• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2021

External shading devices are well known solar control devices that can help reduce the cooling load of commercial buildings. For this study, experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of shading devices in reducing both the cooling and heating loads. The influence of sky radiant cooling during winter was verified for the external shading device, internal roller blind, and window. Results can be summarized as follows. The temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the window with the external shading device was 11.8℃ compared to 14.6℃ for one without the external shading device. This 2.8℃ difference was due to heat exchange by sky radiation when the surface temperature of the shading device was lower than the ambient outdoor air temperature. The roller blind resulted in a lower temperature of 0.8℃ compared to the average temperature of the window's air cavity. This was due to heat exchange by sky radiation of the roller blind surfaces. Without shading devices, the outside surface temperature of the window is about 3℃ higher. The study also found that when external shading devices were installed on both the southwest and southeast sides, the outside surface temperature of the windows were lower on the southwest side than the southeast side.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

The domestic construction industry is changing according to its preference for demand and supply along with urbanization and economic development. Accordingly, initial risk assessments is more important than before. In particular, demand for lease-based investment products such as commercial and office buildings has surged as a substitute for financial products due to low interest rates of banks. Therefore, the objective is to suggest a basic study on financial analysis model development by applying optimization method in residential officetel. To achieve the objective, first, the previous studies are investigated. Second, the causal loop diagram is structured based on the collected data. Third, the system dynamics method is used to develop cost-income simulation and optimization model sequentially. Finally, the developed model was verifed through analyzing a case project. In the future, the proposed model can be helpful whether or not conduct execution of an officetel development project to the decision makers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.741-749
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• 2019

A hydraulic breaker attached to an excavator is a kind of constructuion equipment which is used for the disassembling of buildings, crashing road pavement, breaking rocks at quarry and etc. Therefore, the performance of the hydraulic breaker is mainly evaluated by the impact quantity and impact efficiency, which is an important factor for both the manufacturer and the user. In this paper, modeling and simulation for the prediction of the impact of the hydraulic breaker was conducted according to hydraulic pressure area and operating conditions of the hydraulic valve and piston using the commercial tools SimulationX for the 20ton hydraulic breaker which is mainly used in construction site. In order to verify the reliability of modeling and simulation, the results of previous experimental studies were compared and verified. The results of this study are expected to be useful for predicting the impact of the hydraulic breaker at the design stage before manufacturing and for studying parameters for improving the impact quantity. In addition, the manufacturer predicts that the development time and cost will be reduced through trial and error prevention by predicting the impact of the hydraulic breaker through the results of this paper.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2021

Linoleum is a resilient, hygienic, and eco-friendly floor covering. It was developed in England by Frederick Walton in 1863. Made of cork flour, linseed oil, and burlap as its main materials, the flexible and waterproof linoleum became globally popular in the early 20th century. Unlike the vinyl coverings, the burlap-backed linoleum was used not only in commercial spaces but also in household areas like kitchens, bathrooms, and even living rooms. As a global product, linoleum was imported and used in Korean palaces like Deoksugung and Changdeokgung in the early modern period. According to the record Deoksugung Won-Ahn, linoleum was applied to the major buildings, including Hamnyeongjeon, Deokhongjeon, and Jeonggwanheon, and various other venues. The linoleum used in these places are mainly monochrome blue and brown color, which probably means that they are from England. The trade records in the early 20th century show that linoleum was imported mainly from England and America. The Ewangjik building floor plan in the Changdeokgung Palace shows that linoleum was used extensively. There are even some originals, which were laid in 1920 and left in the Changdeokgung Palace. When Daejojeon and Huijeongdang were rebuilt in 1920, the interior was outfitted with western features and linoleum was used in areas such as bathrooms, the tonsorial parlor, and one of the rooms on the west side of Huijeongdang. In situ in the Daejojeon and Huijeongdang areas in the Changdeokgung Palace are monochrome, patterned black, and stylized floral tile patterned, which are closely similar to American products made by ALC and Armstrong company. This study will help us better understand linoleum's characteristics, its uses and the material itself. It will also form the basis for the restoration of Changdeokgung Palace as well as other modern interiors with linoleum flooring in the future.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Across the world, 'housing' comprises a significant portion of wealth and assets. For this reason, fluctuations in real estate prices are highly sensitive issues to individual households. In Korea, housing prices have steadily increased over the years, and thus many Koreans view the real estate market as an effective channel for their investments. However, if one purchases a real estate property for the purpose of investing, then there are several risks involved when prices begin to fluctuate. The purpose of this study is to design a real estate price 'return rate' prediction model to help mitigate the risks involved with real estate investments and promote reasonable real estate purchases. Various approaches are explored to develop a model capable of predicting real estate prices based on an understanding of the immovability of the real estate market. This study employs the LSTM method, which is based on artificial intelligence and deep learning, to predict real estate prices and validate the model. LSTM networks are based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) but add cell states (which act as a type of conveyer belt) to the hidden states. LSTM networks are able to obtain cell states and hidden states in a recursive manner. Data on the actual trading prices of apartments in autonomous districts between January 2006 and December 2019 are collected from the Actual Trading Price Disclosure System of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). Additionally, basic data on apartments and commercial buildings are collected from the Public Data Portal and Seoul Metropolitan Government's data portal. The collected actual trading price data are scaled to monthly average trading amounts, and each data entry is pre-processed according to address to produce 168 data entries. An LSTM model for return rate prediction is prepared based on a time series dataset where the training period is set as April 2015~August 2017 (29 months), the validation period is set as September 2017~September 2018 (13 months), and the test period is set as December 2018~December 2019 (13 months). The results of the return rate prediction study are as follows. First, the model achieved a prediction similarity level of almost 76%. After collecting time series data and preparing the final prediction model, it was confirmed that 76% of models could be achieved. All in all, the results demonstrate the reliability of the LSTM-based model for return rate prediction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.65-84
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• 2023

In order to establish a balanced development plan at the local government level, it is necessary to understand the current urban spatial structure. In particular, since the central area is a key element of balanced development, it is necessary to accurately identify its location and size. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the central area system for Busan and to derive underprivileged areas that were alienated from the service areas where the functions of the central area could be used. To identify the central area system, four indicators(De facto Population, Land Price, Commercial Buildings, Credit Card Consumption) were used to calculate the central area index, and Getis-Ord Gi* and DBSCAN analysis were performed. Next, the hierarchy of the central areas were classified and the service areas were derived through network analysis by using it. As a result of the analysis, a total of 12 central areas were found in Seomyeon, Jungang, Yeonsan, Jangsan, Haeundae, Deokcheon, Dongnae, Daeyeon, Sasang, Pusan National University, Busan Station, and Sajik. Most of the underprivileged areas affected by the central area appeared in the Eastern area of Busan and the Western area of Busan, and were derived from old industrial areas, residential areas, and some new cities. Based on the results of the study, we can find three meanings. First, we have made a new attempt to apply a machine learning methodology that has not been covered in previous studies. Second, our data show the difference between the actual data and the existing planned central areas. Third, we not only found the location of the central areas, but also identified the underprivileged areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

A plaza represents the identity of a city, and that reveals a plaza's importance. Gwanghwamun Plaza and Seoul Plaza are two representative plazas where the citizens can freely express their opinions. Many major plazas in the center of Seoul were built under the Japanese occupation. Among these, the plaza of Joseon Bank has different characteristics than Gwanghwamun Plaza and Seoul Plaza. Even though this plaza was built in the center of the commercial, administrational, and cultural district during the Japanese colonial period, the research on this plaza has been limited. This study was conducted to verify the features of this plaza by analyzing its construction and transformation during the Japanese colonial period. The study's results outline how the plaza was constructed by the Japanese administration. The intention of the government is shown by the fact that it purchased land parcels and held a design competition. In the 1910s, the government purchased seven parcels of land during the expansion of roads as the place for the plaza. During the late 1930s, the government accepted a traffic circle to regulate the traffic and eliminate the conflict between crossing movements. In 1939, a fountain was built in the plaza's center, and its design was selected through a design competition. It was planned as a square, but gradually turned into a rotary. Furthermore, the plaza was a landmark and symbol of the power and modernity of Japan. As the main modal point of public transportation, the plaza became surrounded with largescale Western-style buildings, commercial advertising, and neon signs. The plaza became a place where people could experience the modern city. These spectacular displays showed that Japanese imperialism was perceived as a strange and peculiar landscape to the majority of Korean citizens. This study investigates the history and characteristics of the plaza, focusing on its beginning as well as the transformation of its form. As to the limitations of the study, it does not consider political and economic contexts within the transformation of Seoul and in relation to this plaza. Instead, that research remains for a future study.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2018

Population distribution in urban space varies with transportation flow changing along time of day. Transportation flow is directly affected by the activities of urbanites and the distribution of related facilities, since the flow is the result of moving to the point where the facilities associated with their activities are located. It is thus necessary to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the urban population distribution by integrating the distribution of activity spaces related to the daily life of urbanites and the flow of transportation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the population distribution in urban space with daily and weekly time bases using the building database and T-card database in the city of Seoul, which is rich in information on land use and transportation flow. For a time-based analysis that is difficult to grasp by general statistical techniques, a four-dimensional visualization method combining time and space using a Java program is devised. Dynamic visualization in the four-dimensional space and time allows intuitive analysis and makes it possible to understand more effectively the spatio-temporal characteristics of population distribution. For this purpose, buildings are classified into three activity groups: residential, working, and commercial according to their purpose, and the number of passengers traveling to and from each stop site of bus and subway networks in the T-card database for one week is calculated in one-minute increments, Visualizing these and integrating transportation and land use, we analyze spatio-temporal characteristics of the population distribution in Seoul. As a result, it is found that the population distribution of Seoul displays distinct spatio-temporal characteristics according to land use. In particular, there is a clear difference in the population distribution pattern along the time axis according to the mixed aspects of working, commercial, and residential activities. The results of this study can be very useful for transportation and location planning of city facilities.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2004

The pedestrian space on the roads shows virtually different images, depending on the local uniqueness that exists in the roadsides, to the one walking. This sort of characteristics of the region originated from the physical special structures of the roadside building the form of the place. Thus, because of the structural difference of the roadside, Pedestrian sense the difference of regions through other images. Research focused on issues of the local roadside sidewalk spaces as what roadside structure is the type that brings out the unique images of the region, and what facets are pursued additionally here, is needed. A roadside of a prosperous region filled with many Pedestrians is selected as the range for the experiment in order to analyze the structure and image of the pedestrian space. Among the roads of the selected region, the structure of the pedestrian space on the roads with more than four lanes was evaluated. As result of the analysis, the images of 10 pedestrian space could be classified into two groups by the difference in proportions of the Df/H(the width of the sidewalk and the height of the roadside building) and the D/H(the width of the road and the height of the roadside building). In order to observe the images of the pedestrian space classified into two groups, the adjectives used to describe the image of scenery were researched, enabling one to induce the images of the two groups form them. One of the images is the image of prosperities, and the other is the image of pleasantness. In addition, as result to the evaluation focused on the characteristic of the roadside buildings in the selected area, it could be divided into two groups, i.e., the commercial region and the business region. The image of prosperities was sensed on the sidewalks of the commercial region, while the image of pleasantness was seen on that of the business region. This study enabled the acknowledgment that in a pedestrian space on a road structure with more than four lanes, the Pedestrian sense different images, depending on the proportional difference in the width of the sidewalk & the height of the roadside building, and the width of the road & the height of the roadside building. This result is expected to be a good reference when a road structure reflecting the uniqueness of its region is to be designed, and especially when the structure of a pedestrian space is to be created.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.52-64
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• 2023

As cities continue to develop rapidly, overcrowding, pollution, and urban sanitation problems arise, and the need to separate conflicting uses is emerging. From this perspective, there is no disagreement that urban land use should be planned. Therefore, all activities in land space must be predicted in advance and planned so that land use can be rationally established. This study used the constructed data to compare and analyze the use distribution characteristics of residential, commercial, and industrial areas in Busan Metropolitan City to identify the building area status, total floor area, and floor area ratio by use zone in districts and counties in Busan Metropolitan City. As a result, it was found that the residential area accounted for the largest proportion of the area by use zone at 51%, and that the residential area accounted for the largest proportion at 63% of the total floor area by use zone. And the analysis was conducted using a specialization coefficient that can identify regional characteristics based on land use composition ratio. Because it is difficult to determine the trend of the entire region just by counting the absolute value of the area, the area composition ratio was calculated and compared. Looking at the residential facilities among the specialization coefficients by use area, it is above 1.0 except for Gijang-gun, Sasang-gu, Saha-gu, and Jung-gu. Commercial facilities are over 1.0 except for Gijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Nam-gu, Sasang-gu, and Saha-gu. Looking at industrial facilities, you can see that the industrial complex distribution area is Gangseo-gu (2.5), Gijang-gun (1.22), Sasang-gu (2.06), and Saha-gu (1.64). In addition, it was found that business facilities and educational welfare facilities were evenly distributed. Land use analysis was conducted through simulation of the current status of building heights according to each elevation in each use area and the height of buildings in each use area. In general, areas over 80m account for more than 43% of Busan City, showing that the distribution of use areas is designated in areas with high altitude due to the influence of topographical conditions.