• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2023

NNbF is a newly emerging approach to reduce flood risk in coastal and fluvial areas using natural features or engineered nature-based features with the expectation of co-benefits of provisional, regulating, and socio-cultural services provided by the ecosystem. NNbF is not quite different from existing, related terms based on nature, such as NbS, Eco-DRR, NI, GI, EwN, and BwN, for all these terms include expectation of benefits for human societies by directly utilizing or mimicking nature's ecological functions. If we focus on the comprehensiveness of each term's subject and object, we can say that NbS > NNbF > (Eco-DRR, NI/GI). Among the 18 measures introduced in the NNbF International Guideline in the river and floodplain management category, it was found that measures of wash lands and floodplain restoration, including levee setback/removal and side-channel restoration, seemed to be the most applicable to rivers in Korea. These selected measures could be more effective when river managers purchase riparian lands along river courses by relevant laws for river water-quality protection.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.409-419
• /
• 2023

Okadaic acid (OA) group toxins, including OA and its analogs, such as dinophysis toxins (DTXs), have been reported to cause diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). These toxins are primarily produced by dinoflagellates and are accumulated in bivalves. Recently, the presence of Dinophysis sp., a causative alga of DSP, has been reported along the coasts of Korea, posing a potential risk of contamination to domestic seafood and exerting an impact on both the production and consumption of marine products. Accordingly, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established standards for the permissible levels of OA group toxins in marine products for safety management. Additionally, in line with international initiatives, the domestic inclusion and regulation of DTX2 among the substances falling under the purview of management outlined by the 2022 diarrheal shellfish toxin standard have been implemented. In this study, we reviewed the physicochemical properties of OA group toxins, their various exposure routes (such as acute toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity), and the relative toxicity factors associated with these toxins. We also performed a comparative assessment of the methods employed for toxin analysis across different countries. Furthermore, we aimed to conduct a broad review of human exposure cases and assess the international guideline for risk management of OA group toxins.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.4
• /
• pp.496-504
• /
• 2023

Countries worldwide are striving to find new sources of sustainable energy without carbon emission due to the increasing impact of global warming. With the advancement of the fourth industrial revolution on a global scale, there has been a substantial rise in energy demand. Simultaneously, there is a growing emphasis on utilizing energy sources with minimal or zero carbon content to ensure a stable power supply while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this comprehensive overview, a comparative analysis of carbon reduction policies of government was conducted. Based on international carbon neutrality scenarios and the presence of remaining thermal power generation, it can be categorized into two types: "Rapid" and "Safety". For the domestic scenario, the projected power demand and current greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with "The 10th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand" was examined. Considering all these factors, an overview of the current status of carbon neutrality technologies by focusing on the energy sector, encompassing transitions, hydrogen, transportation and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) was offered followed by summarization of key technological trends and government-driven policies. Furthermore, the central aspects of the domestic carbon reduction strategy were proposed by taking account of current mega trends in the energy sector which are highlighted in international scenario analyses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.312-323
• /
• 2023

Background: Environmental concentrations of substances can be estimated by K-CHESAR based on main, industrial, and use categories (MC/IC/UC) and ECETOC TRA based on environmental or specific environmental categories (ERC or spERC). Objectives: Three different systems for estimating environmental concentrations were compared to figure out their order with possible reasons along with relationship of regional predicted environmental concentrations (PEC_regional) and final PEC_local for various uses of a substance. Methods: Typical uses of the case substance and their corresponding ERCs were selected from the webpage of the European Chemical Agency. Proper MC/IC/UC and spERC were assigned to each ERC. Emission fractions were compared for each assessment code from the available database. PECs were calculated by three estimating systems: K-CHESAR using MC/IC/UC, ECETOC TRA using ERC, and ECETOC TRA using spERC with their default values for input parameters. Percentage of PEC_regional to PEC_local were manually calculated for each use. Results: Emission factors decreased in the order of ERC > MC/IC/UC > spERC. Values of the final PEC_local derived as sum of PEC_regional and Clocal decreased in the order of calculations using ECETOC TRA-ERC>KCHESAR with MC/IC/UC>ECETOC TRA-spERC for all environmental media. Percentages of PEC_{regional,water} to PEC_local,water ranged from 0 to 10.3% in industrial uses calculated with MC/IC/UC and ERC but 96.3 to 100% in wide dispersive uses of ERC and spERC where values of C_local,water are estimated to be very low. Conclusions: ECETOC TRA generated the most refined PNEC values with spERC and the least with ERC, while K-CHESAR with MC/IC/UC generated values between the two results. The ratio of PEC_regional to PEC_local can be a good measure for performing suitable estimation of PNECs according to use.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.826-833
• /
• 2023

Purpose: We suggest the need to utilize ESG in the safety field to prevent serious industrial accidents. Method: The Serious Accident Punishment Act, a strong serious accident prevention system, was reviewed through a review of previous research. And through comparative analysis of serious accident data from the United States and Korea, the main causes of accidents in the domestic chemical industry were derived. Result: It was determined that there was a need to induce voluntary safety management by companies through ESG management along with the Serious Accident Punishment Act, which aims to prevent corporate accidents. Through statistical analysis of accident data, it was confirmed that the scale of damage and number of deaths in domestic accidents was greater than in the United States. The reason was interpreted to be that there are many accidents caused by human causes in the country. Conclusion: In order to compensate for the lack of voluntariness in corporate safety management as well as the Serious Accident Punishment Act and encourage active safety management, the proportion of 'ESG safety evaluation' must be expanded. By using ESG as an indirect social sanction, we can expect companies to voluntarily and actively manage safety and expand safety investments in the safety field.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.170-184
• /
• 2024

This study focused on the practical research needed to improve elementary school science lesson plans. Specifically, a video clip-based pedagogical reasoning activity that included elementary student misconceptions was presented and the influences of this activity on preservice teachers' science lesson planning were assessed. First, the eight preservice teacher participants were asked to write a lesson plan for a dissolution and solution unit, after which a first semi-structured interview was conducted. Then, the participants participated in a video clip-based pedagogical reasoning activity. Based on the activity results, the participants revised their previously planned lessons, and second semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data from the preservice teachers' lesson plans and interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparative method to investigate the lesson plan changes. It was found that after the video clip-based pedagogical reasoning activity, the preservice teacher tightened the activity or changed the material to understand the students' thinking processes. In addition, they supplemented their goals and assessment criteria to accommodate the diverse students' thinking. Some also specified motivational strategies that considered student interests, motivation, and possible misconceptions. However, some preservice teachers still set goals that did not sufficiently account for student misconceptions and some planned the student assessments based only on the learning goals rather than the students' thinking. The few preservice teachers were able to develop motivational strategies that considered interest, motivation, and misconceptions. The preservice teachers claimed that they had difficulty predicting the misconceptions and connecting these to the lesson content. Discussions were then held to assist the preservice teachers to consider possible student misconceptions when planning their lessons.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.795-806
• /
• 2024

Objective: Karan Fries (KF), a high-producing composite cattle was developed through crossing indicine Tharparkar cows with taurine bulls (Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey), to increase the milk yield across India. This composite cattle population must maintain sufficient genetic diversity for long-term development and breed improvement in the coming years. The level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures the influence of population genetic forces on the genomic structure and provides insights into the evolutionary history of populations, while the decay of LD is important in understanding the limits of genome-wide association studies for a population. Effective population size (N_e) which is genomically based on LD accumulated over the course of previous generations, is a valuable tool for e valuation of the genetic diversity and level of inbreeding. The present study was undertaken to understand KF population dynamics through the estimation of N_e and LD for the long-term sustainability of these breeds. Methods: The present study included 96 KF samples genotyped using Illumina HDBovine array to estimate the effective population and examine the LD pattern. The genotype data were also obtained for other crossbreds (Santa Gertrudis, Brangus, and Beefmaster) and Holstein Friesian cattle for comparison purposes. Results: The average LD between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was r² = 0.13 in the present study. LD decay (r² = 0.2) was observed at 40 kb inter-marker distance, indicating a panel with 62,765 SNPs was sufficient for genomic breeding value estimation in KF cattle. The pedigree-based N_e of KF was determined to be 78, while the N_e estimates obtained using LD-based methods were 52 (SNeP) and 219 (genetic optimization for N_e estimation), respectively. Conclusion: KF cattle have an N_e exceeding the FAO's minimum recommended level of 50, which was desirable. The study also revealed significant population dynamics of KF cattle and increased our understanding of devising suitable breeding strategies for long-term sustainable development.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2024

The significance of self-reported voice assessments concerning patients' chief complaints and quality of life has increased. Therefore, readability assessments of questionnaire items are essential. In this study, readability analyses were performed based on text grade and complexity, vocabulary frequency and grade, and lexical diversity of the 11 Korean versions of self-reported voice disorder questionnaires (KVHI, KAVI, KVQOL, K-SVHI, K-VAPP, K-VPPC, TVSQ, K-VDCQ, K-VFI, K-VTDS, and K-VoiSS). Additionally, a comparative readability assessment was conducted on the original versions of these questionnaires to discern the differences between their Korean counterparts and the questionnaires for children. Consequently, it was determined that voice disorder questionnaires could be used without difficulty for populations with lower literacy levels. Evaluators should consider subjects' reading levels when conducting assessments, and future developments and revisions should consider their reading difficulties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2024

In coastal structure design incorporating revetments, the assessment of wave overtopping discharge relies on hydraulic model experiments. Numerous empirical formulas have been developed to predict overtopping discharge based on quantitative data from these experiments. Typically, for revetment structures aimed at mitigating wave overtopping, crest height is determined by considering the maximum amplitude of the design wave, resulting in a relatively high freeboard compared to wave heights. However, achieving complete prevention of all wave overtopping would require the crown wall to have substantial crest heights, rendering it economically impractical. Therefore, the concept of limiting discharge has been introduced in the design of revetment structures, aiming to restrict wave overtopping discharge to an acceptable level. Consequently, many coastal structures in real-world settings feature relatively lower freeboard heights than incident wave heights. This study investigated wave overtopping discharge on rubble-mound breakwaters with relatively low freeboard heights through hydraulic model experiments. Furthermore, it conducted a comparative analysis of the predictive capabilities of existing empirical formulas for estimating overtopping discharge using experimental data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.57 no.9
• /
• pp.585-598
• /
• 2024

To mitigate natural disasters and efficiently manage water resources, it is essential to enhance hydrologic prediction while reducing model structural uncertainties. This study analyzed the impact of lumped and semi-distributed GR4J model structures on simulation performance and evaluated uncertainties with and without data assimilation techniques. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and Particle Filter (PF) methods were applied to the Namgang Dam basin. Simulation results showed that the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) index was 0.749 for the lumped model and 0.831 for the semi-distributed model, indicating improved performance in semi-distributed modeling by 11.0%. Additionally, the impact of uncertainties in meteorological forcings (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) on data assimilation performance was analyzed. Optimal uncertainty conditions varied by data assimilation method for the lumped model and by sub-basin for the semi-distributed model. Moreover, reducing the calibration period length during data assimilation led to decreased simulation performance. Overall, the semi-distributed model showed improved flood simulation performance when combined with data assimilation compared to the lumped model. Selecting appropriate hyper-parameters and calibration periods according to the model structure was crucial for achieving optimal performance.