• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2012

In the present work, Al-$B_4C$ composite powders were fabricated using a mechanical milling process and its milling behaviors and mechanical properties as functions of $B_4C$ sizes ( $100{\mu}m$, 500 nm and 50 nm) and concentrations (1, 3 and 10 wt.%) were investigated. For achieving it, composite powders and their compacts were fabricated using a planetary ball mill machine and magnetic pulse compaction technology. Al-$B_4C$ composite powders represent the most uniform dispersion at a milling speed of 200 rpm and a milling time of 240 minutes. Also, the smaller $B_4C$ particles were presented, the more excellent compositing characteristics are exhibited. In particular, in the case of the 50 nm $B_4C$ added compact, it showed the highest values of compaction density and hardness compared with the conditions of $100{\mu}m$ and 500 nm additions, leading to the enhancement its mechanical properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.738-739
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• 2006

This paper will describe a powder and processing method that facilitates single press-single sintered densities approaching $7.5g/cm^3$. At this sintered density, mechanical properties of the powder metal (P/M) component are significantly improved over current P/M technologies and begin to approach the performance of wrought steels. High performance gears have the added requirement of rolling contact fatigue durability that is dependent upon localized density and thermal processing. Combining high density processing of engineered P/M materials with selective surface densification enables powder metal components to achieve rolling contact fatigue durability and mechanical property performance that satisfy the performance requirements of many high strength automotive transmission gears. Data will be presented that document P/M part performance in comparison to conventional wrought steel grades.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2018

Compacted bentonites were chosen as the backfill material and buffer in high level nuclear waste disposal due to its high swelling pressure, high ion adsorption capacity and low permeability. It is essential to estimate the swelling pressure in design and considering the safety of the nuclear repositories. The swelling pressure model of expansive clay colloids was developed based on Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory. However, the diffuse double layer model is effective in predicting low compaction dry density (low swelling pressure) for certain bentonites, and invalidation in simulating high compaction dry density (high swelling pressure). In this paper, the new relationship between nondimensional midplane potential function, u, and nondimensional distance function, Kd, were established based on the Gouy-Chapman theory by considering the variation of void ratio. The new developed model was constructed based on the published literature data of compacted Na-bentonite (MX80) and Ca-bentonite (FoCa) for sodium and calcium bentonite respectively. The proposed models were applied to re-compute swelling pressure of other compacted Na-bentonites (Kunigel-V1, Voclay, Neokunibond and GMZ) and Ca-bentonites (FEBEX, Bavaria bentonite, Bentonite S-2, Montigel bentonite) based on the reported experimental data. Results show that the predicted swelling pressure has a good agreement with the experimental swelling pressure in all cases.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.158-167
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• 2008

The quality control of compacted fills has been carried out by evaluating relative densities and coefficients of soil reaction. These measures have several limitations regarding repeatability and reliability of field measurements, and difficulties to use in the fills including large grain size as gravels and boulders. Also, the density is not directly related to the design parameter such as resilient modulus. A preliminary investigation for the usage of the stiffness as a control measure has been carried out. In the laboratory, the stiffness (P-wave velocity) was measured during compaction tests. The stiffness at the optimal moisture content was proposed to use a target control parameter likewise maximum dry density. A field method to match the target stiffness was also proposed by considering easiness of the method and availability of equipment. The most phenomenal feature of the method is that the control parameter (stiffness) is closely related to resilient modulus and can be consistently used from the design stage to the field control during construction.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 2013

Monodispersed 3Y-$ZrO_2$ spherical agglomerates were synthesized by thermal hydrolysis process followed by crystallization processes (hydrothermal treatment and calcination). The crystallization process affected the properties of the final particles, such as the primary particle size, the agglomeration state, and the fraction of $ZrO_2$ monoclinic phase. The hydrothermal treated spherical particles were porous microstructures (weak agglomerates) composed of small primary particles with a size of 14 nm, but the calcined spherical particles had a dense microstructure due to the hard aggregation between primary particles. While the calcined particles had a low green density due to the hard aggregation, hydrothermal treated ones were soft agglomerates and had a deflection point at 50 MPa due to the rearrangement of secondary spherical particles and the filling of the interstices with the primary particles. Finally, the green density of hydrothermally treated $ZrO_2$ particles was 58% at 200 MPa.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 1987

A helical probe test (HPT) suitable for in.situ soil exploration to a shallow depth and compaction control were developed and tested in different soils alongside traditional in-situ tests, including Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and in-situ density test. The helical probe test is economical and can be performed by a single person. The torque necessary to insert the probe Is used as a measure of soil characteristics. It was found that: the HPT test correlates well with the SPT test and the correlation is not sensitive to the soil type; the HPT test correlates well with the CPT test, but the correlation is sensitive to the soil type; the HPT torque provides a sensitive measure of relative compaction rind in-situ dry density of compacted soils; the reverse torque ratio decreases with increasing average grain sloe.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2007

Although various fast and simple, testing devices have been developed in many countries such as the U.S, Japan, and European countries, these testing devices are not commonly used in Korea. In this study, compaction fur the field density test was carried out with a hand-guided vibrating roller. The results of the field density test were compared with those of the new testing devices such as the geogauge, soil impact hammer(CASPFOL), light falling weight deflectometer(LFWD), dynamic cone penetration(DCP). Regression analyses were conducted with the data from new testing devices. The analysis results showed that the correlation coefficients were high in the range of $70{\sim}95%$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.378-385
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• 2008

This article presents the successful consolidation of the mixed Co and Diamond powders for a drilling segment by the combined application of magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC) and subsequent sintering, and their properties were analyzed. Homogeneous hardness (Hv 220) and density (97%) of sintered bulks fabricated by MPC were obtained by the new technique, where higher pressure has been employed for short period of time than that of general process. A fine microstructure and homogeneous hardness in the consolidated bulk were observed without cracks. Relatively higher drilling speed of 9.61 cm/min and life time of 6.55 m were found to the MPCed specimens, whereas the value of the specimens fabricated by general process was 11.71 cm/min and 7.96 m, respectively. A substantial improvement of mechanical properties of segment was achieved through this study.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2012

ZnO-98% and $Ga_2O_3$-2% powder were consolidated by shock compaction technique, which uses a high performance explosive. The microstructural and electrical characteristics of $ZnOGa_2O_3$ compact with density of 97% and hardness of 220~250 $H_v$ were investigated using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. In the microstructures of the compact, there were no visible cracks at most of the surface areas, and interparticle bonding between powder particles was confirmed. The broadened peaks were detected due to deformation of crystallited size and high electric resistances were confirmed due to increased grains because of shock energy with a high pressure and high velocity.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2011

In this study, we reported the microstructure and properties of Ag-$SnO_2$ contact materials fabricated by a controlled milling process with subsequent consolidation. The milled powders were consolidated to bulk samples using a magnetic pulsed compaction process. The nano-scale $SnO_2$ phases were distributed homogeneously in the Ag matrix after the consolidation. The relative density and hardness of the Ag-$SnO_2$ contact materials were 95~96% and 89~131 Hv, respectively.