• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3515-3538
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• 2015

Data accuracy can be increased by detecting and removing the incorrect data generated in wireless sensor networks. By increasing the data accuracy, network lifetime can be increased parallel. Network lifetime or operational time is the time during which WSN is able to fulfill its tasks by using microcontroller with on-chip memory radio transceivers, albeit distributed sensor nodes send summary of their data to their cluster heads, which reduce energy consumption gradually. In this paper a powerful algorithm using proactive fuzzy system is proposed and it is a mixture of fuzzy logic with comparative correlation techniques that ensure high data accuracy by detecting incorrect data in distributed wireless sensor networks. This proposed system is implemented in two phases there, the first phase creates input space partitioning by using robust fuzzy c means clustering and the second phase detects incorrect data and removes it completely. Experimental result makes transparent of combined correlated fuzzy system (CCFS) which detects faulty readings with greater accuracy (99.21%) than the existing one (98.33%) along with low false alarm rate.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2009

This study describes culture conditions for a plant regeneration system via a combined pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in root explant cultures of the commercial rose cultivar 'Charming'. Root explants formed white calluses at a frequency of 30% after 6 weeks of culture on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with $11mg\;1^{-1}$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 6 weeks of transfer to SH medium without growth regulators, initial white calluses gave rise to globular somatic embryos at a frequency of 2.8%, which were subsequently dedifferentiated to embryonic tissues. Somatic embryos or embryonic tissues initially derived from root explants did not undergo development beyond cotyledonary stage. To produce adventitious shoots, embryonic tissues were sliced and cultured on SH medium with $0.5mg\;1^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine. After 4 weeks of culture, 28% of embryonic tissue explants formed adventitious shoots. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength SH medium with $0.1mg\;1^{-1}$ ${\alpha}-naphthalaneacetic$ acid and subsequently grown to maturity. Root-derived embryonic tissues were proliferated by subculture, while retaining the capacity for shoot production for a few years.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.176-183
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• 2008

Performance of electrostatic diesel PM filtration systems (E-DPS) with different types has been tested using the carbon particles generated by spark discharge in laboratory. Among the five electrostatic precipitators, the multiple wires cylindrical E-DPS with the highest collection efficiency and relatively lower differential pressure at the flow rate of $1\;m^3$/min, as an applicable device to diesel engine as an after treatment system, has been combined with another collection cylinder to improve the collection efficiency of diesel particulate matters generated from diesel engines. The multiple wires cylindrical E-DPS combined with the cylindrical collector showed the collection efficiency of more than 60% at the engine speed of 2,000 rpm with the engine loads of 25 and 50%.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2013

The contactless power transfer (CPT) systems have been recently gaining popularity widely since it is an available option to realize the power delivery and storage with connector-free devices across a large air gap. Especially, the CPT with electromagnetic resonance coupling method is possible to exchange energy within 2 m efficiently. However, the power transfer efficiency of CPT in commercialized products has been limited because the impedance matching of coupled coils is sensitive. As a reasonable approach, we combined the CPT system with HTS wire technology and called as, superconducting contactless power transfer (SUCPT) system. Since the superconducting coils have an enough current density, the superconducting antenna and receiver coils at CPT system have a merit to deliver and receive a mass amount of electric energy. In this paper, we present the feasibility of the SUCPT system and examine the transmission properties of SUCPT phenomenon between room temperature and very low temperature at 77 K as long as the receiver is within 1.0 m distance.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2020

Automotive manufacturers are applying technologies for greenhouse gas reduction such as vehicle weight reduction, engine downsizing, direct injection technology, variable valves and transmission performance improvement to achieve the targets for enhanced greenhouse gas and fuel consumption efficiency. In this paper, compared and analyzed greenhouse emissions according to engine capacity, engine displacement, curb weight and sales volume of hybrid and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles. Hybrid emit 32~39% less greenhouse gas than internal combustion engines through the combined mode test method. Hybrid electric vehicle's curb weight was about 7% heavier on average for the same engine displacement, while greenhouse gas was about 36% lower. It was confirmed that in order to reduce the emission of pollutants of greenhouse gases as well as the air pollutants, it is necessary to expand the supply of eco-friendly vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.861-869
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• 1997

In order to investigate the reaction in the system of anhydrite II-blast furnace slag, the paste hydration which made up with a liquid/solid ratio of 0.45 for 1, 3, 7, 14, 28days by the addition of accelerators to 10~30wt.% slag with natural gypsum calcined for 1hour at 500/$700^{\circ}C$ was studied by combined water determination, XRD, DTA, DSC and SEM. As a result of this experiment, it was found that hydration rate was faster in the system calcined at 50$0^{\circ}C$. Therefore the anhydrite was converted to calcium sulfate dihydrate in the hydration for 1day but the slag was not almost reacted. For the gypsum calcined at $700^{\circ}C$, the hydraton rate in the system of K2SO4 addition was faster than others in the earier period, but the activated effect of the system of Al2(SO4)3 addition was regarded as the highest over 3days. As the amount of slag was increased, they dydration rate was delayed and ettringite was observed in the case of K2SO4 system. However both Al2(SO4)3 and AlK(SO4)2 systems showed calcium sulfate dhydrate only as hydrated products.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2011

Ciliates are considered one of the most diverse protozoa and play significant roles in ecology. For successful taxonomic study of these microscopic eukaryotes, a staining procedure is necessary, due mainly to intrinsic difficulties in recognizing characteristics from living cells. Although molecular taxonomy has been used to resolve the ambiguities associated with traditional morphology-based taxonomy, extraction of genomic DNA from stained ciliate cells is not available yet. In the present study, we describe a method to extract genomic DNA from a single protargol-impregnated euplotid cell. By using $HgCl_2$ as a fixative and modulating the exposure time of bleach solution in the protargol impregnation, high-quality genomic DNA can successfully be extracted from a stained single cell with minimal loss of morphological integrity. This technique will contribute to the effectiveness of combined approaches of molecular and morphological taxonomy from single ciliate cells.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 2009

Recently, requests for the accurate process planning using modeling and simulation technique are increasing in many engineering fields including shipbuilding industry. In this study, Combined DEVS(Discrete EVent System specification) and DTSS(Discrete Time System Specification) simulation kernel is developed, and an integration strategy of dynamics simulation module and graphics module is also implemented. To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of the simulation kernel and integration strategy, these are applied to the block erection simulation of offshore structures.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2010

In this study, a discrete event and dynamic-based discrete time combined simulation modeling architecture, which can be used to calculate equations of motions among discrete events, is developed. This is composed of a command model, which is in charge of discrete event simulation, a numerical integration model, which finds motions by numerically integrating equations of motions, and an external force and control force model, which calculates the force and transmits it to the equations. Using this architecture, we can develop dynamic-based simulation by simply connecting and combining models, and handle simultaneously discrete event and discrete time simulation. To verify the efficiency of the architecture, it is applied to the submarine diving and surfacing simulation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a time domain combined field integral equation formulation (TD-CFIE) to analyze the transient electromagnetic response from dielectric objects. The solution method is based on the method of moments which involves separate spatial and temporal testing procedures. A set of the RWG functions is used for spatial expansion of the equivalent electric and magnetic current densities, and a combination of RWG and its orthogonal component is used for spatial testing. The time domain unknowns are approximated by a set of orthonormal basis functions derived from the Laguerre polynomials. These basis functions are also used for temporal testing. Use of this temporal expansion function characterizing the time variable makes it possible to handle the time derivative terms in the integral equation and decouples the space-time continuum in an analytic fashion. Numerical results computed by the proposed formulation are compared with the solutions of the frequency domain combined field integral equation.