• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.382-388
• /
• 2004

The sizes and structures of micelles formed in aqueous solutions of cationic octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and anionic ammonium dodecyl sulfate (ADS) surfactants were investigated using smallangle neutron scattering (SANS), self-diffusion coefficients by pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. SANS and DLS data indicate that their structures are spherical at concentrations as high as 300 mM. As the total surfactant concentration increases, the peaks of SANS spectra shift to higher scattering vector and become sharper, indicating that the intermicellar distance decreases and its distribution becomes narrower. This is due to more compact packing of surfactant molecules at high concentrations. The intermicellar distance of around 100 ${\AA}$ above 200 mM corresponds approximately to the diameter of one micelle. The sizes of spherical micelles are 61 ${\AA}$ and 41 ${\AA}$ for 9 mM OTAC and 10 mM ADS, respectively. Also the self-diffusion coefficients by PGSE-NMR yield the apparent sizes 96 ${\AA}$ and 31 ${\AA}$ for micelles of 1 mM OTAC and 10 mM ADS, respectively. For ADS solutions of high concentrations (100-300 mM), DLS data show that the micelle size remains constant at $25{\pm}2{\AA}$. This indicates that the transition in micellar shape does not take place up to 300 mM, which is consistent with the SANS results.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a LED bicycle headlamp with a wide viewing angle to help bicyclists see the front effectively and because of its high visibility to reduce the risks of accidents around intersections or blind spots. The wide viewing angle was determined to be $28^{\circ}$ because it can illuminate a 5 m wide area 10 m away. Therefore, the road conditions of the intersection can be observed with the bicycle handlebar tilted slightly to the left or right. The headlamp has a compact reflector with a width of 30 mm, height of 27 mm, and length of 17 mm. Owing to its size, a change in the position of a light source leads to severe changes in light distribution. Therefore, the tolerance of the source position was analyzed by a simulation. The tolerance was ${\pm}0.5mm$ at the X, Y and Z axes within a less centered aiming range of ${\pm}1^{\circ}$. Finally, the prototype of the bicycle headlamp was made and the light distribution was measured by an automotive headlamp light measurement system. The experimental results indicate that the headlamp illuminates a 5 m wide area with an edge light of 3.2 lx as well as meeting the K-mark regulation.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2007

The effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the reduction of waterworks sludge were investigated in this study. Sludge treated by peroxidation $H_2O_2$ oxidation) was dewatered using a pressure filter at 3atm. It was observed that $H_2O_2$ treatment at the acidic condition significantly reduce both cake water content and specific resistance to filtration (SRF), indicating the enhancement of dewaterability and filterability. The filterability by hydrogen peroxide treatment at pH 3.5 was better than acidic treatment and became comparable with polymer conditioning. The sludge filterability evaluated by SRF was optimal at a dose 2ml $H_2O_2$/sludge($0.02g\;H_2O_2/gTS$) after adjusting of pH to 3.5. The $H_2O_2$ oxidation at pH 3.5 also produced even more dewatered cake when compared with polymer conditioning. The reduction rate of sludge mass at an optimal condition showed 34% compared with untreated sludge. The effects of peroxidation on sludge properties including zeta potential, bound water and particle size were also evaluated. Peroxidation at the acidic condition reduced both bound water and zeta potential. By $H_2O_2$ combined with sulfuric acid leached iron caused Fenton's reaction, which showed a potential to significantly reduce the amount of solids mass and to produce more compact cake with higher filterability.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2010

가스분리막을 이용한 분리공정은 기존의 분리공정을 대체할 공정으로서 수십 년간 발전이 되어 왔다. 특히 분리막 공정은 가스분리에 있어서 기존공정에 비해서 에너지 소모가 적고 설치에 필요한 공간이 간소하며, 스케일업이 간단한 장점이 있다. 최근에는 기체분리막 공정은 질소발생장치, 수소발생장치, 막제습기, 선박이나 항공기용 불활성기체충진장치, 천연가스 정제, 바이오가스 정제, 연료전지분야에서 널리 사용이 되고 있으며, 향후에는 이산화탄소의 분리에도 강력한 대체공정으로 사용이 될 수 있다. 이러한 가스분리막 공정을 좀 더 널리 보급하기 위해서는 로베슨 플롯의 한계를 넘어설 수 있는 새로운 소재의 개발이 절실하며, 이러한 한계를 돌파하기 위하여 많은 연구자와 회사들이 카도그룹이나 스피로 구조를 가지는 고분자나 PIMs 같은 소재의 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.426-434
• /
• 2018

In this study, $MgO-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ (MCAS) nanocomposite glass powder having a mean particle size of 50 nm and a specific surface area of $40m^2/g$ is used as a sintering additive for AlN ceramics. Densification behaviors and thermal properties of AlN with 5 wt% MCAS nano-glass additive are investigated. Dilatometric analysis and isothermal sintering of AlN-5wt% MCAS compact demonstrates that the shrinkage of the AlN specimen increases significantly above $1,300^{\circ}C$ via liquid phase sintering of MCAS additive, and complete densification could be achieved after sintering at $1,600^{\circ}C$, which is a reduction in sintering temperature by $200^{\circ}C$ compared to conventional $AlN-Y_2O_3$ systems. The MCAS glass phase is satisfactorily distributed between AlN particles after sintering at $1,600^{\circ}C$, existing as an amorphous secondary phase. The AlN specimen attained a thermal conductivity of $82.6W/m{\cdot}K$ at $1,600^{\circ}C$.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.87-100
• /
• 2005

We have focused on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved In modern context from 1930's to 1960's. We have confused Urban Hanok with traditional Hanok, because they have similar figures. But Urban Hanok have the characteristics as a result of the roof construction method. The purpose of this paper is to define Urban Hanok more concretely, thus we payed attention to the roof structure, specially to the comer that each roof structure meets. So we got some characteristics of the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon. First, the roof construction methods of the roof are transformed at the corner parts, where three purlin structure and five purlin structure meet. The collision of the different roof structure has made a lot of types. Second, the roof slope of Urban Hanok is more gentle than traditional Hanok, that is caused by ornamental double eaves and awnings. Finally these characteristics are results of the compact lot size in urban neighborhood. The construction method is a inclusive word that contain materials, composition, ornament and social common sense. With the understanding on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok, we can define the identity and the value of Urban Hanok, And we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Urban Hanok of Bukchon, Seoul.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 PCS 채널 combiner를 위한 새로운 구조의 유전체 공진기 대역통과 여파기를 제안하고, 이를 이용하여 2-채널 PCS 채널 combiner를 구현하였다. 제안된 감쇄극을 갖는 유전체 공진기 채널 대역 통과 여파기는 집중소자 등가회로를 이용하여 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 유전체 공진기 채널 대역통과 여파기는 저지대역내의 감쇄극을 가지므로 기존의 채널 여파기와 비교하여 적은 공진기 수를 가지고 같은 감쇄 특성을 얻을 수 있어 작은 크기와 적은 삽입손실 특성을 갖고 양호한 온도 특성의 구현이 가능한 장점 을 갖는다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.54.2-54.2
• /
• 2014

IGRINS (Immersion GRating Infrared Spectrograph) is a high spectral resolution near-infrared spectrograph that has been developed in a collaboration between the Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute and the University of Texas at Austin. By using a silicon immersion echelle grating, the size of the fore optics is reduced by a factor of three times and we can make a more compact instrument. One exposure covers the whole of the H- and K-band spectrum with R=40,000. While the operation of and data reduction for this instrument is relatively simple compared to other grating spectrographs, we still need to operate three infrared arrays, cryostat sensors, calibration lamp units, and the telescope during astronomical observations. The IGRINS Instrument Control Software consists of a Housekeeping Package (HKP), Slit Camera Package (SCP), Data Taking Package (DTP), and Quick Look Package (QLP). The SCP will do auto guiding using a center finding algorithm. The DTP will take the echellogram images of the H and K bands, and the QLP will confirm fast processing of data. We will have a commissioning observations in 2014 March. In this poster, we present the performance of the software during the test observations.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.1083-1089
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서는 무선 통신 기기의 주요 부품인 VCO(Voltage Controled Oscillator)의 고조파 특성을 개선시키기 위하여 CMRC(Compact Microstrip Resonant Cell) 구조를 이용한 여파기를 공진기 후단에 적용하였다. CMRC 여파기는 PBG, DGS 등 다른 여파기에 비하여 그 크기가 소형일 뿐 아니라 제작이 용이한 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 CMRC를 이용한 VCO의 2차 고조파 특성은 -42.83 dBc, 위상 잡음 특성은 100 kHz offset에서 -95.83 dBc/Hz이었다. CMRC를 공진기 후단에 연결하는 것이 CMRC를 공진기로 이용하는 것보다 2차 고조파 특성은 약 15.73 dB, 위상 잡음은 약 31.13 dB 개선되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제23권9호
• /
• pp.1048-1057
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 새로운 소형 이중 대역 비균등 전력 분배기를 제안한다. 기존의 1:2 비균등 Wilkinson 전력 분배기에서 ${\lambda}$/4 길이의 분기 선로 대신 CRLH 위상천이용 전송선을 사용하여 전체 구조의 물리적 크기를 줄인다. 메타 재질 구조의 비선형 분산 특성을 이용하여 비균등 분기선들이 $f_1$, $f_2$에서 각각 $+90^{\circ}$, $-90^{\circ}$의 위상이 나타나는 이중 대역 특성을 갖도록 설계한다. 설계 방법의 타당성 확인을 위해, 등가 모델, 3차원 모의실험의 성능과 함께 CRLH의 특성인 분산도가 제시된다. 모의실험 결과와 측정 결과를 비교하였으며, 제안 기법의 소형화 효과가 논의된다.