• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.532-546
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• 1993

This study was done to investigate the effects of different dietary oils on hepatic mitochondrial lipid compositon, adenine nucleotide translocase(AdNT) and ATPase activities in carcinogen treated rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 50∼60g, were fed three different types of dietary oil, beef tallow(BT), corn oil(CO) and sardine oil(SO) at 15% by weight for 14 weeks. Three weeks after feeding rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine(200mg/Kg BW). After five weeks rate fed 0.02% acetylaminofluorene contating diet for 6 weeks, and after seven weeks 0.05% phenobarbital containing diet for 7 weeks. At 14th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic mitochondrial lipid composition, AdNT and ATPase activities were determined. Percent liver weight per body weight was significantly by carcinogen treatment. Analysis of mitochondrial lipid composition showed that body cholesterol and phospholipid contents were not affected by dietary oils but significantly increased by carcinogen treatment. Individual phospholipid composition as well as phosphatidyl ethanolamine/phosphatidyl choline ratio were altered by either dietary oils or carcinogen treatment. Fatty acid composition was changed by dietary oils but not much by carcinogen treatment. AdNT activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen treated groups. ATPase activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen nontreated groups. These data indicate that both dietary oils and caricinogen treatment can change mitochondrial lipid composition and thereby change AdNT and ATPase activities. Particularly effects of carcinogen treatment on cholesterol/phopholipid ratio, phospholipid compositon and ATPase activity were different among dietary oil groups. Therefore it is suggested that different dietary oils can somewhat modulate the changes of mitochnodrial lipid composition and membrane bound enzyme activites during hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 1997

The headspace volatiles of the Korean ginseng and the Chinese ginseng were extracted using the SepPak Cl8 cartridge (Wasters Co.) and were analyzed using GC/MSD. The overall GC pattern of the headspace volatiles of the Chinese ginseng was similar to that of the Korean ginseng, but the composition ratios of the two major components, $\beta$-panasinsene to $\beta$-muurolene, were quite different between them. The composition ratios of $\beta$-panasinsene to $\beta$-muurolene of the Korean red and white ginseng were 1.02$\pm$0.28 (n=19) and 1.49$\pm$0.55 (n=14) , respectively. However the com- position ratios of the Chinese red and dried ginseng were 0.58$\pm$0.19 (n=41) and 0.57$\pm$0.17 (n=28), repetitively, which were significantly lower than those of the Korean ginseng at I% level. The composition ratio of the two major headspace volatile components, $\beta$-panasinsene to ${\gamma}$-muurolene, is thought to be as a useful indicator for differentiating the Chinese ginseng with the Korean ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to examine the influence of exorcise program to body shape and body composition of women. Exercise program is composed muscular resistance exercise and aerobic exorcise with 70min/time, 5day/week for 4weeks and designed for the reinforcement of muscular strength and the decease the decrease of obesity. Methods : The subjects of this study are 26 females who are from twenty until thirty-nine years old and are divided into two groups according to Obese Rate. normal weight group is 18 females under a BMI of 23 and overweight group is 8 females over a BMI of 23. we measured body compositon and body shape with body composition analyzer(inbody 3.0) measured body compositions are body weight, Lean body mass, base metabolic rate, body fat, %body fat, waist hip ratio, body mass index. measured 6body shade are upper arm circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference. the measurements had been taken before exercise of each group, after 4 weeks, after 8 weeks, after 12 weeks. Body compositon and body shape of the measured data were analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA followed by Dunnett's Post hoc test using SPSS. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results and Conclusions : The weight was reduced at a significant level in overweight group after 4 weeks. Body fat percent was reduced at a significant level in normal group alter 4 weeks and overweight group after 8 weeks. Waist-hip ratio was reduced at a significant level in normal and overweight group after 4 weeks. Lean body mass and body metabolic rate were reduced but did not satisfy statistical significance. Circumference of all body parts showed an decrease after 12 weeks exercise program. Upper Arm, Chest, Waist, Hip Circumference were reduced at a significant level in overweight group after 4 weeks, but In normal group only Waist Circumference was reduced at a significant level after 4 weeks. Aerobic and Circuit weight training for 12 weeks reduced body weight and body fat percent, waist circumstance statistically significant without loss of lean body mass and body metabolic rate. Also these change was more effective in overweight group than in normal group.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.340-353
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• 2015

Purpose. This study of purpose was to to compare of Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity between Sasang Constitutions and ACE Gene Polymorphism. Methods. 24 healthy males were participated in this experiment who were in their twenties and had no disease, then they were divided by ACE type and by Sasang constitutions with QSCC II. According to these group, the body compositon, Aerobic capacity including VO2max, Anaerobic Capacity were measured. Results. In this study, According to ACE type, ID type were 8, II were 8 and DD type were 8 persons. According to ACE type, there were significant difference among type, especially, II, ID type more than DD. II type is more higher than any type and DD type is lower in the ratio of Blood Lactic recovery. DD type was more excellent than other type in Anaerobic power. According to Sasang Constitutions, there were 8 SoYang, 5 Taeum, 11 Soeum and then no TaeYang constitution. In Aerobic capacity, Taeum constitution had significantly high means and Anaerobic threshold. In the ratio of Blood lactic recovery, Taeum constitution was excellent and SoYang had poor recovery capacity. SoYang had more excellent than other constitution significantly in Anaerobic capacity. Comparing ACE type with Sasang constitution, Soyang constitution included 4 ID types, Taeum inclued 2 II types and 2 ID types then Soeum included 6 DD types. Compared of Aerobic and Anaerobic capacity between Sasang constitutions and ACE type, Soyang constitutions were similar to ID type, Taeum similar to II type and ID type and then Soeum were DD type. Conclusions. This study had made it clear that there were similar feature between ACE type and Sasang constitutions. Also it's possible to predict the Aerobic capacity that may be foreseen by ACE type with Sasang questionnaire method but not Anaerobic capacity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.802-811
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the dietary patterns of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition in serum, 2) determine selenium (Se) concentrations, and 3) investigate how serum fatty acid compositon affects serum levels of Se in Korean elementary school children. The subjects consisted of 168 school children(82 boys & 86 girls) belonging to 1st through 6th grades, and their dietary assessment was evaluated. The serum fatty acid composition was analyzed by GLC, and the ICP/MS method was employed to measure serum Se concentration. Total average intake of PUFA, MUFA and SFA were 10.5g, 12.7g, 11.2g respectively. Total average dietary P/M/S ratio was 1.10/1.18/1.0. The average intake of $\omega$3 fatty acids and $\omega$6 fatty acids were 1.33g, 9.19g, respectively. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3ratio was 14.2 which is higher than the recommended range. In serum fatty acid composition, PUFA, MUFA, SFA were 40.6%, 28.1% and 31.6% respectively. The average $\omega$3 fatty acid composition was 3.80%, and the mean value of $\omega$6 series was 36.8%. The M/S ratio of girls was significantly higher than boy's in fatty acids intake and in serum composition. Mean Se concentration of total subjects was 416.7ug/l and it was significantly higher in the lower grades(1st-3rd)than in the upper grades(4th~6th, p<0.05). Although the mean serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with PUFA composition in total boys and girls, it was not significant. Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with P/S ratio and C24:1 concentration(p<0.05). In addition, serum composition of $\omega$6 PUFA and C24:1 showed negative correlations with serum Se in only lower grades girl(1st~3rd), and further studies are needed to clarify in these phenomena. In conclusion, the mean serum Se concentration was significantly lower in upper grades (4th~6th)than in lower grades(1st~3rd) of elementary school children and was negatively correlated with P/S ratio of serum fatty acids. More detailed studies on relationship between Se and fatty acids are required.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.142-160
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• 1996

Petrological and geochemical characteristics of A-type granite were studied from the Namsan and Tohamsan granites in the vicinity of Kyeongju city, southeastern Korea. The Namsan granite consists of hypersolvus alkali-feldspar granite in the northern part and subsolvus alkali-feldspar to biotite granite in the southern part. This hypersolvus granite usually has miarolitic cavities and is characteristically composed of quartz, single homogeneous one-feldspar (alkali feldspar) forming tabular microperthite crystals, or micrographic intergrowth with quartz, and interstitial biotite (Fe-rich annite), alkali amphibole (riebeckitic arfvedsonite) and fluorite. Petrographic and petrochemical characteristics indicate that the hypersolvus granite and subsolvus granite from the Namsan belogn to the A-type and I-type granitoid, respectively. The A-type granite is petrochemically distinguished from the I-type Bulgugsa granites of Late Cretaceous in South Korea, by higher abundance of $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$, $Na_2O+K_2O$, large highly charged cations such as Rb, Nb, Y, Zr, Ga, Th, Ce. U the REEs and Ga/Al ratio, and lower abundance of $TiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, CaO, $P_2O_5$, MnO, MgO, Ba, Sr, Eu. The total abundance of REEs is 293 ppm to 466 ppm, showing extensively fractionated granitic compositon, and REEs/chondrite normalized pattern shows flat form with strong Eu '-' anomaly ($Eu/Eu^{\ast}$=0.03-0.05). A-type granite from the Namsan area is thought to have been generated late in the magmatic/orogenic cycle after the production of I-type granite and by direct, high-temperature partial melting of melt-depleted, relatively dry tonalitic/granulitic lower crustal material with underplating by mantle-derived basaltic magmas associated with subduction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.511-516
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• 1999

The effects of environmental and compositon factors, such as reaction time, metal ions, pH, agitation speed, the weight ratio of water to oil, and the weight of enzyme, on the hydrolysis of oils by Lipase-OF were investigated. In case of oils with low melting point, the optimum temperature of hydrolysis were the enzyme activity was maximum was 37$^{\circ}C$. However, when the melting temperature was higher than 4$0^{\circ}C$, the optimum temperature was around the fusion temperature. The activity of Lipase-OF decreased very rapidly with increase of temperature in the range of higher than 45$^{\circ}C$ and the activity perished above $65^{\circ}C$. The effect of agitation speed was investigated from 150 to 650 rpm. The hydrolysis of oils increased as the agitation speed increased up to 350 rpm, but it did not increase any more above 350 rpm. The weight ratio of water to oil was changed from 1 : 9 to 9 : 1 for the investigation of the effect on the hydrolusis. The weight ratio for maximum hydrolysis was 1 : 1. $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ among various metal ions had some effect on the stimulation of hydrolysis. The optimum concentration of the ions was about 100ppm at which the hydrolysis increased, compared with that of distilled water, by 2 to 3%. The Optimum pH of Lipase-OF was 7. The hydrolysis decreased as the pH decreased as the pH decreased and also decreased as the pH increased. The content of enzyme affected the hydrolysis of oil. The hydrolysis increased with the content of Lipase-OF in the range of less than 0.013 wt% of substrate. However, the increase of hydrolysis with the content of Lipase-OF ceased above 0.013 wt%. The experiments investigating the effect of environmental and composition factors on the hydrolysis of oils showed that the optimum temperature was 37$^{\circ}C$, the pH 7, the concentration of $Ca^{2+}\;or\;Mg^{2+}$ 100 ppm, the agitation speed 350 rpm, the weight ratio of water to oil 1 : 1, and the content of Lipase-OF 0.013 wt% of substrate.