• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to prove the effects of the net-step exercise (NSE) on gait ability, depression, cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 64 community-dwelling older adults were recruited and divided equally into two groups; 32 subjects for an experimental group and 32 subjects for a control group. In the experimental group, the NSE was applied to an hour, two times per week for 4 weeks. The level of gait ability, depression, cognitive function and ADL were measured before and after NSE. The study conducted from July to August, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS/WIN 22.0 version. Results: Gait ability, depression, cognitive function were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings in this study showed that the NSE was an efficient intervention for older adults. Nurses could apply non-pharmacological interventions to avoid pharmacological side-effects.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.199-213
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between the home literacy activities, mothers' verbal behavior, toddler-mother joint attention and the language-cognitive development of toddlers. The language-cognitive development of toddlers was assessed by means of the Mental Scale from the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The home literacy activities were measured by means of the questionnaire used by You (2009), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979). Lee & Kim (2004)'s categories was used to observe the mothers' verbal behaviors during shared book reading; joint attention episodes were observed by classification categories for engagement condition (Bakeman & Adamson, 1984). One of the more important conclusions of this study is our suggestion that mothers' verbal behaviors and the toddler-mother coordinated joint attention were significantly related to the language-cognitive development of toddlers as it takes place within low-income families.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

Students' engagement is very important for effect science learning. Multidimensional approaches on students' engagement defines engagement in three ways which includes cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. Based on the multidimensional approaches on students' engagement, this study identified latent groups of elementary students characterized by patterns of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement in science classes. This study also compared students' perceptions of their engagement in general science classes and small-group activities by the latent groups. 377 elementary students were involved in this study. 5-scale Likert survey were used in order to investigate students' engagement in science classes. Latent class analysis using Mplus program identified 3 latent groups of students engagement in science classes: Highly engaged, moderately engaged, and minimally engaged in three ways of engagement. The mean scores of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement were significantly different by three latent groups. In addition, there were significant difference in students perceptions on participating experiments activities and carefully listening of teacher among latent groups. However, there was no significant difference in students' perceptions on their actions during small-group activities. Educational implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.691-700
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a computerized cognitive training on older adults affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in terms of cognitive function, depression, self-esteem, and activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 53 older adults who reside in long-term care facilities were recruited, 26 subjects for an experimental group and 27 subjects for a control group. A computerized cognitive training was performed for 20~40 minutes/day, three days/week for ten weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 with $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. Results: Scores of MMSE (t=3.30, p=.002), depression (t=-2.15, p=.036), and self-esteem (t=2.76, p=.008) were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL (t=-1.01, p=.316) was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the computerized cognitive training can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve cognitive function and self-esteem and lower depression among older adults with MCI.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2023

Globally, the elderly population is increasing, making the primary concern of modern society the healthy aging and welfare and medical facilities for the elderly. However, many seniors experience cognitive decline due to aging, making cognitive activities crucial for them. In this context, a study has developed a cognitive activity support system for the elderly using the metaverse. To achieve this, the characteristics and needs of the elderly were analyzed to design an interface in the metaverse that they can easily use. Additionally, the type and difficulty of cognitive activities were adjusted to engage seniors in a captivating manner. Experimental results showed that the proposed system effectively enhances the cognitive abilities of the elderly. Thus, the personalized metaverse-based cognitive activity support system proposed in this study can be a valuable tool for improving the cognitive abilities of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.434-443
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the way-finding exercise using a map in rehabilitation of cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with a stroke. For the seven patients diagnosed with hemiplegia from a stroke, we executed the way-finding exercise using a map in the hospital, three times a week for two weeks. Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA) and Functional Independence Measure(FIM) were used to measure the cognitive function and performance of activities of daily living before and after intervention. For the visual perception area and the spatial relations of the spatial perception area of LOTCA, scores were significantly higher than before intervention(p<.05). For the walk/wheelchair of locomotion area and the problem solving of the social cognition area of FIM, scores were significantly higher than before intervention(p<.05). The results of this study show that a way-finding exercise for patients with a stroke is a useful therapeutic approach by enhancing cognitive function and performance of activities of daily living.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 2017

This study developed a occupational therapy convergent activity program to provide dementia patients admitted to the daytime ward, and investigated the program's effect on the hand and cognitive functions and instrumental activities of daily living. A total of 34 dementia patients were divided into two groups: a convergent occupational therapy program and medication were provided for 17 patients, and medication alone was provided for a control group of 17. The intervention was performed for 24 weeks, 8 times per week, 192 times in total. A handgrip strength test was performed to examine hand function before and after the intervention, and the MMSE-K and GDS were performed to evaluate cognitive function. In addition, the K-IADL was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. With intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in hand and cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living. In contrast, the control group did not show improvements in hand and cognitive function or instrumental activities of daily living. In conclusion, the study showed that a convergent/integrated activity program for occupational therapy has a positive effect on hand and cognitive function as well as instrumental activities of daily living.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a senior functional game (Rejuvenescent village) on cognitive function, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depression, and life satisfaction in Korea. Methods: An one-group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected twice (at the beginning and the end) from 100 elderly adults in S city who played "Rejuvenescent village" 8 times (twice per week, one hour per session) for a month. Also they completed questionnaires on their cognitive function, IADL, depression, life satisfaction, and general characteristics. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 programs. Results: The mean age was 70.06(${\pm}3.77$) years, with a range of 65-80 years old. Among 100 subjects, 21% were male and 85% were young old. There were statistically significant differences in cognitive function (t=-3.32, p=.001), IADL (t=1.98, p=.049), and life satisfaction (t=-2.15, p=.034). Although there was no statistically significant difference in mean depression score (t=1.06, p=.292), categorized depression was statistically significant (${\chi}^2=62.97$, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings in this study show that the serious game (Rejuvenescent village) was effective for older Koreans' cognitive function, IADL, depression, and life satisfaction. Thus, we need to consider senior functional games to get health benefits by making elderly adults active with enjoyment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.29-43
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• 2023

Background: In the rehabilitation of stroke patients, regular physical activity is very important not only as a treatment for maximal functional recovery but also as a strategy to prevent the recurrence of stroke. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure the amount of physical activity in people with stroke, and to examine the differences in motor and cognitive function according to a level of physical activity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical activity (GENEActiv), motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index were evaluated in adult stroke patients with hemiplegia. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the level of physical activity according to the motor and cognitive function. There was no statistically significant difference in motor and cognitive function according to the level of physical activity, but there was a statistically significant difference in the MBI (p<.01). Conclusion: As a result of the difference in the MBI according to the level of physical activity, it was found that the more moderate to vigorous physical activities are performed, the higher the independence in daily living. These results can be interpreted as that the more often you participate in physical activities such as physical therapy (gait training), the better your independence in ADL. Since regular physical activity participation of adult stroke patients can improve daily living performance, it is considered necessary to participate in physical activities such as continuous physical therapy.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.519-530
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• 2019

According to previous studies, meta-affect based on the interaction between cognitive and affective elements in mathematics learning activities maintains a close mechanical relationship with the learner's mathematical ability in a similar way to meta-cognition. In this study, in order to grasp these characteristics phenomenologically, small group problem-solving cases of 5th grade elementary mathematically gifted children were analyzed from a meta-affective perspective. As a result, the two types of problem-solving cases of mathematically gifted children were relatively frequent in the types of meta-affect in which cognitive element related to the cognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted children appeared first. Meta-affects were actively acted as the meta-function of evaluation and attitude types. In the case of successful problem-solving, it was largely biased by the meta-function of evaluation type. In the case of unsuccessful problem-solving, it was largely biased by the meta-function of the monitoring type. It could be seen that the cognitive and affective characteristics of mathematically gifted children appear in problem solving activities through meta-affective activities. In particular, it was found that the affective competence of the problem solver acted on problem-solving activities by meta-affect in the form of emotion or attitude. The meta-affecive characteristics of mathematically gifted children and their working principles will provide implications in terms of emotions and attitudes related to mathematics learning.