• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2011

It is not clear to assume the history of dyeing by persimmon juice without an early knowledge of an accurate record. However, the beginning of persimmon dyeing in Korea is estimated to be around the $13^th$-$14^th$ century, even though there are no supporting records. On the other hand, there are definite records of persimmon dyeing in Japan from around the 17th century. Persimmon juice was originally used for fishing tools in both Korea and Japan, but upon entering the Modern Era it eventually transfigured into a dye for fabric. In Korea, persimmon-dyed fabrics were used for traditional clothing until it also became a popular choice for modern clothes in the 1990s. In Japan, persimmon juice was originally used for varnishing surfaces of household items, but it recently became a material for arts, crafts, and even apparels. The main difference between persimmon dyeing of the two countries is the presence and absence of the fermentation process. In Korea, persimmons are picked and water is immediately added to its juice to produce the dye. In contrast, Japan produces a fermented persimmon dye. As a result, in Korea the dye can not be preserved for long periods, whilst in Japan it is matured in the storage for 2-3 years. Today's pursuit of eco-friendliness and wellness has prompted an inclination towards natural material clothes. Therefore, it is necessary for both countries to push scientific research into improving the storage methods and colorfastness of persimmon-dyed products for the increase of use consumption in other areas of persimmon and arrowroot dyed fabrics, and the development of environment friendly materials.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare retrospectively the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic agents (RAL-Raloxifene 60 mg, ALD-weekly alendronate 70 mg, RSD-weekly risedronate 35 mg, AVD3-weekly alendronate 70 mg/vitamin $D_3$ 2800IU, IBD-quarterly IV ibandronate 3 mg/3 ml, ZLD-yearly IV zoledronate 5 mg/100 ml) in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Method: This study retrospectively reviewed medical record and compared the lumbar spine BMD percentage changes of each medicine group one year later from the baseline. 209 patients (27, 50, 60, 30, 35, and 7 patients in RAL, ALD, RSD, AVD3, IBD, and ZLD groups, respectively) are within the inclusion criteria for the study. Results: From baseline to month 12, lumbar spine BMD increased significantly larger with bisphosphonate groups, compared to SERM (p < 0.05). In all bisphosphonate groups, the lumbar spine BMD were increased significantly from baseline. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of IV bisphosphonates were more larger than those of oral bisphosphonates, and yearly, quarterly bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly bisphosphonate groups (p<0.05). In addition, patients receiving 70 mg weekly alendronate+vitamin D3 had greater gains in BMD than alendronate Single preparation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains than SERM. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of yearly, quarterly IV bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly oral bisphosphonate groups. In addition, vitamin D3 plays an significant role in BMD gains.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine safety of herbal medicine on liver function and compare with western medicine. Method : 303 subjects of skin disease(vitiligo and psoriasis) were chosen at a local oriental medical clinic, and tested with a spot liver function test from Sept 1, 2006 to Dec 31, 2006. Subjects were grouped into untreated, herbal medicine, western medicine, and combination group by treatment record. Total bilirubin, AST, ALT and LDH was compared in each group, odds ratio and regression coefficient was calculated. Results : Subjects comprised of 116 individuals receiving western medication(38.28%), 54 receiving herbal medication(17.82%), 107 receiving combined forms of medication(35.31%), and 26 individuals without any types of medication(8.58%). With the mean age of 37.0 yr. 204 were male(67.3%), 99 were female(32.7%). Comparing variables of liver functions, there was no significant difference between the control and experiment groups. After adjusting potential confounders, monthly $\beta$(SE) of multiple regression -0.009~0.000 for the herbal group, -0.005~0.000 for the western group, and -0.001~0.001 for the combination group. No significant difference between the groups. OR of T-bilirubin were 1.02, 1.05, and 1.04. AST were 0.92, 0.94, and 0.98. ALT were 0.85, 0.99, and 0.97. LDH were 0.96, 1.06, 1.00 for the herbal, western, and combination group, respectively. Conclusion : Comparing with western medication, herbal medication did not cause special ill-effect on the liver function based on liver function tests.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.154-168
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• 2023

Background: Legal regulations and fees have been established in Korea to provide visiting oral health care services to individuals with long-term care insurance (LTCI). However, beneficiaries of this service are very limited. Therefore, to improve the Korean system we propose a comparative analysis with the Japanese system. Methods: This study is a descriptive analysis based on secondary data, such as statistics, laws, and service record forms from Korea and Japan. The most recent institutional documents were obtained through a Google search. The variables investigated were financial resources of LTCI, co-payment structure, monthly limit of LTCI benefits, care levels of LTCI, service providers, service costs, contents of service, and the number of cases of service. Results: In both Korea and Japan, LTCI is financed through a combination of taxes and insurance premiums. However, the monthly limit for receiving LTCI services in Japan is about 2.4 times higher than in Korea. Visiting medical and dental treatment is also possible in Japan. Furthermore, nursing staff can provide daily oral health care services according to dental hygienists' instruction unlike Korea. Oral health care services in Korea are focused on oral hygiene and prevention of oral diseases, while Japan additionally provides oral function screening, patient education for oral health management, and training for nursing staff to enhance oral function, eating, and swallowing of the patients. Conclusion: We concluded that the possibility of visiting dental treatment, differences in monthly limit of LTCI benefits, oral function assessment and guidance, as well as collaboration with other healthcare professionals contributed to the difference in the frequency of utilization of visiting oral health care services between Korea and Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1996

This paper was performed to comparative study with the children's body strength status of Ethnic Korean in China and Korea. The subjects of this study were the students of each elementary school located in a rural and a urban areas in China. To compared the level of their body strength status, we investigated to the students of 2 elementary schools as comparatives group on Kojae Area in Korea. We used students' physical record in the school. The contents of the study were the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height of the subjects. To make out the level of the students' physique, we measured by Rohrer Index output through above body height and body weight of them. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the case of Ethnic Korean in China, the average body weight(kilogram) is $28.94{\pm}6.68$ in male $28.51{\pm}7.58$ in female. Comparatively, the average body weight in the case of Korean is 31. $99{\pm}7.23$ in male and $31.74{\pm}7.82$ in female. The average body height of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-5 Kilograms to that of Korean. 2. The average chest circumstance (centimeter) is $63.51{\pm}5.21$ in male $63.05{\pm}5.87$ in female of Ethnic Korean, $65.54{\pm}6.43$ in male and $64.57{\pm}7.81$ in female of Korean. Compared to between two group, the average chest circumstance of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-4 centimeters to that of Korean. 3. The average body height (centimeter) of Ethnic Korean is $135.28{\pm}8.96$ in male $134.82{\pm}9.74$ in female, and that of Korean is $136.68{\pm}9.12$ in male and $136.10{\pm}9.92$ in female. Like the preceding below results, the average body height of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-5 centimeters to that of Korean. 4. Compared to the fullness degree of physique between two group using Rohrer Index, Ethnic Korean is thiner than Korean. 5. Temporary, in case of children from 10 to 12 years old, female is superior to male through the index contained of the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height. It seems that female and male had different maximum growth age.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate their mechanical properties after laser-welding or soldering of precious and non-precious dental alloys. For this study, 30 Co-Cr alloy specimens, 15 gold alloy specimens, 15 palladium alloy specimens were casted and seperated on the middle area. 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 seperated gold alloy specimens were laser welded (GW Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 sperated gold alloy specimens were soldered by coventional soldering method (GS Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 seperated palladium alloy specimens were laser welded (PW Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 sperated palladium alloy specimens were soldered by coventional soldering method (PS Group). Tensile strength, 0.2% yield strength, % elongation were recorded in nine specimens of each group. Bending strength were record in six specimens of each group. These data for four groups were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). The fracture locations, fractured surfaces were examined by SEM(scanning electron microscope). The results were as following: 1) In the same alloy combination, the tensile strength and 0.2% yield strength and of the laser welded group with same metal combination were significantly less than soldered groups(p<0.05). 2) In the combination of Co-Cr/Palladium, the bending strength of laser welded group were significantly less than that of soldered groups(p<0.05). In the combination of Co-Cr/Gold, the bending strength of laser welded group were significantly higher than that of soldered groups(p<0.05). 3) In the same method of joint, the tensile strength and 0.2% yield strength and bending strength of the Co-Cr/gold were significantly higher than Co-Cr/palladium(p<0.05). 4) There was no significantly statistical difference between each group in the % elongation(p>0.05). 5) The fracture of the laser welded specimens occured in the welding area and a large void was observed at the center of the fracture surface. 6) The fracture of the soldered specimens occured also inthe soldered area and many porpsities were showed at the fracture sites.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-45
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to compare the health status of Korean and Chosun-Jok elementary children. To accurately achieve the purpose, a survey was conducted in Yanbian area in China and Kojae in Korea during the period of June 15 to July in 1995. This survey was performed by using two survey methods. The first was the parents' survey method. It asked structured questions about their children. The second method focused on the actual health of the children. It used the collection of children's physical records in school. Guided by the school teachers, each child distributed the questionnaires to their parents. We used stratified-cluster sampling method to determine subjects. 1,083 questionnaires of 1,749 were used to analyze the data (666 questionnaires were incomplete and were not used in the analysis). Each questionnaire matched the data of their physical record. : Body Weight, Body Height, Chest-Circumstance, Eyesight, Dental Health. Using the data, we compared the BMI(Body Mass Index) the Koreans and Chosun-Jok in China. The results of this study were as follows : Comparing the general average physique of contained body height, body weight and chest circumstance of Korean and Chosun-Jok, the general physique of Chosun-Jok is inferior to that of Korean regardless of age and sex. Meanwhile, the average physical constitution of Korean compared the Chosun-Jok (i.e. eyesight and dental hygiene), revealed that the physical constitution of Chosun-Jok is superior to that of Korean without concern of age and sex. Average BMI of Chosun-Jok is lower than that of Koreans. But, it seemed that most of the students in both groups maintain an adequate health level. In the case of children from 10 to 12 years old, females are superior to males through all data contained of the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height. It seems that females and males have a different maximum growth age. Most of the parents preferred a good physique as a good health condition for their children. The physique of each child was affected with some variables, including the number of family members, and the educational level of the parents. According to the above results, the students' physique in Korea is superior to that of Chosun-Jok in China. But, Koreans are inferior to Ethnic Koreans in China in the students' physical constitution. In conclusion, we consider Chosun-Jok in China to maintain an adequate health level in their physique and physical constitution.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different styles of mechanical implant torque wrenches before and after sterilization and repeated use. Materials and methods: Thirty new spring-style and friction-style mechanical implant torque wrenches from five different manufacturers were selected as subjects of study and assessed in terms of accuracy. Three manufacturers produced, spring-style (Dio, Neobiotech, Osstem) torque wrenches, and other three manufactures produced friction-style (Dentium, Osstem, Shinhung) torque wrenches. The procedure of target torque measurement was performed 10 times for each device and a digital torque gauge (MGT-12, Mark-10 Corp, USA) was used to record the measurements. All torque wrenches were used repeatedly for 20 times and then sterilized. This whole procedure was repeated 100 times and all torque wrenches were retested. The collected data was analyzed using a SPSS Statistics Analysis program to evaluate the accuracy of the torque wrenches and Mann-Whitney-U test was used for a comparative analysis. Results: After sterilization and repeated use procedure, results did not show any significant difference between error values in the spring-style torque wrench group. However, the results demonstrated an increase in error values within the friction-style torque wrench group (P<.05). Conclusion: There was no difference between the accuracy of new spring-style torque wrenches before and after 100 cycles of sterilization and repeated use (P>.05). There was significant difference between the accuracy of new friction-style torque wrenches before and after 100 cycles of sterilization and repeated use (P<.05). Within the limitation of this study, spring-style torque wrenches were more accurate than friction-style torque wrenches in delivering target torque values.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2023

Purpose: Childhood obesity has become a social problem due to the social distancing necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the dietary problems of obese children through various dietary assessment methods and to confirm the usefulness of each method. Methods: The subjects were 88 students in the 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who participated in the nutrition camp organised by the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education, 2020. To evaluate dietary problems and assess diet quality, 24-hour meal records, monthly food intake frequency, and Dietary Screening Test (DST) data were analyzed. Results: Of the subjects, 15.7%, 30.3%, and 53.9% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The average age was 11.77 ± 0.77 years and the average body mass index was 23.96 ± 3.01 kg/m². It was observed from the 24-hour meal record method that the overweight and obese subject groups consumed fewer green vegetables (p < 0.001) and white vegetables (p < 0.01) than the normal weight group. In the monthly food intake frequency method, the consumption of ramen (p < 0.01), snacks (p < 0.05), and sausages (p < 0.05) were high in the obese group, and that of anchovies, broccoli, and sweet pumpkin was high in the normal group (p < 0.05). The comparative data from the DST revealed that the overweight and obese groups had less vegetable intake than the normal weight group (p < 0.01) and had higher intakes of dairy products, fast food, and sweet snacks (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The usefulness of each method in the dietary evaluation of obese children was confirmed. To address the problem of obesity, it is necessary to evaluate the dietary problem and approach it with a customized solution tailor-made for the individual subject.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

Background: Preoperative chemotherapy has been adopted in our hospital as a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients with N2 disease. However, there have been cases of pathologic N2 disease that have been detected after curative-intent surgical resection. We retrospectively studied the outcomes of initial surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy in patients with unexpected N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: Between January 1995 and June 2007, 225 patients were diagnosed with pathologic N2 disease after they underwent initial pulmonary resection without neoadjuvant therapy. Among them, 170 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with lymph node stage N0 or N1. We retrospectively reviewed their medical record and analyzed the outcomes. Result: The overall 5-year survival rate was 35.4%. The prognostic factors that were significantly associated with survival were no adjuvant therapy, histologic cell types other than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, a pathologic T stage more than T1, old age (${\geq}$70 years) and no mediastinoscopic biopsy. During the follow-up, 79 patients (46.5%) experienced tumor recurrence, including loco-regional recurrence in 20 patients (25.3%) and distant metastasis in 56 (70.9%). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 33.7%. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the survival was good for patients with unexpected N2 non-small cell lung cancer and who underwent initial pulmonary resection without neoadjuvant therapy. A prospective comparative analysis is needed to obtain more conclusive and persuasive results.