• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 곰팡이 독소에 대한 노출을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 닭의 간, 신장 조직에서 곰팡이 독소 분석법을 확립하였다. 곰팡이 독소의 경우 닭에서 독성이 강하며, 본 실험에서는 가축의 사료에서 주로 확인되는 곰팡이 독소 6종(아플라톡신 $B_1{\cdot}M_1$, 오크라톡신 A, 푸모니신 $B_1$, 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논)을 선별하여 추출, 정제조건을 확립하고 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 확립된 분석조건에서 검량선은 $R^2$값이 0.99 이상으로 우수한 직선성을 나타내었다. QUECHERS법을 응용하여 닭 간, 신장 시료에서 곰팡이 독소를 추출, 정제하여 분석하였을 때 곰팡이 독소 4종(아플라톡신 $B_1$, 오크라톡신 A, 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논)의 평균 회수율은 80.94~98.10%이고, 상대표준편차도 14% 미만으로 조사되어 높은 정확도와 정밀도를 확인할 수 있었다. 검량선에 근거하였을 때 곰팡이 독소 6종에 대하여 닭 간 시료의 경우 검출한계는 $7.6{\sim}145.79{\mu}g/kg$, 정량한계는 $23.04{\sim}441.78{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 닭 신장의 경우 검출한계는 $6.07{\sim}197.20{\mu}g/kg$, 정량한계는 $18.40{\sim}597.59{\mu}g/kg$으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 닭의 간, 신장에서 곰팡이 독소 6종 동시 분석법을 확립하였으며, 이는 생체시료에서 효율적인 곰팡이 독소 동시 분석법으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2021

우리나라는 식량부족문제를 해결하고, 농업용수의 공급을 목적으로 많은 저수지의 건설이 이루어졌으나, 현재 75.6%에 달하는 저수지가 준공년도로부터 50년 이상 경과되어 노후화가 심각한 상태이다. 이러한 노후 저수지의 경우, 제체 내부에서의 세굴과 침식으로 인한 안정성이 매우 감소한 상태이며, 최근 이상기후로 인한 집중강우가 발생할 경우 노후 저수지가 붕괴되어 많은 재산 및 인명피해로 이어질 수 있다. 이에 따라 노후 저수지를 관리하는 각 기관에서는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트를 주입재로 사용하여 그라우팅 공법을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트의 경우, 시간이 경과함에 따라 열화가 발생하여 누수가 다시 발생할 수 있고, 환경적으로도 천연자원의 소비 및 온실가스의 발생과 같은 문제가 있어 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트를 대체할 수 있는 새로운 재료 및 공법의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 국내 산업기준을 만족하지 못해 재활용에 어려움을 겪고 있는 발전부산물을 활용하여 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 유사한 경화반응을 유도할 수 있도록 개발된 고화재를 노후 저수지의 그라우트재로 사용하였다. 이를 위해 실내시험을 통한 기본적인 성능 분석과 현장에서의 시험시공 후, 전기비저항탐사, 표준관입시험, 현장투수시험을 실시하고, 보강효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 발전부산물을 재활용한 그라우트재의 경우 압축강도는 2.9~3.2배, 변형계수는 2.3~3.3배 큰 값을 나타내어 강도적으로 우수하여 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트를 대체하여 사용이 가능한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 현장에서의 표준관입시험 및 투수시험 결과, 제체의 N값은 1~2 상승하고, 투수계수는 8.9~42.5% 수준으로 감소하여 차수 측면에서도 충분한 보강효과를 나타내어 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트의 대체가 가능할 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.903-913
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• 2021

홍수기 하천에서 유량측정은 예산, 인력, 안전 및 측정 시 편의성 등의 이유로 측정에 제한이 많다. 특히, 태풍 등으로 인한 호우사상 발생 시 위와 같은 문제로 홍수량 측정에 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 드론(Drone)과 전자파표면유속계(Surface velocity doppler radar)의 기능을 조합하여 최소 인력으로 짧은 시간에 간편하고, 안전하게 홍수기에 하천유량을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 기존 드론을 이용한 유량측정 연구에서 도출된 바람, 강우 등 기상 요인에 의한 드론의 기계적인 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서는 IP56 등급의 방진·방수 성능, 최대 36 km/h의 풍속에서 안정적인 비행능력과 최대 10 kg을 탑재할 수 있는 드론을 개발하였다. 또한 전자파표면유속계 측정에 있어서 주요 제약 요소인 진동을 제거하기 위해 드론과 전자파표면유속계를 결합하는 댐퍼플레이트를 개발하였다. 이들 비행장비와 유속계를 결합시킨 유속계 DSVM (Dron and Surface Veloctity Meter using doppler radar)을 제작하였으며, 봉황천(금강 제1지류)에 위치한 금산군(황풍교)지점에서 DSVM을 운용하여 홍수량을 측정한 결과 ±3.5%의 오차가 발생하였다. 또한 측정된 표면유속으로부터 평균유속을 산정할 때 정확도 향상을 위해 ADCP를 이용하여 동시 측정하고, 평균유속을 비교하여 평균유속환산계수(0.92)를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는 드론과 전자파표면유속계를 결합해 측정한 유량과 ADCP 및 봉부자를 이용해 측정한 유량을 비교하고, DSVM의 적용 및 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권5_1호
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• pp.627-646
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• 2022

최근 지구 온난화로 인한 기후 변화와 관련된 문제의 심각성이 커지고 있으며 평균 기온 또한 상승하고 있다. 이로 인해 온도에 민감한 다양한 생물과 생물이 살아가는 환경에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 생태계의 변화 역시 감지되고 있다. 계절은 그 지역에 사는 생물의 종류, 분포, 생육 특성 등에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인의 하나이다. 기후 변화 영향 평가의 지표 중 가장 대중적이고 쉽게 인식될 수 있는 식물 계절 중 개화일과 단풍나무 절정일의 모델링을 수행하였다. 모델링에 사용된 식물의 종류에는 봄을 대표하는 식물로 볼 수 있는 개나리와 벚나무, 가을을 대표하는 식물로 볼 수 있는 단풍 나무와 은행 나무를 사용하였다. 모델링을 수행할 때 사용된 기상 자료로는 기상청의 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) 관측소를 통해서 관측된 기온, 강수, 일사 자료를 사용하였으며, 개나리, 벚나무의 개화일과 약 -0.2, 은행나무, 단풍나무의 단풍 절정일과 약 0.3 정도의 상관 계수를 가지는 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 식생지수를 사용하여 모델링을 수행하였다. 사용된 모델로는 선형 모델인 다중 회귀 모형과, 비선형 모델인 Random Forest (RF)를 사용하여 모델을 수립하였다. 또한 각 모형으로 추정된 예측 값을 공간 내삽 기법을 이용하여 등치 선도로 2003~2020년의 식물 계절 변화 경향 성을 표현하였다. 향후에 높은 시공간 해상도를 가지는 식생지수를 사용한다면 더 높은 식물 계절 모델링의 정확도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.52-64
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• 2023

급격한 도시의 발전을 거듭해 갈수록 인구과밀, 공해오염, 도시 위생문제 등이 발생하면서 상충하는 용도 간의 분리 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 도시의 토지이용이 계획적으로 이루어져야 함에는 이견이 없을 것이다. 따라서 토지공간의 제반 활동을 미리 예측하고 계획적으로 세워 토지이용을 합리적으로 구축하여야 한다. 본 연구는 구축된 데이터를 이용하여 부산광역시의 주거지역, 상업지역, 공업지역 용도분포특성 현황을 비교 분석하여 부산광역시 구·군의 용도지역별 건축물 면적 현황, 연면적, 용적률을 파악하였다. 그 결과 용도지역별 면적 중 주거지역의 비율이 51%로 가장 큰 비율을 차지하고 있었으며, 용도지역별 연면적 중 주거지역의 비율이 63%로 가장 큰 비율을 차지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 토지이용구성비만으로 지역특성을 파악할 수 있는 특화계수를 사용하여 분석하였다. 면적의 절댓값을 집계하는 것만으로는 지역 전체의 경향을 파악하기 어렵기 때문에 면적 구성비를 계산하여 비교하였다. 용도지역별 특화계수 중 주거시설을 보면 기장군, 사상구, 사하구, 중구 이외에는 1.0 이상을 나타내고 있다. 상업시설은 기장군, 강서구, 남구, 사상구, 사하구 이외에는 1.0 이상을 공업시설을 보면 강서구(2.5), 기장군(1.22), 사상구(2.06), 사하구(1.64)로 공단분포지역임을 알 수 있다. 이외 업무시설과 문교후생시설은 골고루 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 용도지역별 각 표고에 따른 건축물 높이 현황과 용도지역별 건축물 높이 시뮬레이션을 통한 토지이용 분석을 실시하였다. 전반적으로 부산시는 80m 이상의 지역이 43% 이상을 차지하고 있어, 용도지역의 분포가 지형적인 조건의 영향으로 표고가 높은 지역에 지정되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2023

본 연구는 국가산림자원조사 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 혼효림에 대한 산림 입지조건을 탐색하고 임분의 생장 및 수확량을 추정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 혼효림의 생장은 흉고직경, 수고, 흉고단면적을 변수로 하는 Chapman-Richards 모델을 적용하여 식을 도출하였으며, 수확량은 흉고단면적, 지위지수, 임령, 입목밀도 등의 인자를 단계적회귀분석 적용으로 회귀식을 도출하였다. 국내 혼효림은 다양한 입지에 생육하고 있었는데, 기후대별로는 온대중부권역에 과반수 이상이 분포하고 있었으며, 해발고별로는 101~400 m 지역에 약 62%가 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 임령을 설명변수로 하는 혼효림 생장모형의 적합도(FI)는 흉고직경 0.32, 수고 0.22, 흉고단면적 0.18로 도출되어, 다소 낮은 적합도 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 추정식의 실측치와 추정치 간의 관계 그래프 및 잔차 등을 고려할 때, 임령을 설명변수로 이용하는 추정모형의 사용은 특별한 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 혼효림의 수확모형은 여러 생장인자 중 흉고단면적(BA), 지위지수(SI), 임령(Age)이 단계적으로 투입되는 회귀식 Stand volume =-162.6859+6.3434 ∙ BA+9.9214 ∙ SI+0.7271 ∙ Age이 도출되었으며, 식의 설명력 (R²)은 약 96% 였다. 앞서 도출된 최적의 생장 및 수확모형을 이용하여 임시 임분수확표가 만들어 졌다. 또한 임시 임분수확표 자료를 활용하여 혼효림의 재적수확최대벌기령을 도출하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-115
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• 1992

The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t＝1.93, p＜0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t＝2.75, p＜0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t＝2.10, p＜0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t＝3.72, p＜0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t＝1.96, p＜0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t＝2.44, p＜0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t＝2.87, p＜0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t＝3.26, p＜0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t＝2.07, p＜0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t＝3.04, p＜0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t＝2.29, p＜0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t＝2.4g, p＜0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t＝2.87, P＜0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t＝2.51, p＜0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t＝2.43, p＜0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r＝0.57, p＜0.01)

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

Tongue cancer는 혀에 생기는 악성종양으로 전체 암의 1.8%, oral cancer의 75%를 차지할 정도로 발생 빈도가 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 초기 진단, 전이유무, 병기설정 등을 위해 PET/CT 검사를 실시하고 있다. Tongue cancer 환자의 PET/CT 검사 시 close mouth 상태로 Torso를 촬영하고 있으며 그에 따른 겹침이나 인공물의 영향으로 병소부위가 명확히 관찰되지 않는 경우가 발생되었다. 이에 open mouth로 PET/CT 검사 시 발생되는 변화와 그에 따른 유용성을 알아 보고자 한다. 20명의 환자(남 15명, 여 5명)를 대상으로 시행하였으며 먼저 close mouth 상태로 Torso 촬영 후 open mouth 상태로 1bed 추가 촬영하였다. Tumor(T), Normal Tongue(NT), Lymph Node(LN)에 관심영역을 설정하여 표준화섭취계수(standardized uptake value, SUV) $SUV_{mean}$, $SUV_{max}$를 측정하여 Background(Carotid artery) SUV를 빼주었다. Tumor size 변화를 측정하였으며 육안적 영상 해상도 평가는 blind test를 진행하였다. 비모수검정(wilcoxon signed rank test)을 통해 통계 분석하였다. Tumor에서 SUV는 open mouth 검사 시 증가하는 변화를 보였으며, normal tongue과 lymph node에서는 소폭의 변화가 있었으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. tumor size 변화와 blind test를 통해 전체적으로 비슷하거나 높은 영상 해상도를 보여주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Open mouth PET/CT 검사가 close mouth시 발생하는 문제점에 대한 완벽한 대안법이 될 수는 없지만 open mouth를 통해 구강 내 다른 구조물과의 겹침이나 tumor의 경계면을 조금 더 명확하게 관찰할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.