• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.1 s.91
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• pp.25-42
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• 2005

Costume is a formative art expressed by active human unlike the field of other living formativeness, and an expression of social actions based on a style of culture in a period. Therefore, costume has a deep connection with a mode of living and is recognized as a 'culture for living', and is more characteristic culture than all metaphysical cultures including architecture, craft, painting, and sculpture. Therefore, it expresses wearer's status or social standing, and furthermore, ideas and values of the times with aesthetic features in their form, color, materials, and pattern, so it is expressed as a mirror reflecting the phases of the times as. Korean costume had been dressed until the period of the Joseon Dynasty without a great change and started to be simplified in a simple style on the grounds of inconvenience in behaviors with the opening of an interchange of Western culture in the civilized period. And, this movement had been continued and Korean costume had been applied as an everyday dress under the name of 'Reformed Korean Costume'. Since the middle phase of 1980s, it aroused many people's interests with the introduction of designs focused on activity and convenience. In 1990's, many people had taken a growing interest in Korean costume with development of various designs keeping pace with the internationalization period and Korean Costume had been revitalized under the name of 'The Modernized Korean Costume'. And, since the 21st century, the advanced communication and full-scaled import of Western fashion have made the introduction of many fashion information in the world into Korea, affected greatly the fashion market, led consumers' sensitivity on a trend to be increased. Therefore, a design accepting a trend 'The Modernized Korean Costume' with fashions has risen. Second, this study is an attempt to suggest a revitalization method of domestic casual Korean costume brands by developing and suggesting competitive and highly value-added products with connection of practicality, variety, and highly sensitive fashion styles. For theoretical study, domestic and foreign literatures, academic journals, professional monthly magazines, and newspapers were examined. And, a process of change and features of the Korean fashion since the civilization period, and concept, features and images of casual Korean costume were analyzed, On the basis of analyzing image, features, and consumers' preference of the modernized Korean costume, a design development plan was established and 10 suits of costume were designed and made.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate the relation between obesity and dietary life of children aged 4-7 divided into two groups based on height for age, weight for age and weight for height. Controls were selected based on sex and age similar with those of cases. Cases and controls were selected using the combination of weight for height, weight for age and height for age by the World Health Organization standard. Cases were 23 children judged as obese. Controls were 37 judged as normal. Whether their mother had a job or not, showed relative risk 1.35(95% C1 0.32-5.64). In obese group, employmental statue of mother was 17.4% compared with 13.5% in control group. In mother's concern for cooking pattern, the relative risk was 5.64 and 95% CI was 1.70-18.66 in the item of "We consider the color arrangement when we serve foods" which was the highest rate. The item having the lowest relative risk was "We cook the meal by ourselves with spending time" which of the relative risk was 0.52 and 95% CI was 0.16-1.65. The item having a great significance in the dietary habit of subjects were "They beat the tablewear with the chopstick"(RR:1.64, 95% CI:0.22-12.73) and "I talk with food in my mouth"(RR :1.11, 95% CI:0.39-3.15), and the other items didn't show significancy. Number of food eating per day for male was 30.0$\pm$10.93 in obese group where as 23.2$\pm$9.80 in control group. 22.3$\pm$4.56, 21.8$\pm$10.91 were taken obese group and control group respectively in female. In the survey for general habit in life, the item of "We has a time for conversation with our family regularly" was high correlation to obesity and item of "We made our children change clothes and go to toilet themselvesj has slight relation to obesity. From above, we observed normal and obese children had different factors such as mother's attitude for preparing meals, table manners and habit of living. So we should take a continuous interest in children's dietary life in order to correct the wrong dietary habit and to protect from future problems.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.285-295
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• 1999

Electroluminescent(EL) devices based on organic materials have been of great interest due to their possible applications for large-area flat-panel displays. They are attractive because of their capability of multi-color emission, and low operation voltage. An approach to realize such device characteristics is to use active layers of lanthanide complexes with their inherent extremely sharp emission bands in stead of commonly known organic dyes. In general, organic molecular compounds show emission due to their $\pi$-$\pi*$ transitions resulting in luminescence bandwidths of about 80 to 100nm. Spin statistic estimations lead to an internal quantum efficiency of dye-based EL devices limited to 25%. On the contrary, the fluorescence of lanthanide complexes is based on an intramolecular energy transfer from the triplet of the organic ligand to the 4f energy states of the ion. Therefore, theoretical internal quantum efficiency is principally not limited. In this study, Powders of TPD, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen) and AlQ_3$ in a boat were subsequently heated to their sublimation temperatures to obtain the growth rates of 0.2~0.3nm/s. Organic electrolumnescent devices(OELD) with a structure of $glass substrate/ITO/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI, glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI and glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AIQ_3AI$ structures were fabricated by vacuum evaporation method, where aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as a hole transporting material, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ as an emitting material, and Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)Aluminum$(AlQ_3)$ as an electron transporting layer. Electroluminescent(EL) and current density-voltage(J-V) characteristics of these OELDs with various thickness of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ layer were investigated. The triple-layer structure devices show the red EL spectrum at the wavelength of 613nm, which is almost the same as the photoluminescent(PL) spectrum of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$.It was found from the J-V characteristics of these devices that the current density is not dependent on the applied field, but on the electric field.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.329-338
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• 2004

This study did derive a characteristic of a cover design through considering a concept, a function and components of a cover design based on a literature study and through analyzing cases of the best-seller cover designs for the literature section from 1999 to 2002. In terms of a reader's preference for a cover design according to an age and sex of a reader, it tried to suggest a condition and a method of a book-cover design through a questionnaire survey and the image evaluation. In a survey of the preference for a cover design, there was the difference of interest degree in a kind of a book, a place to buy a book and a cover design according to an age and sex. In addition, it was shown that a woman prefers the stylish typography, and both a man and a woman prefer the cool color. However, except these two, the reason why there is no difference in preference for visual elements are that a cover design is an integrative image comprising several elements. Accordingly, through the Semantic Differential Method, it carried out the evaluation as to a cover design as an integrative image. As a result of that, an abstract image was shown to be difficult to convey a meaning because of its fall in clarity. Further, a cover design mainly comprising the stylish typography gained the high evaluation in unique and clarity. It is thought to be attributable to the easiness to achieve a goal of seeing and reading in a cover design in which an image and the typography are balanced, rather than the excessive visual. Even though the visual is excellent, there was difference from what having been excellent in conveying a meaning, which is a functional aspect. This study tried to examine, limiting it only to a visual element. It will be hereafter required to proceed with a study on the influence on a reader's preference according to material, bookbinding and a form of book which are elements comprising a cover design.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2003

The chemical compositions and textural relationships of the Nb-Zr oxide minerals including pyrochlore [ideally (Ca,Na)$_2$Nb$_2$O$\sub$6/(OH,F), with up to 24% UO$_2$ and 16% Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/] and baddeleyite [ideally ZrO$_2$, with up to 6% Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/] in the Sokli carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, Arctic are described. These two minerals in carbonatites are the major hosts for the HFSEs such as U, Th, Ta, Nb, Zr and Hf and thus are interest both economically and petrologically. The Sokli carbonatite complex (360-370 Ma) in Northern Finland, which forms a part of the Paleozoic Kola Alkaline Province (KAP), is mainly composed of multi-stages of carbonatite and phoscorite associations (P1-C1 P2-C2, P3-C3, D4 and D5) surrounded by altered ultramafic rocks (olivinite and pyroxenite) and cut by numerous small dikes of ultramafic lamprophyre. The Sokli complex contains the highest concentration in niobium and probably in tantalum, which are economically very important to modern steel technology, among the ultramafic-alkaline complexes of the KAP. Pyrochlore and baddeleyite mostly concentrate in the phoscorites. Pyrochlores in the Sokli complex are generally rounded octahedra and cubes in shape, red brown to grey yellow in color, and 0.2 to 5 mm in size. They are found in all calcite carbonatites, phoscorites and dolomite carbonatites, except P1-C1 rocks. These pyrochlores display remarkable zonations which depend on host rock compositions, and have significant compositional variations with evolution of the Sokli complex. The common variation scheme is that (1) early pyrochlore is highly enriched in U and Ta; (2) these elements decrease abruptly in the intermediate stage, while Th and Ce increase, and (3) late stage pyrochlore is low in U, Ta, Th, and Ce, and correspondingly high in Nb. Baddeleyites in the Sokli complex occur in the early P1-C1 and P2-C2 rocks and rarely in P3. They crystallized earlier than pyrochlores, and occasionally show post-magmatic corrosion and replacement. The FeO and TiO$_2$ contents of baddeleyites are much lower than those of the other terrestrial and lunar baddeleyites, whereas Nb$_2$O$\sub$5/ and Ta$_2$O$\sub$5/ contents are the highest among the reported compositions. Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites decrease towards later stage facies, which is in accordance with the whole rock compositions. The variation of Ta/Nb and Zr/Nb ratios of pyrochlores and baddeleyites is considered to be a good indicator to trace an evolution of the carbonatite complexes.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2003

King George island, Antarctica, is mostly covered by ice sheet and glaciers, but the land area is focally exposed for several thousand years after deglaciation. For a mineralogical study of chemical weathering in the polar environment, glacial debris was sampled at the well-developed patterned ground which was formed by long periglaclal process. As fresh equivalents, recently exposed tills were sampled at the base of ice cliff of outlet glaciers and at the melting margin of ice cap together with fresh bedrock samples. Fresh tills are mostly composed of quartz, plagioclase, chlorite, and illite, but those derived from hydrothermal alteration zone contain smectite and illite-smectite. In bedrocks, chlorite was the major clay minerals in most samples with minor illite near hydrothermal alteration zone and interstratified chlorite-smectite in some samples. Smectite closely associated with eolian volcanic glass was assigned to alteration in their source region. Blocks with rough surface due to chemical disintegration showed weathering rinds of several millimeter thick. Comparision between inner fresh and outer altered zones did not show notable change in clay mineralogy except dissolution of calcite and some plagioclase. Most significant weathering was observed in the biotite flakes, eolian volcanic glass, sulfides, and carbonates in the debris. Biotite flakes derived from granodiorite were altered to hydrobiotite and vermiculite of yellow brown color. Minor epitactic kaolinite and gibbsite were formed in the cleaved flakes of weathered biotite. Pyrite was replaced by iron oxides. Calcite was congruently dissolved. Volcanic glass of basaltic andesite composition showed alteration rim of several micrometer thick or completely dissolved leaving mesh of plagioclase laths. In the alteration rim, Si, Na, Mg, and Ca were depleted, whereas Al, Ti, and Fe were relatively enriched. Mineralization of lichen and moss debris is of much interest. They are rich of A3 and Si roughly in the ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 typical of allophane. In some case, Fe and Ti are enriched in addition to Al and Si. Transmission electron microscopy of the samples rich of volcanic glass showed abundant amorphous aluminosilicates, which are interpreted as allophane. Chemical weathering in the King George Island is dominated by the leaching of primary phyllosilicates, carbonates, eolian volcanic glass, and minor sulfides. Authigenesls of clay minerals is less active. Absence of a positive evidence of significant authigenic smectite formation suggests that its contribution to the clay mineralogy of marine sediments are doubtful even near the maritime Antarctica undergoing a more rapid and intenser chemical weathering under more humid and milder climate.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.301-322
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• 2008

Pauline Hopkins's Of One Blood; Or, the Hidden Self was published in the Colored American Magazine during 1902-03. As a literary experimentalist and a political protester, Hopkins uses her fiction as a medium to overcome and ameliorate the violently racialized surroundings of the turn-of-the-century America. Having been faced with racist rhetorics and theories growing on biological differences between races, Hopkins must have felt an overwhelming urgency to challenge the heritage of slavery in American history. In order to speak out her political agenda in such a milieu, she needed a new setting as well as new narrative materials for the new era. She had to move the setting from America to Africa, the ancient utopian Ethiopia; her interest in the ancient African civilization reflects both a popular African-American vision of Africa and the movement of "black nationalism" of the time. She also needed materials from nineteenthcentury sciences, the newly evolving theories of psychology and mysticism (spiritualism/mesmerism), to explore the meaning of "the hidden self" which unfolds the complex nature of Hopkin's position on race, "blood," and African-American racial subjectivity. Hopkins in the novel explores not the color line but the bloodline. Tracing the horrific legacy of incest in the history of slavery, she attempts to redefine the true racial identity of African-Americans in America and to reconstruct their past, both family and race history. At the very center of her major tropes in the novel-such as "of one blood," "the hidden self," and incest-exists female body. Black female body, though it represents the violent site of sexual body (rape and incest) in slavery, ultimately becomes a vehicle to convey and preserve the truth of racial memory/past/history for African-Americans. As a conveyor of the past, black women not just connect the past and the present but also reawaken AfricanAmericans with the legacy of the African 'pure' bloodline. Hopkins's vision here necessitates the reevaluation of black women's role in family and history, heralding the 20th-century black feminine writing. With the major tropes, Hopkins clearly suggests that the blood of (African-)Americans is unrecognizably intermixed. Although the novel ends with ambivalence and without resolution on what Africa signifies, those tropes certainly offer her a vehicle for criticizing as well as for challenging the racial reality of America.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.319-323
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• 2009

Strawberry is an out-crossed crop that is relatively sensitive to inbreeding, and as a result, most of breeding programmes in strawberry have been based on selection breeding where elite parents are selected from intercrossing. Also, pedigree breeding has been successfully employed in a number of instances to concentrate genes of interest. Therefore, in order to obtain inbred line having the genotype of excellent combining ability by selfing and incrossing to improve breeding efficiency of strawberry, elite varieties were self-pollinated. From the selfing line of "Benihoppe" cultivar, we selected "Wongyo 3111" having excellent horticultural traits such as plant vigor, sugar content and fruit hardness among these progenies. "Wongyo 3111" shows erect plant type, vigorous growth habit, early flower bud differentiation with 16~17 flowers per cluster. Fruits of "Wongyo 3111" are conical type having a bright red skin color, and 17.2 g in an average weight. Also that have a relatively more high sugar/acid ratio and firmness than check cultivars as sugar content of 11.3oBx, acidity of 0.50% and firmness of 21.7 g/$mm^2$. But although yield of "Wongyo 3111" is not significantly different from check cultivars, its marketable yield is remarkably lower than that of check cultivars because of poor fruit-setting under low temperature. Disease and pest reactions of "Wongyo 3111" are more sensitive to powery mildew, anthracnose and spotted spider mites than check cultivars. Therefore, "Wongyo 3111" is suitable for intermediate parent line better than as a cultivation cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

Recently we have interest on rice products developed by environment-friendly management. The technology of paper mulching was practised without herbicide in machine transplanting cultivation of paddy. A field experiment was conducted on Gangseo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluventic Eutrochrepts) at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea in 2004. This experiment was carried out to evaluate rice growth, weed control and nitrogen efficiency by the different controlled-release fertilizer levels in paper mulching transplanting. Treatments consisted of conventional fertilization, controlled-release fertilizer (100%, 80%, 60%) compared with nitrogen amount ($110kg\;ha^{-1}$) of conventional fertilization and no nitrogen plot. Mulching paper consisted of recycled paper which was coated with biodegradable plastics. There were no differences between conventional rice transplanting and paper mulching on missing hills. Weed occurrence and control were diverse and low as fertilizer amount increased. Plant height and tiller number per hill increased as fertilizer amount decreased. There were no difference between controlled-release fertilizer 80% and conventional fertilization plot on rice growth traits. Leaf color and $NH_4{^+}-N$ in soil had similar trends. There was no difference in yield between controlled-release fertilizer 80% and conventional fertilization plot. Agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency was high as fertilizer amount decreased. Therefore, these results suggested controlled-release fertilizer 80% should be optimum amount under paper mulching transplanting of rice considering weed control, rice growth and nitrogen efficiency.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2022

Recently, intelligent packaging of foods has been increasingly developed in response to the growing interest of consumers in checking food quality. Indicators, an important element in intelligent packaging, change color to detect specific substances or indicate food quality changes. Gas indicators can be built into food packaging to detect volatile substances that are released when food quality changes. Ethylene gas is produced as climacteric fruits ripen. Climacteric fruit ripening results from a rapid increase in ethylene production and respiration. In the case of packaged fruits, the ethylene gas concentration in the headspace is closely related to the ripeness of each fruit variety. If an ethylene gas indicator that can be used in fruit packaging is available, the consumer will be able to eat the fruit at the optimal time. In this paper, the characteristics and pros and cons of the ethylene gas indicators developed so far were analyzed by reviewing various types of indicators such as metal reduction-based indicator, fluorescence-based indicator, pH indicator-based indicator, and liposome-based indicator.