• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.571-579
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• 2011

Heat pump systems for commercial building with variable refrigerant flow(VRF) are expanding a market due to high energy efficiency, lower maintenance cost and easy installation comparing with the conventional heat pump with the constant refrigerant flow. In general, heat pump systems degrade the energy efficiency in the extremely low temperature regions. In this study, VRF heat pump system with refrigerant heating is experimentally investigated to overcome the low heating performance in the extremely low temperature regions. VRF heat pump system with refrigerant heating is found out the sufficient heating performance in the -25 degree temperature condition comparing with the conventional heat pump system and is obtained more than 2,500 kPa high pressure in the evaporator at low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.56-60
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• 2006

In 2005, the imports of titanium metals was about 22.8 million US$(7,700 tons) in Korea. New scrap produced was estimated to be 359 tons and the exports were about 352 tons. Generally scrap is recylced into titanium ingot either with or without virgin metal using traditional vacuum-arc-melting and cold hearth melting. In Korea, there is no titanium ingot producers(recyclers). In this paper, the brief summary of major titanium melting technology, such as vacuum arc remelting(VAR), electron beam melting(EBM), plasma arc melting(PAM) is given and discussed. In view of titanium market situation of Korea, the technological development of ingot production from scrap is big problem to be solved in order to realize extensive cost reduction for titanium products.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.127-142
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• 2019

As Korea's steel industry exports 38 percent of its total steel production, the future management environment of the steel industry will change depending on the outcome of the FTA negotiations. The overall industrial structure of the domestic steel industry depends on the rules of origin, which are directly linked to the effect of concessionary tariffs. Therefore, negotiations on rules of origin are as important as tariff liberalization for Korea's steel industry. Korea's cold-rolled and plated companies are expected to be negatively affected as the country of origin standards of steel products have not considered the steel production processes in Korea. In future FTA talks, the country of origin rules should be agreed on a change of tariff classification basis. This result would secure a stable export market through increased predictability of steelmakers and reduce the risk of increased costs of oil and intangible products. In addition, the government should consider the structure of domestic supply and demand so that it does not impose constraints on the change of tariff classification. Finally, participants in the negotiations should consider the opinions of the domestic steel industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempts to analyze the current status of the railway logistics business and to seek ways to improve it by using the business model as an analytical framework. It was intended to reflect practical implications that could be applied to the field, by dealing with issues at the industrial site related to each component in the business model. Research design, data and methodology: This study was conducted through literature review and field research. We analyzed academic papers and industrial reports on the development of the railway logistics industry and interviewed various stakeholders in the railway logistics industry. Results: This study determined the factors that could be eliminated, raised, reduced, or created from the customer and product perspective, infrastructure management perspective, and financial perspective. Conclusions: The growth of existing business can be achieved by lowering service prices, improving service quality, and securing large-scale transportation capacity. The additional transportation of high value goods and cold chain commodities will be promising business opportunities. Existing services can be provided to new customers (large pre-shippers, forwarding customers, etc.) in order to increase the size of sales Urban delivery services and comprehensive logistics services based on complex logistics centers may open an avenue for new market. A more timetable and track capacity need to be assigned to logistics, which significantly improve the flexibility and the competency of railway logistics.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1986

In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law(1962), It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed In the field of fisheries, there is at the apex Central Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, established under the Fishery Cooperatives Law (1962). It is a multipurpose organization with a membership of 105 cooperatives, 87 regional cooperatives, 15 business-type cooperatives and 3 manufactures' cooperatives. Accordingly, this thesis examines the marketing of fishery cooperatives in Korea, and in particular considers the marketing channel strategy of fisheries products. No company can perform by itself all the activities involved in the production and distribution of its products and services to its final markets. It must work with other firms to get the job done. Thus marketing channel firms of the fisheries products include primarily the fishery cooperatives, the licensed dealers and the merchant middlemen. The goal of marketing is in matching of segments of supply and demand. Every producer seeks to the link the marketing channel firms that will help it accomplish its objective best. This thesis tries to attempt to improve the present Korean Fishery Cooperatives marketing activities. The purpose of the operation of fishery cooperatives is to guarantee the profits of fisherman as well as the interests of general consumers by eliminating the inordinate profits of middlemen and by narrowing other market margins. Fishery cooperatives marketing activity functions forming a self-helf organization for economic protection of producers themselves, and acting as a market reformational institution through its transaction by group. The following are the characteristics of fishery cooperatives marketing. \circled1 Fishery cooperatives is organized with an economic factor and a personnel factor. \circled2 Fishery cooperatives is non-profit organization. \circled3 The members of fishery cooperatives is independent constitution of economy, but they are closely connected with the cooperative. \circled4 Fishery cooperatives is a mutual aid organization. The objective of an efficient marketing strategy may be well described by the common saying provides the right product at the right time, the right place, and the right price. But it is quite true that the Korean Fishermen's Cooperative can be said to owe its development to the successful implementation of the marketing system. The use of the marketing system has resulted in the following marketing strategy. 1. The direct marketing system. \circled1 The cooperation between the fishery cooperatives and the other cooperative through the collection and delivery center. \circled2 The selling between the fishery cooperatives and the large scale retailers through the process industry. 2. The vertical marketing system. \circled1The fishermen's cooperative to be nominated by wholesaler in the terminal market. \circled2 Contracted vertical marketing system. \circled3 Abolition of selling by double auction in the landing and the terminal market. 3. The physical distribution system. \circled1 The need for adoption of cold chain system to connect production directly to consumption. \circled2 The need for more expansion of landing markets and terminal market facilities. Solutions to the problems of the Korean fishery are made possible through effective functioning of cooperative marketing activities of fishery products. The marketing concept of fishermen's cooperative lies in the satisfaction of consumer needs. According to the marketing concept fishermen's cooperative should try to satisfy customer's needs through a coodinated set of activities that allows the organization to achieve its goal. Providing satisfaction to customers is the major trust of the marketing concept. To do this, a business must find out what will satisfy customers. With this information the cooperative sells to the greatest possible number of customers through the most efficient sales and marketing channels. Economic rationality of fishermen's cooperative marketing lies in reduction of marketing cost and elimination of intermediate institutions. Cooperative marketing and direct marketing are both indispensable marketing factors for a new cooperative organization among the manu ways. The cooperation between the fishermen's cooperative and the others cooperative, and vertical marketing system are the most necessary ones. Propulsion of cooperative marketing system could not be successful without the support of the marketing instituion's help. Consequently, successful cooperative marketing ought to lead to the necessity not only for the improvement of marketing organization, but for the application of a new marketing concept in the fishermen's cooperative.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.558-564
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• 2021

The water purifier market has increased rapidly in recent years. The welding technology of the evaporator is a key component that determines the level of ice production and the cold water performance of an ice purifier. The finger type evaporator of an ice purifier can remove ice and is divided largely into an instant heat method and a hot gas method. In the hot gas type evaporator, particularly during the production process, the pinhole phenomenon inside the copper pipe and clogging problems occur intermittently when welding high-pressure pipes due to the high-temperature oxygen welding. Its use in a water purifier can cause a problem in that ice and cold water do not form, and repairs cannot be made on site. To solve this problem, in this study, a cap jig was applied to improve the welding defect of the hot gas evaporator. In addition, the oxygen welding flame size was adjusted so that the heat source could be well supplied to the cap jig, and the effectiveness was confirmed through a wave pressure test, a test, and a thermal shock test.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze medicinal herbs, the ingredients of traditional Korean liquor, focusing on efficacy in the traditional Korean medicine. Through this study, for vitalizing traditional Korean liquor market, the researchers attempt to explain the superiority of traditional Korean liquor and the advantages of using herbs to brew alcoholic beverages. Method : We conducted a research targeting traditional Korean liquors in domestic market from July through september 2012, and finally 70 kinds of liquor were selected and analyzed. Results : Among traditional liquors, fermented liquors are most common. When comparing regions of brewery, the central region of Korea, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongnam-do, is major brew area. 37 liquors contain just one medicinal herb. followed 10 liquors contain two medicinal herbs. The most frequently used medicinal herb is Ginseng Radix. And Lycii Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Chrysanthemi Indici Flos are well used medicinal herbs to brew traditional liquors. In the classification of efficacy of medicinal herbs, tonifying and replenishing medicinal herbs are most popular as ingredients in the traditional alcohols, astringent medicinal herbs, exterior releasing medicinal herbs and heat clearing medicinal herbs are also frequently used. Investigation of tastes and properties of the herbs, it reached a conclusion as below: sweet taste is most common, followed by sour taste and bitter taste. Warm property is account for 50% approximately, followed by cold property. Conclusion : Medicinal herbs have been widely used in the traditional Korean liquor. It came out into the open that the liquor with medicinal herbs is very good for our body in terms of longevity and invigoration. However, liquor consumers concern about not only the efficacy but also the taste, scent and color. Therefore, further study about these things would be required to demonstrate the superiority of the traditional Korean liquor.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

In the midst of the current turbulent global economy, traditional investment metrics are undergoing a metamorphosis, signaling the onset of what's often referred to as an "Investment cold season". Early-stage startups, despite their boundless potential, grapple with immediate revenue constraints, intensifying their pursuit of critical investments. While financial indicators once took center stage in investment evaluations, a notable paradigm shift is underway. Organizational culture, once relegated to the sidelines, has now emerged as a linchpin in forecasting a startup's resilience and enduring trajectory. Our comprehensive research, integrating insights from CVF and OCAI, unveils the intricate relationship between organizational culture and its magnetic appeal to investors. The results indicate that startups with a pronounced external focus, expertly balanced with flexibility and stability, hold particular allure for investment consideration. Furthermore, the study underscores the pivotal role of adhocracy and market-driven mindsets in shaping investment desirability. A significant observation emerges from the study: startups, whether they secured investment or failed to do so, consistently display strong clan culture, highlighting the widespread importance of nurturing a positive employee environment. Leadership deeply anchored in market culture, combined with an unwavering commitment to innovation and harmonious organizational practices, emerges as a potent recipe for attracting investor attention. Our model, with an impressive 88.3% predictive accuracy, serves as a guiding light for startups and astute investors, illuminating the intricate interplay of culture and investment success in today's economic landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.2 s.161
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find out the purchasing practices and consumer's needs for pet dog apparel to provide useful information for the manufacture of pet dog's apparel. Data were obtained from 203 consumers who have purchased dog apparel(55 male, 148 female). 57.9% of them were 20-30 years old, 27.9% were living in houses, 54.3% were apartment residents. The kinds of dog included were Shihtzu, Martise, and Yorkshireterrier, and 2/3 of the respondents own a single dog, the remainder have at least two dogs. The most important factor to consider when purchasing dog apparel was size, followed by comfort, design, and materials in that order, Most of the apparel was purchased with convenience as the primary consideration, and the average price was 10-30 thousands won, and the items were purchased at pet beauty shops or specialty shops. For materials, it showed that the majority preferred cotton or a cotton mixture which was woven or woven with knit. The survey revealed that the main purposes for the apparel were, in order, to protect the dog from cold weather and direct sunlight, to be good looks and to memorialize a special day. Consumers put the apparel on their dogs 1-3 times per week, on average, and also when they went out for a walk. They were satisfied with the design, color and quality of the material now on the market, but unsatisfied with size and price. They have a preference for cute, but simple designs and a functional style. The respondents wanted to have material that was mild or neutral, stain-resistant, and something that would repel insects.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.63-80
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• 2010

This paper describes the development of various lighting equipment adapting Ultra Constant Discharge Lamp that has newly been on commercial supply in the market. Meeting the required conditions of lighting equipment, various types of UCD Lamp equipment with excellent performances could be successfully developed. In order to provide a guideline for the economical lighting product selection, the analyzed data comparison between Hi-pressure Sodium Lamp which has been the most popular lamp for street lighting and UCD Lamp is provided. The conclusions of the study are made as follows; (1) The performance measurement result of UCD Lamp shows excellent Luminous Efficacy as 108Lm/W, daylight-like Color Rendering Index as 90Ra, and the best operating temperature range as $-50^{\circ}C{\sim}+85^{\circ}C$. Comparing to the Hi-pressure Sodium Lamp, UCD could be evaluated as much superior products. (2) In an assembled status with the lighting fixture (Type STB형-60W), UCD Lamp was tested OK for one hour duration at the temperature range form $-50^{\circ}C$ to $+85^{\circ}C$ and the humidity of 98%. The operation at the extremely low temperature can be an excellent feature to enable the export to the cold temperature regions such as Northern Europe and Russia and the specific applications for defense systems and special industry. (3) As UCD Lamp is a genuine Korea made product following Energy-saving and Eco-friendly policy, it should be appreciated as one of the best $CO^2$ reduction Green product.