• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.377-380
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• 2000

The collapsible phenomena of the circular tubes due to the excessive transmural pressure are investigated experimentally. Collapsible tubes are installed in the test section where the external pressure is applied to the test tubes by applying the hydrostatic head. The collapsible circular tubes are made of rubber, whose diameters are 6 and 4.2 mm, respectively. The hydrostatic water head of the upper reservoir is applied to the test section. Pressures at the upstream and downstream sides are measured by the pressure transducers. The collapsible phenomena are observed as the transmural pressure Increases, and also the flutter phenomenon occurs due to the critical transmural pressure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2004

The lift-off characteristics of lifted laminar propane jet flames highly diluted with nitrogen are investigated introducing acoustic forcing with a fuel tube resonance frequency. A flame stability curve is obtained according to forcing strength and the nozzle exit velocity for N2 diluted flames. Flame lift-off behavior is globally classified into three regimes; 1) a weakly varying partially premixed behavior caused by a collapsible mixing for large forcing strength, 2) a coexistent behavior of the edge flame and a weakly varying partially premixed behavior for moderate forcing strength, and 3) edge flame or triple flame behavior for small forcing. It is shown that the laminar lifted flame with forcing affects flame lift-off behavior considerably, and is also clarified that the flame characteristic of flame base is well described with the penetration depth of the degree of mixing, ${\gamma}$$\_$$\delta$/. It is also confirmed that the weakly varying partially premixed flame caused by a collapsible mixing fur large forcing strength behaves as that just near flame blow-out in turbulent lift-off flame.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.65-73
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• 2003

An experimental study on flame lift-off characteristics of propane jet flame highly diluted with nitrogen has been conducted introducing acoustic forcing with a tube resonant frequency. A flame stability curve is attained according to forcing strength and nozzle exit velocity for $N_2$ diluted flames. Flame lift-off behavior with forcing strength and nozzle exit velocity is globally categorized into three; a well premixed behavior caused by a collapsible mixing for large forcing strength, a coexistent behavior of well-premixed and edge flames interacting with well-organized inner fuel vortices for moderate forcing strengths, and edge flame behavior for small forcing strengths. Special focus is concentrated on the coexistent behavior of the flame base in lifted flame since this may give a hint to a possibility which the flame base behaves like a well-mixed premixed flame in highly turbulent lifted flames. It is also shown that the acoustic forcing to self-pulsating laminar lifted flame affects flame lift-off behavior considerably which is closely related to downstream flow velocity, mixture strength, effective fuel Lewis number, and flame stretch.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

In order to research the flow in the thin wall compliant tube, this present study is attempt to measure the cross sectional area according to change of external pressure and flow by ultrasonic method different from willy used impedance technique for flow analysis about one dimensional Steads flow. The experimental results are as follows. 1) Measurement of cross sectional area ratio by ultrasonic method by comparison with experimental results of impedance technique & theoretical results were well consent. 2) Pressure difference of upstream and down stream is alwap's maximum range at 0.4 < $\alpha$ <0.5, and have no connection with changing external pressure. 3) when the external pressure is fixed and resistance is varied, Self excited oscillation occurs in the region at 0.5 < $\alpha$ <0.6, and oscillation disappear almost at R2>=1.2

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 정맥 등과 같은 혈관의 상황을 모사하기 위하여 선형적으로 벽 두께가 변하는 축 대칭 관의 벽면과 유동의 상호작용을 유한요소 방법으로 해석하였다. 사용한 유한요소 상용 소프트웨어(ADINA)의 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 막힘이 있는 혈관에서의 벽과 혈류의 상호작용을 해석하고 이를 기존의 실험결과와 비교하였다. 또한 2차원 신축 벽을 가지는 평판 사이의 유체 유동에 대한 결과를 기존 연구결과와 비교하였다. 축대칭 문제의 경우, 입구의 압력은 일정하게 유지하면서 출구 압력을 감소시켜 나간다. 출구 압력의 감소에 따라, 유량은 증가하며, 관내 유로의 단면적은 감소한다. speed index(평균속도를 파의 속도로 나눈 값)가 1 근방에서 유량은 최대가 되며, 유로 단면적이 최소가 된다. 그리고 출구압력이 좀 더 감소하면 유량은 오히려 줄어든다. 이와 같은 현상을 유동제한(flow limitation) 혹은 초킹(choking)이라 하는데, 폐의 기도(airway) 및 모세혈관, 그리고 이외의 여러 정맥들에서 자주 발생하는 폭포효과의 원인이 된다. 상류벽 두께와 하류 벽두께의 비가 2 일 경우에는 하류쪽에서 목(area throat)이 형성되며 이 비가 3일 경우에는 상류 쪽으로 이동하는데 하류 벽면의 강성(stiffness)이 상류 쪽에 비해 강하게 되어서 상류 쪽에서 먼저 붕괴가 일어나기 때문이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2012

In this article, the multi-objective optimization of cylindrical aluminum tubes under axial impact load is presented. The specific absorbed energy and the maximum crushing force are considered as objective functions. The geometric dimensions of tubes including diameter, length and thickness are chosen as design variables. D/t and L/D ratios are constricted in the range of which collapsing of tubes occurs in concertina or diamond mode. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II is applied to obtain the Pareto optimal solutions. A back-propagation neural network is constructed as the surrogate model to formulate the mapping between the design variables and the objective functions. The finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit is used to generate the training and test sets for the artificial neural networks. To validate the results of finite element model, several impact tests are carried out using drop hammer testing machine.