• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.249-260
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• 2017

UHI (Urban Heat Island) is an important environmental issue occurring in highly developed (or urbanized) area such as Seoul Metropolitan City of Korea due to modification of the land surface by man-made structures. With the advance of the remote sensing technique, land cover types and LST (Land Surface Temperature) influencing UHI were frequently investigated describing that they have a positive relationship. However, the concept of land cover considers material characteristics of the urban cover in a comprehensive way and does not provide information on how human activities influence on LST in detail. Instead, land use reflects ways of land use management and human life patterns and behaviors, and explains the relationship with human activities in more details. Using this concept, LST was segmented according to land use types from the Landsat imagery to identify the human-induced heat from the surface and interannual and seasonal variation of LST with GIS. The result showed that the LST intensity of Seoul was greatest in the industrial area and followed by the commercial and residential areas. In terms of size, the residential area could be defined as the major contributor among six urban land use types (i.e., residential, industrial, commercial, transportation, etc.) affecting UHI during daytime in Seoul. For temperature, the industrial area was highest and could be defined as a major contributor. It was found that land use type was more appropriate to understand the human-induced effect on LST rather than land cover. Also, there was no significant change in the interannual pattern of LST in Seoul but the seasonal difference provided a trigger that the human life pattern could be identified from the satellite-derived LST.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.1 s.55
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes in the east coast of gangwon. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate of G city and Y gun were 0.187-0.384 $\cal{kg/cap/d}$ and 0.136-0.259 $\cal{kg/cap/d}$. Apparent density of G city and Y gun were 137.9-191.9 g/L and 157.3-238.3 g/L, respectively. ii) The wastes consisted of $76.1-97.5\%$ of combustibles and $2.5-23.9\%$ of incombustibles in G city. And the wastes consisted of $73.7-98.6\%$ of combustibles and $1.4-26.3\%$ of incombustibles in Y gun. Most of municipal solid wastes are composed of food, paper, and vinyl-plastics waste. Water content of commercial area, agricultural resident, detached resident, apartment area, school zone were 42.5-45.9, 37.6-43.4, 32.4-38.4, 29.3-32.3, $6.8-26.9\%$, respectively. iii) The low heating value of G city and Y gun were 1,125.5-2,540.7 $\cal{kcal/kg}$, 1,104.4-2,062.3 $\cal{kcal/kg}$, and school and apartment area were higher than commercial area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2016

In order to analyze the surface temperature in accordance with the surface material, surface temperatures between Thermal InfraRed Image (TIRI) and Landsat 8 satellite observed at the commercial area (Gwanghwamun) and residential area (Jungnang) are compared. The surface temperature from TIRI had applied atmospheric correction and compared with that from Landsat 8. The surface temperatures from Landsat 8 at Gwanghwamun and Jungnang are underestimated in comparison with that from TIRI. The difference of surface temperature between the two methods is greater in summer than in winter. When the analysis area was divided into detailed regions, depending on the material and the position of the surface, correlation of surface temperature between TIRI with Landsat 8 is as low as 0.29 (Gwanghwamun) and 0.18 (Jungnang), respectively. The results were caused from the resolution difference between the two methods. While the surface temperatures of each zone from Landsat 8 were observed almost constant, high-resolution TIRI observed relatively precise surface temperatures. When the each area was averaged as one space, correlation of surface temperature between TIRIs and Landsat 8 is more than 0.95. The spatially averaged surface temperature is higher at Jungnang, representing residential areas, than at Gwanghwamun, representing commercial areas. As a result, the observation of high resolution is required in order to observe the precise surface temperature. This is because it appears that the spatial distribution of the various surface temperature in the range of micro-scale according to the conditions of the ground surface.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.517-521
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• 1996

Surface soils sampled at several sites in Seoul, Korea were analyzed to determine the concentrarions and distributions of PAHs. Results are as follow; 1) The Bap concentration in soils was found to be the highest in the industrial area (128 ng/g) and lowest in the residential area(19 ng/g). 2) The Py concentration in soils was highest in the tunnel area (1,110 ng/g) and the lowest in the Achasan area(18 ng/g). 3) The BghiP concentration in soils was higher in road (538 ng/g) and tunnel (532 ng/g) areas than in others areas. 4) It was shown that the PAHs concentrations in residential areas were affected by combution of fossil fuel, those in industrial, road, tunnel, terminal and commercial areas were affected by vehicle exhaust.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1987

Some physico-chemical properties such as surface area, moisture content, cation exchange capacity, swelling rate, pH, viscosity and liquid limit have been determined for evaluation of Cabentonite deposit occurring in four localities; Yonil, Gampo, Haseo and Pohang, in Gyeongsang-do. Montmorillonite contents can be derived from surface area measurement. Enhancement of liquid limit values and swelling volume were observed in the samples which had higher exchangeable Na ion and finer particle-size distribution. Identical results were observed even in the Na-exchanged samples. This suggests that aggregation effects have a great influence on physico-chemical properties. Aggregation of montmorillonite were controlled not only burial depth but also composition of exchangeable cation. Consequently, sample occurred in Yonil area where has the greatest burial depth in the area show somewhat lower physico-chemical properties than those of samples occurred in the other localities. However, the basic test applied in this study provides very useful preliminary information relating to its commercial potential.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to residential satisfaction, and to examine the rural housing and village environment which enable to derive what should be considered in the future rural housing improvement. Data were collected by questionnaire survey in 11 rural villages - suburban rural area, plain rural area, intermediate rural area, mountainous rural area. The major findings are as follows: 1) The rural residents rather dissatisfied with'management/maintenance','economic value','facade'in housing level, The overall housing satisfaction level was just medium(neither satisfied nordissatisfied). 2) They also dissatisfied with'playground for children','education condition','medical facilities', 'market'in village level. The overa'll village satisfaction level was just above average(slightly satisfied). 3) Vrom the result of ANOVA test, there are no significant differences in residents evaluation for tiousing and village attributes among 4 rural areas. 4) Factor analysis identified six rural housing environmental factors:'inside utilities','housing size' 'aesthetic aspects','safety','privacy','outside utilities'. 5) For the rural village environments six important factors were derived :'public services','commercial convenience facilities','social interaction','environmental pollution','amenity','agricultural service facilities'.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the occurrence characteristics of vacant spaces in the old hillside residential area, focused on 7 areas surrounding old downtown in Busan. This study suggests 3 stages of analysis as following. First, after the overall site survey on the vacant spaces in 7 old hillside residential areas in Busan, this study identifies the difference of types of vacant spaces according to each area. Second, based upon precedent researches, this study set up 3 perspectives and 9 analysis indices to investigate the areal characteristics of vacant space occurrence. Third, through the GIS analysis on the vacant spaces, this study tries to analyze the physical, commercial and social/institutional conditions of the areas in order to disclose the areal characteristics of vacant spaces occurrence.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2014

Korean society is running fast toward a super aging society. This means that new solutions for new problems of aged people are needed. An important area to prove is the aging-friendly neighborhood environments supporting casual contacts and meetings of old residents. This study attempts to suggest neighborhood design indicators which support casual contacts and meetings of old residents. The subjects were 24 professionals who had studied on housing environment for the elderly. They answered through the on-line questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of items which evaluate the appropriateness of classification of neighborhood area and the indicators of each area using 5-points Likert scale. Also open questions asking adding or eliminating areas or indicator and other opinions were included. On the basis of these answers, the aging-friendly neighborhood design indicators supporting contacts and meetings of old residents was developed. They are consisted of 7 areas in neighborhood and 60 indicators. Those areas were semi-public residential area, commercial area, cultural & educational area, health & medical area, park & green area, walkway, and public traffic facilities. This would be used to design the neighborhood environments that are aging-friendly and facilitating casual contacts and meetings of all residents, especially old residents.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2015

In this study, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) / Inertial Navigation System (INS) / odometer / barometer integrated navigation system that uses a commercial navigation device including Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometer and gyroscope in addition to GNSS, odometer information obtained from a vehicle, and a separate MEMS barometer sensor was implemented, and the performance was verified. In the case of GNSS and GNSS/INS integrated navigation system that are generally used in a navigation device, the performance would deteriorate in areas where GNSS signals are not available. Therefore, an integrated navigation system that calculates a better navigation solution in areas where GNSS signals are not available compared to general GNSS/INS by correcting the velocity error of GNSS/INS using an odometer and by correcting the cumulative altitude error of GNSS/INS using a barometer was suggested. To verify the performance of the navigation system, a commercial navigation device (Softman, Hyundai Mnsoft, http://www.hyundai-mnsoft.com) and a barometer sensor (ST Company) were installed at a vehicle, and an actual driving test was performed. To examine the performance of the algorithm, the navigation solutions of general GNSS/INS and the GNSS/INS/odometer/barometer integrated navigation system were compared in an area where GNSS signals are not available. As a result, a navigation solution that has a smaller position error than that of GNSS/INS could be obtained in the area where GNSS signals are not available.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which traditional stone fences in Korea possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC-CVM). The stone fences is life cultural heritance of regional residents. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from regional visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall. moreover the public commercial value of regional tradition stone was not only 2,900 billion won but also it will increase an economic gain in every year. Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 9 billion won in every year. This is only 0.03% of the income that farmhouse earns per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan can raise green-tour commercial value of inland area as a long-term inside measurement. Those will have to be propelled continuously.