - In this research, the level of service and factors affecting the level are investigated using the case of an Airport. The main idea of research is to investigate whether a supposed factor that is alleged to affect the expected service level is working empirically. The supposed factor is service provider's promise to provide certain level of service to customers. Results - The research results can be summarized as follow. First, service provider's promise, in this case the Airport's Service Quality Award by Airports Council International which can be regarded as objective promise to provide the certain level of service to customers is turned out to be influential to factors affecting expectation level of service. Second, service provider's promise affects to move the customers' expectation level of service upward especially the service of delivering the necessary information to customers in the airport correctly and swiftly. Conclusions - The implications of the research results are, first, customers' expectation level of service in influenced by service provider's promise, second, airport's service award increases the level of customers' service level and as a result for the airport to meet the customers' expectation level of service more efforts should be made.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to analyze the research trend centering on the theses to cancer nursing research in digestive system released in Korea. Method: The researcher collected the academic degrees and theses published on the book of the academic soceity from January 1993 to August, 2004, and examined 38 domestic papers of cancer nursing research in digestive system. Results: 1) As for the subject, the results were : patients with stomach cancer 25(66%), colon cancer 4(11%), rectal cancer 3(8%), and others(taxi drivers 2, family of cancer patents. 2) As for the research designs the result were : quantitative studies were 33(87%), and qualitative studies were 9(23%). 3) As for key concepts of survey, the results were : life patterns of patients with rectal cancer, oral intake of stomach cancer patients, fatigue of stomach cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, nursing needs when discharging from hospital after operation with gastrectomy, and so on. 4) As for the comparative studies, the results were : risk factors between colorectal patients and general population, early symptom and risk factors between stomach cancer patients and general population, and risk factors between stomach cancer and patients with gastritis. 5) As for main concepts of correlational studies, the results were : quality of life, health belief, fatigue, health promotion behavior, social support, straitanxiety. 6) The treatment of experimental research, the results were : information services, arc reflex massage, acupressure, educational program for discharge, 7)As for the qualitative studies, in terms of subjects, stomach cancer patients were 2, spouse of patients with stomach cancer was 1, rectal cancer patients were 2. In the theme of the qualitative studies, the results were: experience of family of patients with stomach cancer, experience of long term survival of patients with rectal cancer, experience of disease process of rectal cancer patiens. 8) As for the used instrument in studies, the results were : Strait-anxiety Scale by Spielberger, Nausea and Vomiting Scale by Rhodes, Social support by Tae and Lee, Health belief by Champion, Becker, and Moon. QOL by NCCN, Roh, Pdilla, Kwon, Revised Fatigue Scale by Piper, Health Locus of Control by Wallston and Wallston, Uncertainty Scale by Mishel. Conclusions: More research needs to be encouraged in various subject of cancer patients in digestive system. More nonexperimental and experimental researches should be conducted for the establishment of the basis of practical and theoretical framework and the providing good quality of care for cancer patients.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2004

국제방사선량 및 측정위원회(ICRU)가 쐐기인수를 정의하고 있지만 방사선치료계획장치는 쐐기에 관한 다른 개념을 도입하여 선량을 보정하기도 한다. 개념이 다른 인수들은 아주 다르게 정의되어 있기 때문에 그 값도 용납될 수 없을 정도로 다를 수 있어서 심각한 선량오차가 발생될 수 있다. 설치된 방사선치료기(Cinac 21EX, Varian, 미국)에는 물질쐐기(위와 아래)와 위턱에 의한 쐐기 기능이 있고 방사선치료계획장치(RTPS)로 Eclipse(Varian, 미국)와 Pinnacle$^{3}$(ADAC, 미국)가 사용되고 있다. 물질쐐기와 기능상쐐기의 쐐기인수, 쐐기상대출력인수 및 쐐기출력인수를 물팬톰에서 이온함으로 측정하여 조사면크기와 쐐기위치, 쐐기각, X선 투과력, 측정조건에 따라 분석하고 비교하였다. 기능상쐐기가 물질쐐기에 비해 여러 가지 요인에 크게 영향을 받으며, 기능상쐐기의 쐐기인수 등에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인은 조사면크기와 쐐기각 이었다. X선 투과력도 쐐기인수 등에 약간의 영향을 미쳤다. 쐐기에 관련된 상이한 개념의 인수는 그 값이 6 MV는 63%, 15 MV는 59% 이상 다를 수 있기 때문에 선량오차를 줄이기 위해 방사선치료계획장치에 활용되는 인수를 파악하고 RTPS에 합당한 값을 입력해야 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.209-232
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• 2016

This study analyzed the process of steps in a program introducing Renzulli's enrichment triad model and various levels of posing open-ended problems of those who participated in the program for mathematics-gifted elementary students. As results, participants showed their abilities of problem posing related to real life in a program introducing Renzulli's enrichment triad model. From eighteen mathematical responses, gifted students were generally outstanding in terms of producing problems that demonstrated high quality completion, communication, and solvability. Amongst these responses from fifteen open-ended problems, all of which showed that the level of students' ability to devise questions was varied in terms of the problems' openness (varied possible outcomes), complexity, and relevance. Meanwhile, some of them didn't show their ability of composing problem with concepts, principle and rules in complex level. In addition, there are high or very high correlations among factors of mathematical problems themselves as well as open-ended problems themselves, and between mathematical problems and open-ended problems. In particular, factors of mathematical problems such as completion, communication, and solvability showed very high correlation with relevance of the problems' openness perspectives.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.161-179
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• 2014

Added value of music industry in Korea is not distributed and calculated properly, and this obstacle brings various problems in a creative environment. Meanwhile, a new business model such as Open Collaboration, Crowdsourcing and platform that makes decisions and innovation from external resources has been appeared in commercial area. This new model like a composer delivers to consumers directly through Youtube.com, and multi collaboration is applied to the music industry, and it enables a new type of mechanism for creation, distribution, division, and calculation of music. However there are not enough empirical study of the music market because existing relative researches has been centered around fundamental concepts and application methodologies. This research defines Open Collaboration Platform in the music industry, and studies affecting factors of Participation Intention for example Justice, Information System Quality and Perceived Value. For a survey we apply PLS(Partial Least Square) to analyse Equity, Information System Quality and structural equation between Perceived Value and Participation Intention. Analysis results show Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice affects Platform Trust, and Service Quality, Economical Value and Emotional Value affects Platform Usefulness. Also Platform Trust and Platform Usefulness affects Platform Participation Intention. We discussed academic and practical implication based on research results.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1531-1542
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• 2000

In this paper, we examined the depression of stroke patient's caregivers and analyzed influencing factors of the depression. The subjects were 215 caregivers who have takencare of stroke survivors in their home. The conceptual model of this study consisted of the caregiver's depression, perceived burden, illness intrusiveness, and patient's ADL. Modified Korean CES-D, modified subjective and objective Burden Scale, Illness intrusiveness(II), and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL) were used to measure concepts. Path analysis was used to test the model of this study. The results were as follows: 1. The mean depression score was 11.6 which was below the cut-off score of the CES-D. This score indicates that the subjects were higher than normal adults' mean score but not depressive. Eighty-six out of 215 caregivers(40%) were above the cut-off score. This finding was different from previous research results, and the reason might be the patients' capability of ADL. In a group of low capability patient's activities of daily living, caregiver's depression score was 15.5. 2. Caregiver's depression was positively related to caregiver's burden and illness intrusiveness, but negatively related to patient's activities of daily living. 3. The caregiver's perceived burden and illness intrusiveness directly influenced on their depression. Furthermore, the and caregiver's illness intrusiveness led to depression indirectly through their burden. A patient's activities of daily living didn't influence directly on depression but indirectly through caregiver's illness intrusiveness and burden.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2015

Purpose: The process of designing a questionnaire is complicated. Many questionnaires on nursing phenomena have been developed and used by nursing researchers. The purpose of this paper was to discuss questionnaire design and factors that should be considered when using existing scales. Methods: Methodological issues were discussed, such as factors in the design of questions, steps in developing questionnaires, wording and formatting methods for items, and administrations methods. How to use existing scales, how to facilitate cultural adaptation, and how to prevent socially desirable responding were discussed. Moreover, the triangulation method in questionnaire development was introduced. Results: Steps were recommended for designing questions such as appropriately operationalizing key concepts for the target population, clearly formatting response options, generating items and confirming final items through face or content validity, sufficiently piloting the questionnaire using item analysis, demonstrating reliability and validity, finalizing the scale, and training the administrator. Psychometric properties and cultural equivalence should be evaluated prior to administration when using an existing questionnaire and performing cultural adaptation. Conclusion: In the context of well-defined nursing phenomena, logical and systematic methods will contribute to the development of simple and precise questionnaires.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.129-157
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• 2017

Knowledge is important to both individuals and organizations. Individuals can have the opportunity to have bargaining power within their organisations by having knowledge of know-how and ideas. Having ample knowledge of the organization can bring about advantages in securing competitive advantage. Organization wants to encourage employees to share knowledge. Despite the efforts to enhance knowledge sharing, often the effort failed. Employees are unwilling to share their knowledge or hide their knowledge. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing based on exploring the influence factors of knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing. As a result, the influence factors of knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing were different. The influences of knowledge hiding influenced knowledge hiding only and did not affect knowledge sharing. This implies that knowledge hiding and knowledge sharing do not exist on a single line but exist independently of each other, such as 'Herzberg's two-factor theory'. This study suggests that knowledge hiding is a field of interest as well as knowledge sharing. In practice, it is suggested that the concept of promoting knowledge sharing is not a way to reduce knowledge hiding, so the two concepts should be managed separately.