• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-52
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 동해에 있어서의 오징어 채낚기어업의 조업위치선정에 필요한 해황정보인 표면수온, 중 하층수온에 주목하여 검토하였다. 표면수온으로 검토한 오징어 채낚기어업의 어장형성에 관해서는 각 어선이 조업시에 측정한 수온을 어해황속보와 대비해 보면 같은 표면수온에서도 약간 차이가 있었다. 그래서 조업위치선정에 있어서 중요한 해황정보인 조업시에 있어서의 표면수온을 사용하여 고찰한 결과 해에 따라서 해황상태가 달라도 조업척수가 가장 많은 표면수온은 대체로 $2^{\circ}C$ 범위내에 들어간다는 것을 알았다. 그러나 중 하층수온에 관해서는 선단의 각 어선이 측정하고 있지 않다는 것과 근해관측이 200해리 수역내에서만 행해졌다는 것으로부터 한정된 시기에 대해서만 검토한 결과 6월 및 7월 상순에 있어서 신나천현선단(神奈川縣船團)의 조업해역에 있어서의 50m층 수온으로 보면, 난수역과 냉수역 사이의 $10{\sim}12^{\circ}C$에서 어장이 형성되었고 그후 극전선부근의 $5{\sim}8^{\circ}C$의 해역으로 어장이 이동하는 것을 파악할 수 있었고, 연안역에서는 극전선 남쪽의 난수역의 50m층 수온이 $10{\sim}12^{\circ}C$의 해역에서 어장이 형성된다는 것을 알았다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the current characteristics and prescriptions of outpatients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We searched medical records from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and found out 31 patients who first visited with PCOS. Results: The average age of PCOS patients was $26.48{\pm}5.15years$ old, average height was $162.16{\pm}5.56cm$, average weight was $55.27{\pm}9.34kg$, and average BMI was $21.01{\pm}3.48kg/m^2$ A total of 24 patients who had received western treatment for PCOS in the past, 13 people received oral contraceptions, 4 hormones, 2 metformin, one hormone and metformin, also 4 people were treated for assisted reproductive technologies due to infertility. There were only two patients who combined Korean and Western treatments. The most common menstrual-related symptoms of PCOS patients were oligomenorrhea (48.4%) and dysmenorrhea (22.6%). Other symptoms were the highest in the cold symptoms (54.8%), followed by infertility (9.7%). The average number of patients visiting the hospital was $6.26{\pm}7.2$, with 22 (71.0%) coming from 1 to 5. The average treatment period for patients was $10.1{\pm}10.8weeks$, with 41.9% the largest for 1 to 4 weeks. Acupuncture (93.5%), moxibustion (96.8%) herbmed (96.8%) was treated to most PCOS patients. The most commonly used herbal medicines were Ongyeong-tang (35.5%), Ijin-tang-gami (19.4%), Dodam-tang-gami (12.9%), and Jogyeongjongok-tang-gami (12.9%). Conclusions: These results could be helpful to treat PCOS patients in Korean gynecologic clinical fields.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2022

꽃은 특유한 모양, 색, 향, 맛으로 인한 시각적, 후각적 관능성이 우수하다. 최근에는 식용 꽃을 건조한 후 열수로 우려내는 침출차가 사회적 관심을 받고 있으며, 식용꽃을 이용한 기능성 식의약품 소재 개발도 진행되고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 건조꽃차의 유해 미생물, 중금속 및 잔류농약에 대한 위해성 평가는 거의 이루어진 바 없으며 농산물과 달리 건조꽃차에 대한 안전성 규격도 마련되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 시판 건조꽃차의 유해 미생물, 중금속 및 잔류농약 오염도를 평가하였다. 먼저 유해 미생물 오염도 평가에서 23종 꽃차 시료 모두에서 대장균군 및 리스테리아균은 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 갈화, 캐모마일꽃, 아카시아꽃, 진달래꽃, 달맞이꽃, 유채꽃, 벚꽃의 경우 3.24~3.85 Log CFU/g의 일반세균이 검출되었으며, 황색포도상구균도 23종 꽃차 중 11종에서 검출되었다. 살모넬라균 역시 23종 꽃차 중에서 8종에서 검출되어 시판 꽃차의 유해 미생물 관리가 필요함을 확인하였다. 한편 대부분의 꽃차에서는 Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni 및 As 유해 중금속은 검출되지 않았으나, 원추리꽃차에서만 0.08 ppm의 Pb가 검출되었다. 따라서 시판 꽃차에서 별도의 중금속 위해는 없을 것으로 판단된다. 건조꽃차의 경우 일부 꽃에서 잔류농약이 검출되었으나 극미량(0.01~0.08 ppm)으로 유해성은 없으리라 판단되었으며, 다만 국화꽃차에서 검출된 chlorpyrifos (0.215 ppm)의 경우 잠재적 위해 가능성이 인정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 건조꽃차의 잔류농약기준 설정이 필요하며, 식용꽃차의 안전성 확보를 위해 식용꽃차와 농약 사용이 허용되는 관상용 꽃의 엄격한 재배 구분이 필요하며, 꽃의 수확, 가공, 유통 단계에서 미생물적 오염 방지 노력도 필요함을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

Objectives : Yukil-san (YIS, 六一散; Liu yi san) is composed of Talcum and Glycyrrhizae Radix, the name is said to be derived from the proportion of the two herbal components of the formula. The YIS originated from 'Formulas from the discussion illuminating the Yellow Emperor's Basic Question'(黃帝素問宣明論方; Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang) written by Liu Wan-Su (劉完素). YIS could clear summerheat, resolve dampness, and augment the qi. This formula may be used to treat the common cold, influenza, acute gastroenteritis, cystitis, urethritis and bacillary dysentery. But, there is insufficient of study about the effects of YIS on the anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of YIS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA kit. The expression of proteins related with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were assessed by western blot analysis. Results : YIS significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS increased by LPS, and thus significantly inhibited the production of NO. In addition, YIS significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the regulation of inflammation, NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role. YIS inhibited the expression of p-IκBα and thus inhibited the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Conclusions : These results suggest that YIS ameliorates inflammatory response in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, via suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this study provides objective evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of YIS including the underlying mechanisms.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to review the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during pregnancy and the applicability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Methods: We searched 6 data bases on August, 2022 and articles about the impact of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, TCM treatment of COVID-19 infection, TCM treatment of pregnancy common cold (姙娠 感冒) or cough (姙娠 咳嗽) were reviewed. Results: COVID-19 infection can bring out negative effects both on pregnant women and fetus. In the case of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, the symptoms and treatment are similar to those of general COVID-19 infection, but the safety of drug intervention has not been completely verified. Herbal medicine treatment can be applied according to the severity, stage and TCM syndrome types of COVID-19 infection, but the prohibited herbs list during pregnancy and its dosage should be checked carefully. Also, when it comes to pregnancy disease, the effect of "Stabilizing Fetus" should be considered in the perspective of TCM treatment strategy. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Scutellariae Radix have been widely used on COVID-19 infection and the safety of them during pregnancy have been verified. In the case of acupuncture treatment, acupoints also can be selected according to the severity, symptoms, and TCM syndrome types of COVID-19, but acupoints with strong Qi sensitivity or acupoints located in lower abdomen should be avoided during pregnancy. Conclusions: TCM treatment can be applied to COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Clinical studies and systematic reviews of the efficacy and safety of TCM treatment on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy are required.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 저온물류 시스템의 단열용기의 온도유지 성능에 대하여 5℃급 저온 LHM을 배치하였을 때 배치구성 조건에 따른 온도특성을 확인하였다. LHM을 단열용기 내부에 배치하였을 때 6면과 5면에 상/하부 배치 비중에 차이를 두고 외기부하에 따른 내부 공기 온도균일도 및 목표 온도 유지시간을 분석하였다. 단열용기 내부 공기는 상부의 상승온도와 이때 발생하는 밀도차에 의한 공기 대류현상이 온도 성층화를 발생시키고, 균일도를 확보하기 위해 LHM의 상부 배치 비중이 하부보다 컸을 때 균일성이 높고 유지 시간이 오래 지속되는 것을 확인하였다. 다만, 상부 배치 비중을 높이기 위해 하부 배치를 제외한 조건에서 높은 균일성을 보이지만 짧은 유지 시간으로 보여 적정조건으로 알맞지 않다. 결과적으로 단열용기의 단열재 대칭구성과 LHM의 동일한 중량을 배치하여 보냉용기를 제작할 경우, LHM의 전면 배치를 바탕으로 하부에 비해 상부 배치 비중을 늘렸을 때 내부 공기 온도의 분포 균일도와 유지시간 성능을 높이는데 효율적인 방안이라고 판단된다. 저온물류 보냉용기 성능분석에 있어, 본 연구를 기반으로 다른 조건의 상변화 온도와 잠열량을 갖는 다양한 저온영역대의 LHM을 적용한 수치해석을 수행하여 성능 예측 결과를 확보할 수 있고 온도 균일도를 위한 단열 및 잠열 복합 구성 이송 용기의 최적 설계조건 수립에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.290-301
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• 1989

This is preliminary report on anthrax epidemic occurred in an island with about 100 residents. Since 1982 there had been sudden deaths among all kinds of domestic animals including cattle, dogs, ducks, chicken and goat but only a few among cats in an isolated island about three hours distance away by ferry boat from Mokpo city. From 1986 through 1988 nine human deaths and four patients occurred, which made the government intervene for investigation on June 25 1988. The epidemiological investigation consisted of interview survey and medical examination, medical record analysis, laboratory work to isolate the pathogens under the direction of hypothesis derived from the study and further confirmation of the pathogens by international institute. The summarized results are as followings: 1. According to the interview survey there were many deaths among domestic animals usually in cold and dry season such as January through March and September through November; 36 heads of cattle leaving one head, more than 40 hogs(all), hundreds of chicken leaving few alive, goats that had taken home from mountain and two or three cats out of around 40 had sudden deaths from 1982 till 1985, when the residents stopped to purchase and take them into the island anymore. Also there were eleven persons who had experienced the similar syndrome complex to those of admitted and expired patients and four of them revealed typical chest X-ray findings; from one of these four patients(Rho) B. anthracis is isolated. 2. Medical record on patients who had been admitted, showed common characteristics of the disease course. On admission they had either gastrointestinal or upper respiratory infection symptoms which invariably progressed to septicemic nature with pulmonary interstitial infiltration and mediastinal widening/bulging, and then to deadly acute respiratory distress syndrome. At the end stage chest X-ray revealed multiple bullous emphysema. One of another characteristics was oral ulceration with bleeding occurred in about 50% of the patients. Laboratory test results in common were leukocytosis with left shift and abnormal liver and kidney functions, particularly at the later stage of the illness. 3. Epidemiological characteristics was striking in that both mortality and incidence rates were high: the mortality rate was 8.7% average, male being three times higher than females but there was no distictive clustering by age group. The incidence rate for both sexes was 28.2% and there was no sex difference although a tendency of higher incidence among older ages was noticed. The highest mortality and incidence were observed in Won village where the first death of animal occurred and with the highest frequency among three villages of the island. 4. Among twelve bacilli species isolated from various specimens, two strains, one from patient and the other from soil where the recently died cow is hurried, were confirmed as B. anthracis by Pasteur Institute and CDC of USA(strain from soil). CDC reported that the strain did not produce capsule in bicarbonate media but reacted with the bacteriophage and one of five sera taken from the patients. Mode of transmission as well as incubation period of the agent has not been established yet, which needs further investigation in relation to the antigenic structure of the variant when it is confirmed.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 사회연결망분석기법 중 하나인 구조적 공백 분석 결과를 이용하여 추천과정에 사용자의 정성적이고 감성적인 정보를 반영할 수 있는 협업필터링 기반의 추천시스템을 제안한다. 협업필터링은 추천기술 중 가장 많이 활용되고 있지만 전통적으로 확장성과 희박성 등의 문제점뿐 만 아니라 사용자-상품 매트릭스의 선호도만을 이용하여 추천을 함으로써 사용자의 정성적이고 감성적인 정보를 추천과정에 반영하지 못한다는 한계점이 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 추천시스템은 사회연결망분석에서 중심성 분석과 함께 연결망 내의 주요개체를 탐지할 수 있는 구조적 공백 분석을 이용하여 연결망 내의 대표 사용자들을 추출한 후 이들을 중심으로 군집을 형성한 후 각 군집색인 협업필터링을 수행하는 과정을 통해 전통적인 협업필터링에서 반영하지 못했던 정성적, 감성적 정보를 반영한다. 한편, 군집색인 협업필터링을 수행함으로써 추천의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 장점도 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 사용자들의 상품에 대한 선호도 평가점수와 사용자들의 사회연결망 정보를 수집하여 실험을 수행하고 전통적인 협업필터링과 다양한 형태의 협업필터링과의 추천성과 비교를 통하여 제안하는 시스템의 유용성을 확인한다. 비교모형으로는 전통적인 협업필터링, 임의 군집색인 기반 협업필터링, k평균 군집색인 기반 협업필터링을 이용한 추천시스템이며, 실험 결과, 제안한 모형이 다른 비교모형에 비해 추천성과의 정확도가 가장 우수하였다. 추천성과의 차이에 대한 통계적 유의성 검정 결과, 제안 모형은 전통적인 협업필터링 기반의 추천시스템과는 통계적으로 유의한 성과 차이가 없었으나, 다른 두 모형에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 성과의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.