• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2020

Since April 2015, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction has been covered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). The frequency of these procedures has increased very rapidly. We analyzed data obtained from the Big Data Hub of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and determined annual changes in the number of breast reconstruction procedures and related trends in Korea. We evaluated the numbers of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures performed between April 2015 and December 2018 using data from the HIRA Big Data Hub. We determined annual changes in the numbers of total, autologous, and implant breast reconstructions after NHIS coverage commenced. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate increased from 19.4% in 2015 to 53.4% in 2018. In 2015, implant reconstruction was performed in 1,366 cases and autologous reconstruction in 905 (60.1% and 39.8%, respectively); these figures increased to 3,703 and 1,570 (70.2% and 29.7%, respectively) in 2018. Free tissue transfer and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap creation were the most common autologous reconstruction procedures. For implant-based reconstructions, the rates of directto-implant and tissue-expander breast reconstructions (first stage) were similar in 2018. This study summarizes breast reconstruction trends in Korea after NHIS coverage was expanded in 2015. A significant increase over time in the post-mastectomy breast reconstruction rate was evident, with a trend toward implant-based reconstruction. Analysis of data from the HIRA Big Data Hub can be used to predict breast reconstruction trends and convey precise information to patients and physicians.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

에너지 효율적인 동작은 무선 센서 네트워크에 전체 수명을 연장하기 위한 원천적인 기술요소이다. 클러스터 기반 프로토콜은 데이터를 수집하는 과정에서 에너지를 보존하기 위한 가장 널리 쓰이는 기법이다. 본 논문은 시간 지연을 기반으로 에너지를 인식하면서 자율적으로 클러스터를 구성하는 방안을 제시한다. 제안된 방안은 3단계로 구성되어 있다. 먼저 노드의 에너지 잔류를 반영한 시간 지연을 수단으로 임의 클러스터의 커버리지 효율성을 반영하여 후보 클러스터 헤더가 선정된다. 다음으로 후보 클러스터 헤더중에 클러스터 헤더를 정의하기 위해서 시간지연이 다시 적용된다. 마지막으로 임의 클러스터에 포함되지 못한 고아노드의 문제를 해결한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 방안이 LEACH 방법보다 네트워크의 수명을 3배정도 늘리고 있음을 보인다. 또한 클러스터 헤더의 변화가 상대적으로 작으며, 클러스터 헤더의 에너지가 작게 소모됨을 보이고 있다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.208-220
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine health problems experienced by workers in special employment relationships (WSER) and identify coping strategies used when such problems occur. Methods: This qualitative study used the focus group interview method. Thirteen study participants included five home-visit tutors, five insurance salespersons, and three credit card recruiters. The interviews were conducted from November 2018 through January 2019, with each occupational group interview lasting about 2 hours. Analysis based on phenomenological research was independently performed by two researchers. Results: Most participants had common health problems involving vocal cord symptoms, and stress related to emotional labor and traffic accidents. The unique health problems included cystitis, musculoskeletal, and digestive symptoms in home-visit tutors; reduced vision and hearing in insurance salespersons; and mental distress in credit card recruiters. There was no protection system for their health coverage, and the company emphasized their self-employed status to avoid taking responsibility for them. Twelve participants did not purchase occupational accident insurance owing to both not having adequate information and economic burden concerning premium status. Conclusion: WSER experienced both physical and mental health problems. These problems were caused by their unstable employment status, and the social security system for their coverage being non-functioning.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2023

Purpose: The reconstruction of defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg necessitates thin, pliable skin with a stable and sensate soft tissue cover. This study analyzed the use of a proximally based sural artery flap for the coverage of such defects. Methods: This prospective clinical interventional study involved 10 patients who had soft tissue defects over the knee and the proximal third of the leg. These patients underwent reconstruction with a proximally based sural artery flap. The study analyzed various factors including age, sex, etiology, location and presentation of the defect, defect dimensions, flap particulars, postoperative complications, and follow-up. Results: There were 10 cases, all of which involved men aged 20 to 65 years. The most common cause of injury was trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. The majority of defects were found in the proximal third of the leg, particularly on the anterolateral aspect. Defect dimensions varied from 6×3 to 15×13 cm², and extensive defects as large as 16 cm×14 cm could be covered using this flap. The size of the flaps ranged from 7×4 to 16×14 cm², and the pedicle length was 10 to 15 cm. In all cases, donor site closure was achieved with split skin grafting. This flap consistently provided a thin, pliable, stable, and durable soft tissue cover over the defect with no functional deficit and minimal donor site morbidity. Complications, including distal flap necrosis and donor site graft loss, were observed in two cases. Conclusions: The proximally based sural fasciocutaneous flap serves as the primary method for reconstructing medium to large soft tissue defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg. This technique offers thin, reliable, sensate, and stable soft tissue coverage, and can cover larger defects with minimal complications.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2016

동물의 번식 성공에 가장 큰 요인은 먹이의 선택이고 먹이의 선택은 서식지의 질과 양에 의해 결정되어 지며, 생물량이 높은 습지의 경우 생태계 기능의 지표로서 황조롱이의 사냥 장소의 선택은 서식 장소의 질과 양을 알아보는 중요한 단서가 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 충남 공주시 유구읍의 황조롱이 사냥장소에 대해 4가지 유형(초지, 논, 밭, 하천변)으로 구분하여, 번식시기인 3월에서 6월까지 3년간 (2014년~2016년) 황조롱이의 행동을 기록하였다. 조사결과, 사냥의 장소는 하천변에서 높은 사냥행동을 보였고, 비행사냥은 5월과 6월에 많이 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 비행사냥의 주요 획득 먹이는 포유류(쥐), 착지행동의 주요 획득 먹이는 곤충류로 조사되었다. 이에 따라, 하천변에서는 주로 비행사냥이 이루어졌으며, 초지나 논과 밭에서는 착지 행동이 비행행동에 비해 높게 조사되었다. 사냥이 이루어지는 지점의 식물이 땅을 덮는 피도는 사냥지역별 차이를 보였으나 식물의 높이는 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 확인되었고, 사냥 방법에 따른 식물의 높이는 포유류(쥐)를 잡기 위한 비행사냥이 착지사냥보다 낮은 높이를 선호하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 황조롱이의 번식기 먹이 선택에서 하천변은 매우 중요한 환경 요소로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The Japan National Committee for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and UICC-Asia Regional Office (ARO) organized a Roundtable Discussion as part of the official program of the UICC World Cancer Congress 2014 in Melbourne, Australia. The theme for the Roundtable Discussion was "Looking Toward the Realization of Universal Health Care 'UHC' for Cancer in Asia" and it was held on December 5, 2014. The meeting was held based on the recognition that although each country may take a different path towards the realization of UHC, one point that is common to all is that cancer is projected to be the most difficult disease to address under the goals of UHC and that there is, therefore, an urgent and pressing need to come to a common understanding and awareness with regard to UHC concepts that are a priority component of a post-MDG development agenda. The presenters and participants addressed the issue of UHC for cancer in Asia from their various perspectives in academia and international organizations. Discussions covered the challenges to UHC in Asia, collaborative approaches by international organizations, the need for uniform and relevant data, ways to create an Asia Cancer Barometer that could be applied to all countries in Asia. The session concluded with the recognition that research on UHC in Asia should continue to be used as a tool for cancer cooperation in Asia and that the achievement of UHC would require research and input not only from the medical community, but from a broad sector of society in a multidisciplinary approach. Discussions on this issue will continue towards the Asia-Pacific Cancer Conference in Indonesia in August 2015.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.773-782
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• 2019

바젤III(Basel III)는 국제결제은행(BIS)이 2010년에 확정한 강화된 재무건전성기준으로 대표적인 규제비율에는 자본적정성, 자산건전성, 유동성 등이 있다. 자본적정성 규제의 측정항목은 BIS자기자본비율, BIS기본자본비율, 단순자기자본비율로 구성된다. 자산건전성 규제의 측정항목에는 고정이하여신비율과 대손충당금적립률이 있으며, 유동성 규제의 측정항목에는 원화 및 외화 유동성커버리지비율 등이 있다. 본 연구는 은행의 건전성감독지표를 도출하고, 재무건전성 관점에서 국내 인터넷전문은행과 시중은행을 비교하여 문제점 도출과 해결방안을 모색해보고자 한다. 연구결과, 국내 인터넷전문은행의 자기자본비율은 시중은행에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 자본적정성 규제를 고려하여 지속적인 영업을 수행하기 위해서는 추가적인 자본확충이 필수적인 상황이다. 또한 국내 인터넷전문은행은 2019년에 중금리 대출의 만기가 도래하며 연체율과 고정이하여신비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 바젤I 적용을 받고 있는 인터넷전문은행은 재무건전성은 양호한 수준이나 바젤III 시행에 대비하여 BIS총자본비율과 보통주자본비율을 높여야 할 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted with aim of providing an overview of the current status of occupational health services and identifying the most common harmful agents at workplaces of Iranian self-employed enterprises (Nano-Scale Enterprises). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among a random sample including 1,758 employees engaging in self-employed enterprises with 5 and less employees. Results: Coverage of occupational health surveillance was very poor, annual health examinations were been conducted only for 64 (3.64%) of males and 31 (1.76%) of females, and occupational health trainings were not included of the services at all. Personal Protective Equipment were available in 462 (26.3%) of the enterprises. only in 0.4% of the enterprises working processes were been equipped by a local exhaust ventilation system. Difficult postures were the most common (81.5%) adverse working conditions. Conclusion: This study revealed a poor level of the implementation of occupational health services in Iranian self-employed enterprises. Based on the findings, providing basic training on the occupational health, more enforcing in conduction of health examinations and providing PPE, and taking appropriate strategies aimed at eliminating or minimizing work environment harmful agents are the major factor that should be considered to improve the level of occupational health services among the studied enterprises.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2003

최근 디지털 멀티미디어 방송 기술의 발전에 따라 기존 아날로그 방송의 디지털화가 추진되고 있다. 라디오 방송의 경우 국내에서는 Eureka-147 DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting)시스템을 디지털 라디오 방송 방식으로 결정하였다. DAB는 CD 수준의 고품질오디오는 물론 다양한 데이터 서비스, 우수한 이동수신 성능 등을 제공할 수 있으며, 국내에서는 DAB를 이용한 동영상 멀티미디어서비스의 특성을 강조하기 위해 DMB(Digital Multimedia Broadcasting)로 개칭하였다. 디지털 방송의 경우 송신기 커버리지와 수신품질을 조사하는데 있어서 비트오류율(BER Bit Error Rate) 측정이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 지상파 DMB에서의 비트오류율 측정을 위한 효율적인 서브채널 데이터 구조와 알고리즘을 제안하고 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 제안된 방법은 비트오류율 측정을 위한 동기화가 용이한 장점이 있고. 특히 수신에 실패한 CIF(Common Interleaved Frame)의 수를 알아내어 포함된 비트들을 오류로 분류함으로써 정확한 측정 결과를 제공할 수 있다. 이러한 장점으로 인하여 제안된 측정 시스템은 이동 수신으로 인한 채널상황에 변화가 많은 DMB에 더욱 유용하게 적용될 수 있다.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Medical verification of cancer diagnosis in insurance claims is a very important procedure in insurance administrations. Claims staffs are in need of medical experts' opinions about claim administration. This procedure is called medical claim review (MCR) and is composed of verification and advice. MCR verification evaluates the insured’s physical condition by medical records and compares it with product coverage. It is divided into assessment of living assurance benefit, verification of cancer, and assessment of the cause of death. Actually cancer verification of MCR is applicable to coding because the risk ratio in product development is usually coded data. There are some confusing neoplastic diseases in assessing the verification of cancer. This article reviews gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumors (MALToma) of the stomach. The second most common group of stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract is GIST. Nowadays there are many articles about the pathophysiology of GIST. However there are few confirmative theories except molecular cell biology of KIT mutation and some tyrosine kinase. Therefore, coding the GIST, which has previously been classified as an intermediate risk group according to NIH2001 criteria, for cancer verification of MCR is suitable for D37.1; neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of digestive organs and the stomach. The gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type, now called extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type in the REAL/WHO classification, are the most common primary gastric lymphomas worldwide. Its characteristics are as follows. First, it is different from traditional stomach cancers such as gastric adenocarcinoma. Second, the primary therapy of MALToma is the eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics and the remission rate is over 80%. Third, it has a different clinical course compared to traditional malignant lymphoma. Someone insisted that cancer verification is not possible for the above reasons. However, there have been findings on pathologic mechanism, and according to WHO classification, MALToma is classified into malignant B-cell lymphoma and it must be verified as malignancy in MCR.