• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.475-480
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• 2005

Lab scale experimental study was carried out for SBR process, to investigate the effects of influent ship sewage organic compound removal and Bacillus sp. state on design parameters. This process was able to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic matter efficiently. More than $92.0\%$ of chemical oxygen demand(COD) were removed. In addition, about $84.0\%$ of total nitrogen (T-N) was reduced. The total phosphorus(T-P) reduction averaged $93\%$. The performance load of SBR process was shown to be $0.095kg{\cdot}TOC/m3{\cdot}day$. The pH was decreased from 8.1 to 7.0 within 30 min and increased to 7.3 at the end of anoxic stage, and these phenomena were explained. The sludge produced in the SBR process is characterized by low generation rate (about $0.36kg{\cdot}MLSS/kg{\cdot}TOC$) and excellent settleability. The number of Bacillus sp. in the SBR was $24.2\%$, indicating that Bacillus sp. was a predominant species in the reactor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1659-1664
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• 2012

TSAHC [4'-(p-toluenesulfonylamido)-4-hydroxychalcone] is a promising antitumorigenic chalcone compound, especially against TM4SF5 (four-transmembrane L6 family member 5)-mediated hepatocarcinoma. We evaluated the potential of TSAHC to inhibit the catalytic activities of nine cytochrome P450 isoforms and of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The abilities of TSAHC to inhibit phenacetin O-deethylation (CYP1A2), coumarin 6-hydroxylation (CYP2A6), bupropion hydroxylation (CYP2B6), amodiaquine N-deethylation (CYP2C8), diclofenac 4-hydroxylation (CYP2C9), omeprazole 5-hydroxylation (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan O-demethylation (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation (CYP2E1), and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation (CYP3A) were tested using human liver microsomes. The P-gp inhibitory effect of TSAHC was assessed by [$^3H$]digoxin accumulation in the LLCPK1-MDR1 cell system. TSAHC strongly inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 isoform activities with $K_i$ values of 0.81, 0.076, and $3.45{\mu}M$, respectively. It also enhanced digoxin accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in the LLCPK1-MDR1 cells. These findings indicate that TSAHC has the potential to inhibit CYP2C isoforms and P-gp activities in vitro. TSAHC might be used as a nonspecific inhibitor of CYP2C isoforms based on its negligible inhibitory effect on other P450 isoforms such as CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 2010

An innovative application of surfactant-enhanced air sparging(SEAS) technique was developed in this study. Using a laboratory-scale physical model packed with water-saturated sand, air sparging was implemented to remove water-dissolved toluene that was introduced into a specific depth of the system with finite vertical width prior to sparging. An anionic surfactant(Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) was introduced into the contaminated layer as in dissolved form in the toluene-contaminated solution for SEAS, whereas no surfactant was applied in the control experiment. Due to the suppressed surface tension of water in the surfactant(and toluene)-containing region, the toluene removal rate increased significantly compared to those without surfactant. More than 70% of the dissolved toluene was removed from the contaminated layer for SEAS application while less than 20% of toluene was removed for the experiment without surfactant. Air intrusion into the contaminated layer during sparging was found to be more effective than that without surfactant, enhancing air contact with toluene-contaminated water, which resulted in improved volatilization of contaminant. This new method is expected to open a new option for remediation of VOC(volatile organic compound)-contaminated aquifer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2013

Imagine a world where we could biomanufacture hybrid nanomaterials having atomic-scale resolution over functionality and architecture. Toward this vision, a fundamental challenge in materials science is how to design and synthesize protein-like material that can be fully self-assembled and exhibit information-specific process. In an ongoing effort to extend the fundamental understanding of protein structure to non-natural systems, we have designed a class of short peptides to fold like proteins and assemble into defined nanostructures. In this talk, I will talk about new strategies to drive the self-assembled structures designing sequence of peptide. I will also discuss about the specific interaction between proteins and inorganics that can be used for the development of new hybrid solar energy devices. Splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen is one of the promising pathways for solar to energy convertsion and storage system. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been regarded as a major bottleneck in the overall water splitting process due to the slow transfer rate of four electrons and the high activation energy barrier for O-O bond formation. In nature, there is a water oxidation complex (WOC) in photosystem II (PSII) comprised of the earthabundant elements Mn and Ca. The WOC in photosystem II, in the form of a cubical CaMn4O5 cluster, efficiently catalyzes water oxidation under neutral conditions with extremely low overpotential (~160 mV) and a high TOF number. The cluster is stabilized by a surrounding redox-active peptide ligand, and undergo successive changes in oxidation state by PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer) reaction with the peptide ligand. It is fundamental challenge to achieve a level of structural complexity and functionality that rivals that seen in the cubane Mn4CaO5 cluster and surrounding peptide in nature. In this presentation, I will present a new strategy to mimic the natural photosystem. The approach is based on the atomically defined assembly based on the short redox-active peptide sequences. Additionally, I will show a newly identified manganese based compound that is very close to manganese clusters in photosystem II.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

Objectives : Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods : In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 ~ 400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results : The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug / 30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions : In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

Gulbi were made by salting Yellow corvenia (Pseudosciaena manchurica) with the in three ways: the dry salting method with bay salt, the dry salting method with purified salt or with the abdominal brine injection method with purifie salt. The half of the sample was dried by the control system of temperature and humidity: the other part was dried by the natural condition. In fresh muscle, the content of IMP, hypoxanthine, inosine and AMP were $13.40,\;9.28,\;3.01{\mu}mole/g$ and trace amount, dry basis, respectively. In fresh egg, the content of AMP, hypoxanthine, inosine and IMP were 13.98, 6.56, 1.98 and $1.93{\mu}mole/g$, dry basis, respectively. During the drying process of Yellow corvenia, the content of hypoxanthine increased remarkably, while the content of AMP, IMP and inosine decreased ana remained as trace amount. It can be suggested that the characteristic flavor of Gulbi is not attributed to the nucleotides and their related compounds but rather to free amino acids.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

To get basic data for the utilization of Pinkpop Borisu fruit and leaf as a raw material in functional food, antioxidative activities were investigated. The radical scavenging activity of various solvent fraction from fruit and leaf against the DPPH and ABTS radicals increased with the increasing amount of various solvent fractions and butanol fraction of leaf showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activities. Among the various solvent fractions from fruit and leaf of Pinkpop Borisu, butanol fraction of leaf showed the strongest scavenging effect on ABTS radicals. Reducing power and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of the various solvent fractions from fruit and leaf increased with the increasing concentration of fractions and butanol fraction of leaf showed the highest reducing power. The butanol fraction of fruit and leaf showed strong antioxidative activity on linoleic acid system. Total phenolics contents of butanol fraction from fruit and leaf were 106.34 and 252.46 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of the butanol fraction from fruit and leaf are attributed to phenolic compounds. The present results suggest that butanol fraction of Pinkpop Borisu leaf would have the protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2006

SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber; 25 wt% of solid contents) nanocomposites reinforced with OLS(organically modified layered silicates) were manufactured via the latex method. Two types of OLS are prepared, i.e. dodecylamine (primary amine) modified montmorillonite (DA-MMT) and N, N-dimethyldodecylamine (tertiary amino) modified MMT (DDA-MMT). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the layer distance of OLS and the morphology of the nanocomposites. SBR nanocomposites reinforced with ternary phase filler (carbon black/silica/OLS) systems also manufactured. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was performed on these composites to determine the loss factor (tan $\delta$) over a range of temperature($-20^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$). The results showed that there was significant changes on the values or tan $\delta$ with the addition of small amount of the OLS. By increasing the contents of OLS, the values of tan $\delta$ at $0^{\circ}C$ increased but those of tan $\delta$ at $60^{\circ}C$ decreased with increasing OLS contents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.440-445
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• 2017

We evaluated the antioxidative activity of extracts of P. lobata root depending on roasting conditions. P. lobata roots were roasted at three different temperature at $150^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, and $250^{\circ}C$ and three different time at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min respectively. Roasted P. lobata root was extracted using water at $85^{\circ}C$ for 6 h and filtered using filter paper, followed by then evaporated ($12{\pm}0.3^{\circ}Brix$) and freeze-dried. The concentration of maker compound puerarin was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography system. 2 phenolic compounds, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of the extract powder were evaluated. Puerarin contents, Phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents of roasted P. lobata root were higher than those of unroasted P. lobata root. The results of DPPH and ABTS showed that roasted P. lobata root possessed higher antioxidant activity than unroasted P. lobata root. This study suggested that roasting process could be applied to P. lobata root in order to achieve its high quality and functionality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2021

To utilize Malus pruniforia Borkh. as a functional material, cold-water (CW), hot-water (HW), and 70% ethanol (EtOH) extracts were prepared, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were compared. The antioxidant activity of the HW extract evaluated by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activity was significantly effective. The total polyphenol content of the HW extract was also higher by 15.5±0.7 mg GAE/g extract compared to other extracts. The EtOH extract showed significantly decreased TNF-α (39.8%), IL-6 (65.5%), and NO (34.9%) levels in RAW 264.7 cells compared to the LPS-induced control group. The levels of IL-6 (21.1%) and IL-8 (19.3%) were significantly decreased by treatment of EtOH extract in HaCaT keratinocytes induced with TNF-α and IFN-γ. The UHPLC-MS results indicated that the EtOH extract might have chlorogenic acid and phlorizin as the major compounds. This was validated using HPLC-DAD, which showed that the EtOH extract had higher levels of chlorogenic acid and phlorizin (1,185±58 and 470±10 ㎍/g extract, respectively). In conclusion, the present study suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of the EtOH extract was more effective than the CW and HW extracts, and chlorogenic acid and phlorizin could be used as indicator compounds and functional substances.