• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

일반적으로 하천제방 배수통문은 다양한 원인에 의하여 붕괴가 발생하며, 특히 연약지반 상에 말뚝기초를 이용하여 설치된 경우 1) 주변 지반(외부토체)/말뚝기초 처리된 암거 상단(내부토체)의 상대적 침하 차에 의한 배수통문 암거 측벽부의 다짐도 약화, 2) 하이드로릭 플랙처링에 의한 홍수 시 침투수압의 지속적 반복에 의한 측벽부 교란 등에 의해 붕괴가 발생한다. 특히 측벽부는 시공여건상 다짐장비의 접근이 어려운 다짐 취약부이고, 이질재료에 의한 마찰력 감소로 전단저항력이 일반 흙의 전단강도에 비해 1/3 이상 감소하여 발현된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 주변 지반에 인위적인 변형을 발생시키는 방법으로 침하를 모사한 실내 모형실험을 통하여 연약지반 상 말뚝 기초된 배수통문 암거의 상대적 침하에 따른 외부토체/내부토체 발현 메카니즘과 저판확폭에 따른 배수통문 암거 측벽부 다짐도 향상 효과를 비교 분석함으로써 배수통문 저판 확폭을 통한 주변지반 공동 확장 억제기법을 제시하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of using the results of the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test to assess the UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of unsaturated soil. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on samples of unsaturated lateritic soils of northern Taiwan. Specifically, the unconfined compressive test was combined with the pressure plate test to obtain the unconfined compressive strength and its matric suction (s) of the samples. Soil samples were first compacted at the designated water content and subsequently subjected to the wetting process for saturation and the following drying process to its target suction using the apparatus developed by the authors. The correlations among the UCS, s and UPV were studied. The test results show that both the UCS and UPV significantly increased with the matric suction regardless of the initial compaction condition, but neither the UCS nor UPV obviously varied when the matric suction was less than the air-entry value. In addition, the UCS approximately linearly increased with increasing UPV. According to the investigation of the test results, simplified methods to estimate the UCS using the UPV or matric suction were established. Furthermore, an empirical formula of the matric suction calculated from the UPV was proposed. From the comparison between the predicted values and the test results, the MAPE values of UCS were 4.52-9.98% and were less than 10%, and the MAPE value of matric suction was 17.3% and in the range of 10-20%. Thus, the established formulas have good forecasting accuracy and may be applied to the stability analysis of the unsaturated soil slope. However, further study is warranted for validation.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

국내 노상토의 변형특성에 대한 건조단위중량과 함수비의 영향을 평가하고자 4종의 노상토에 대해 다양한 함수비 및 건조단위중량 조건에서 공진주/비틂전단시험을 수행하였다. 건조단위중량은 탄성계수는 물론 정규화탄성계수 감소곡선 모두에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 정규화 탄성계수는 다짐도가 5% 증가함에 따라 약 20% 감소하였다. 국내 노상토의 탄성계수는 함수비가 $\pm$2% 변화 범위에서 40% 이상 변화하였으며. 지수모델을 적용하여 평가 할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 정규화탄성 계수 감소곡선은 함수비의 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한, 탄성 계수에 대한 하중주파수 및 구속응력의 영향 특성은 시편의 건조단위중량과 함수비 변화에 거의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타나 서로 독립적인 요소로 고려할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2007

The microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of plasma electrolytic coatings (PEO) coatings on Mg-4.3 wt%Zn-1.0 wt%Y and Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloys prepared by gas atomization, followed by compaction at 320 for 10 min under the pressure of 700 MPa and sintering at 380 and 420 respectively for 24 h, were investigated, which was compared with the cast Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloy. All coatings consisting of MgO and $Mg_2SiO_4$ oxides showed porous and coarse surface features with some volcano top-like pores distributed disorderly and cracks between pores. In particular, the surface of coatings on Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloy showed smaller area of pores and cracks compared to the Mg-4.3 wt%Zn-1.0 wt%Y and Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloys. The cross section micro-hardness of coatings on the gas atomized Mg-Zn-Y alloys was higher than that on the cast Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloy. Additionally, the coated Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance in 3.5%NaCl solution. It could be concluded that the addition of Y has a beneficial effect on the formation of protective and hard coatings on Mg alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1999

Hydroxypropylmethylcelluloses (HPMC)는 친수성 cellulose 계통의 중합체로서 독성이 적고 가격이 저렴하여 경구용 서방출성 제제에 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 매트릭스로서 HPMC를 이용하여 새로운 서방출성제제인 HPMC/염산슈도에페드린계를 설계하고, 직타법에 의하여 정제를 제조하였으며, 이 팽윤될 수 있는 친수성 약물전달계를 이용하여 약물의 방출에 영향을 주는 여러 인자들이 약물의 방출속도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 결과로서, HPMC/염산슈도에페드린계에서 매트릭스인 HPMC의 분자량이 클수록, HPMC의 함량이 많을수록 약물의 방출속도가 더 느려짐을 알 수 있었으며, 정제의 경도나 용출시 pH 변화에는 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 음이온 계면활성제인 sodium laurylsulfate는 HPMC로부터 염산슈도에페드린의 방출속도를 지연시키는데 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 현상은 음이온 계면활성제인 sodium laurylsulfate가 반대의 이온성을 갖는 약물인 염산슈도에페드린과 착물을 형성함으로써 약물의 용해성이 떨어져서 약물방출이 지연되는 것으로 생각된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

Compressional sound velocities of shelf sediments in the South Sea of Korea, were measured in situ and in the laboratory for six cores. In situ sound velocity was measured using the Acoustic Lance (frequency of 7.5-15 kHz), while laboratory velocity was measured by the pulse transmission technique (frequency of 1MHz). Physical properties were relatively uniform with sediment depth, suggesting little effect of sediment compaction and/or consolidation. Average in situ velocity at each core site ranged from 1,457 to 1,488 m/s, which was less than the laboratory velocity of 1,503 and 1,604m/s. In muddy sediments the laboratory velocity was 39-47 m/s higher than in situ velocity. In sandy sediments, the difference was greater by an average of 116 m/s. Although the velocity data were corrected by the velocity ratio method based on bottom water temperature, the laboratory velocity was still higher than the in situ velocity (11-21 m/s in muddy sediments and 91 m/s in sandy sediments). This discrepancy may be caused by sediment disturbance during core collection and/or by the pressure of Acoustic Lance insertion, but it was most likely due to the frequency difference between in situ and laboratory measurement systems. Thus, when correcting laboratory velocity to in situ velocity, it is important to consider both temperature and frequency.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 2차
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• pp.81-87
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• 2010

As enormous construction projects of land development are carried out around Korea, useful construction materials are needed to perform the construction projects. However, there are no more enough of fill and reclamation materials in our country. That is why the coal ash is expected to be utilized as an alternative material. Since the coal ash has the characteristics of a pozzolan and a selfhardening material, it is adjudged that coal ash has a great possibility to be used as a fill and reclamation material. In this study, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, and specific gravity test were performed to examine the physical characteristics of the coal ash about a self-hardening material before utilizing the coal ash in the construction. Compaction test, unconfined compression test were conducted to investigate the engineering characteristics according to mixture ratios of fly ash and bottom ash. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio 1:1 of fly ash and bottom ash is the most effective to use as a fill and reclamation material. If the mixture of coal ash is used as a backfill material with light weight around structure, it is expected to play a significant role in reducing earth pressure on the back of the structure. As described above, the coal ash should be considered as an alternative material of fill and reclamation materials since the result of the tests indicates that the coal ash is suitable to a useful material on the construction design.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2004

SCP 개량지반은 연약지반에 타설된 모래말뚝과 주변 연약지반으로 구성된 복합지반을 형성한다. 복합지반에 상재하중이 작용할 경우, SCP쪽으로 반경방향의 흐름에 의하여 시간의존적인 압밀거동이 유발될 뿐만 아니라, SCP와 주변 연약지반 사이에서 강성도 차이로 인하여 응력전이가 유발된다. 본 논문은 SCP 개량지반의 압밀거동에 대한 교란효과의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 원통형 실린더 지반에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석결과 연약지반의 교란영역은 유효응력-간극수압의 거동, 응력전이기구, 응력분담비에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 또한 SCP와 점토 사이의 응력전이량은 상부 z/H=0.25에서 가장 크며, 깊이가 증가함에 따라 감소한다. 응력분담비는 상수값이 아니라 압밀과정에 의존하며, 교란영역을 가진 연약지반의 응력분담비는 교란영역이 없는 연약지반의 응력분담비보다 큼을 알 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.833-836
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• 2008

본 연구는 기존 벤토나이트 방수재가 염수환경의 지하구조물 적용에 있어서 초기 수화에 의한 팽창이 안 됨으로써 염수의 침입을 허용하여 구조물이 누수로 이어지는 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 최근 개발된 사전수화 시킨 형태의 벤토나이트 쉬트에 관하여 염수환경 적용 특성을 중심으로 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 사전수화형 벤토나이트 시트를 대상으로 염수환경을 기본 전제조건으로 한 상태에서 점결성, 팽윤성, 투수성 등의 시험을 통하여 그 성능특성의 변화를 중점 고찰하였다. 본 연구결과 염수환경에서 초기 투수를 허용하지 않았으며, 최대 $3kgf/cm^2$ 수압으로 72시간까지 투수가 발생하지 않았다. 점결성과 팽윤성 확인결과 담수환경에서는 겔화의 충분한 진행이 확인 되었고, 염수환경에서는 판상구조의 갈라짐 현상이 보였으나 이는 벤토나이트가 수화하면서 결정층간이 팽윤된 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 방수재 상부에 누름층과 같은 압밀조건이 형성된다면 염수환경의 지하구 조물 적용에 있어서 기대가된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1532-1548
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• 2008

The tunnel type spillways is under construction to increasing water reservoir capacity in Dae-am dam. The tunnel outlet was planned to be made after installing slope stabilization system on natural slope there. Generally, the tunnel outlet is made perpendicularly to the slope, but in this case, it had to be made obliquely to the slope for not interrupting flow of river. Because of excavation in condition of natural slope caused to deflecting earth pressure, the outlet couldn't be made. So, artificial ground made with concrete that it was constructed in the outside of tunnel for producing the arching effect which enables to make a outlet. We were planned tunnel excavation was carried out after artificial ground made. Artificial ground made by poor mix concrete of which it was planned that the thickness was at least 3.0m height from outside of tunnel lining and 30cm of height per pouring. Spreading and compaction was planned utilized weight of 15 ton roller machine. In order to access of working truck, slope of artificial ground was designed 1:1.0 and applied 2% slope in upper pert of it for easily drainage of water. In addition to, upper pert of artificial ground was covered with soil, because of impaction of rock fall from upper slope was made minimum. The tunnel excavation of the artificial ground was designed application with special blasting method that it was Super Wedge and control blasting utilized with pre-percussion hole.