• 제목/요약/키워드: cocoon shell weight

검색결과 112건 처리시간 0.021초

약제에 의한 가잠교미아의 할애효과에 대하여 (Selection of Chemicals for Separation of Copulated Moth of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.)

  • 박광의;마영일;황석조
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 1984
  • 잠종제조시 많은 잠종제조 노력을 성력화하기 위하여 누에 교미나방이의 할애제를 선발하고져 시중에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 몇 가지 약제를 서로 잘 배합하여 이의 할애효과를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 약제 처리별 경시적 할애비율에 있어서 TCTFE 처리구는 10분만에 완전히 할애되었고 그 다음은 TCT FE+acetone (87.5 : 12.5 v/v) 배합구와 TCTFE+acetic acid (50 : 50v/v) 배합구가 약제 처리후 25분에 완전히 할애되었다. 그 외 acetic acid 원액처리는 1시간 40분 후에 완전히 할애되었다. 2. 약제 처리별 산란 조사에 있어서는 TCTPE+acetone (87.5 : 12.5 v/v) 구가 아구별 평균 산란수 및 아구별 평균 수정란수를 보아도 약제 처리중에서 가장 성적이 좋았고 무처리구인 대조구에 비해서는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 TCTFE와 acetic acid 단일처리구는 대조구에 비해 산란수 및 수정란수 모두 대조구보다 적었으며 불산란아도 acetic acid구는 39아로서 가장 많아 acetic acid 단일처리시는 약해로 인하여 산란태율이 저하되는 것으로 사료된다. 3. 약제 처리에 의한 다음 세대에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 알고자 약제 처리를 한 후 산란한 다음 세대잠란을 사육한 결과 전처리구가 경과일수 21일 23시간으로 대조구와 같았으며 화용비율, 수견양, 단견중, 견층중 및 견층비율 등의 실용형질은 대조구와 같은 수준으로 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 이상을 종합하여 보면 처리구중 TCTFE구는 누에 교미나방이의 할애제로서 효과는 인정되나 누에의 생이와 관련하여 볼 때 단용처리보다는 TCTFE와 acetone 등 적당한 다른 유기용제를 선발하여 이들을 적당량배합하므로서 할애효과를 더 높힐 수 있다고 생각된다25%, 45.5%, 8%, 2.7%, 5% 및 29.3%를 배출하고 있었다. 4. 배출된 충체는 모두 암놈이 었다. 충체의 길이는 일자별로 20일에서 40일째까지 일정한 양상으로 발육하고 있었고, 각 일자별, 증례별로 충체 길이는 정규분포 형식으로 분포하고 있었다. 이상의 소견에서 요충 암놈의 인체내 발육기간은 40일 이상이고 감염후 16일째까지의 어린 충체는"메벤다졸"이 나 "피란텔"에 대해서 정도의 차이는 있으나 치료에 저항한다고 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 양 바이러스 감염잠에서는 2개로 분리되었다. 8. 체액단백질의 전기영동상은 FV 및 DNV감염잠 공히 건전잠의 것과 유사하나, 바이러스 접종 8일 후에는 양적인 감소를 나타내어 건전잠의 약 40%에 지나지 않았다. 9. FV 감염중장조직을 pyronin-methyl green 2종 염색을 하여 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 바이러스 접종 8일 후의 중장원동세포내에서 A형 및 B형 봉입체가 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 10. FV감염 중장조직세포의 전자현미경 관찰에서는 바이러스 접종 5일 후에 배상세포의 'cytoplasmic wall'이 비대해지고 그 내부에 virus-specific vesicle이 형성되었으며, 바이러스 접종 8일 후에는 virus-specific vesicle, 바이러스 입자, linear structure, tubular structure 및 전자밀도가 높은 matrix 등의 바이러스 감염에 대한 특이적인 구조물이 배상세포의 세포질에서 관찰되었으며, microvilli내에서 바이러스 입자의 존재도 확정되었다. 특히 virus-specific vesicle 주위에서는 전자밀도가 높은 구형의 바이러스 입자 유사체가 관찰되었는데, 이것은 virus-specific vesicle 주위에서 바이러스 조립이 일어나는 것을 추정된다

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Genetic Improvement of Some Traits in Four Strains of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Moghaddam S. H. Hosseini;Jomeh K. N. Emam;Mirhosseini S. Z.;Gholamy M. R.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 2005
  • A breeding plan was carried out on four commercial strains of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) 101, 102, 103 and 104 to improve some important traits. Genetic gain or response to selection $({\Delta}G)$, heritability of cocoon shell weight (CSW) and specific combining ability effects were estimated to determine the strains that can be improved. Strain 101 had lowest heritabitity, ${\Delta}G$ and viability. Strain 102 was acceptable in selection response but its viability was low. Therefore these two strains were not suitable for more selection. As a result, only lines 103 and 104 were chosen for further improvement. Intra population selection based on independent culling level method practiced from third to sixth generation for both productive and viability traits simultaneously. While CSW and CW had increasingly enhanced during primary generations, they went slightly up after third generation. According to negative genetic correlation, viability decreased during primary generations, but after third generation that paid attention to balanced development of both productive and viability traits, viability increased so that the pupation rate reached to $91\%$ in 103 and $97\%$ in 104 for last generation $(G_8)$.

누에 인공사료의 Cellulose원 개발에 관한 연구(II) (Study on the Extracted Cellulose Powder from Natural Resources for Artificial Diet of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (II))

  • 김주읍;박광의;성수일;유재복
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 1977
  • 누에의 인공사료에 첨가하는 cellulose의 종류별 제제방법별 및 첨가량별로 사육시험을 행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시한 cellulose 중에서는 뽕나무 cellulos가 잠체중과 견층비율이 높고 감잠비율은 낮으며 경과일수도 짧아서 가장 우수하고 그 다음이 소나무 cellulose로서 뽕나무 cellulose와 거의 비슷한 사육성적을 나타내었다. 2. Cellulose조제방법은 PA법이나 NaOH처리법이나 서로 비슷한 사육성적을 나타내었으며 cellulose원에 따른 차이도 거의 인정되지 않았으나 무처리 cellulose는 극히 불량하였다. 3. 인공사료에 첨가하는 cellulose의 양은 건물사료의 15∼22.5%범위가 적당한 것으로 나타났다.

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용천뽕에 관한 연구 I. 용천뽕의 이화학성과 상잠기간 급여시기에 따른 사료가치의 차이 (Studies on the Mulberry Variety Yongchonppong I. Physico-chemical Properties of Yongchonppong and Differencies of Leaf Value for Food in Growing Silkworm through Different Feeding Period.)

  • 박광준;양성열
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.94-100
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    • 1990
  • 우리나라의 대표적인 내동성뽕품종인 용천뽕의 엽질을 규명하고 그 이용효율증진을 위하여 뽕잎을 분석하는 한편 1987년과 1988년에 잠박육과 조상육으로 사율시험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4-5령은 용천뽕으로 사육한 때의 수견량은 개량뽕 대비 춘잠기에 5%, 추잠기에 10% 떨어졌으나 견층비율과 생사량비율은 개량뽕과 같거나 약간 높았으며 춘잠기의 생사량은 개량뽕과 대등하고 추잠기에는 75 정도 낮았다. 2. 4령기에만 용천뽕으로 사육한 때의 사율시험은 거의 개량뽕과 같았다. 3. 4령기간과 5령전기를 용천뽕으로 사육하면 수견량은 개량뽕의 95%, 생사량은 97-98% 수준에까지 향상되었다. 4. 용천뽕은 전실소, 조단백질이 개량뽕보다 적은 반면 전탄수화물 조분 조지방 함량이 많았으며 무기물 중에는 인산과 붕소가 많고 망간 함량은 적었다. 5. 용천뽕의 엽면적중은 1.57g/dcm2, 잎두께는 113$\mu$으로 개량뽕보다 가볍고 얇었으며 방치 3시간 후의 수분감모율은 41.3%로 갸량뽕보다 4.6% 많었다.

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Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Leaf Surface Trichomes in Mulberry and Its Influence on Rearing Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

  • Kesavacharyulu, K.;Kumar, Vineet;Sarkar, A.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2004
  • The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (>1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Different Populations of Raily Ecorace of Indian Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea Mylitta Drury Using ISSR Markers

  • Srivastava, Ashok Kumar;Kar, Prasanta Kumar;Sinha, Ravibhushan;Sinha, Manoj Kumar;Vijayaprakash, Nanjappa Basavappa
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 2009
  • Raily ecorace of Indian tasar silkworm is wild in nature and distributed abundantly in dense deciduous forest on Shorea robusta (Sal) in Bastar ($17^{\circ}4'$ and $20^{\circ}34'$ N, $80^{\circ}15'$ and $82^{\circ}15'$ E and altitude ranging from 150 to 1200 mMSL) forest ranges of Chhattisgarh, India. It is represented by about 20 populations. Out of those, eleven populations showed intra- as well as inter- population variability based on phenotypic expression and also in major economic traits viz. cocoon weight, shell weight, filament length and denier. Genetic diversity in these eleven populations was studied using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The band profiles generated with eight ISSR primers have depicted variation in band size. All the primers exhibited polymorphism which is an indicative of the genetic variation in individual Raily silkworm. Among the populations, total polymorphism recorded was 76%. The population genetic aspects assessed through POPGENE software package are discussed in the paper. Nei's gene diversity (h) ranged from 0.194 to 0.337 exhibiting high heterozygosity. Relevance of the present study is of high significance in formulating conservation strategies and sustainable utilization of the economically important Raily ecorace of Antheraea mylitta.

Evaluation of Relative Fluoride Toxicity and Its Impact on Growth, Economic Characters and Fecundity of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Ramakrishna, S.;Nath, B.Surendra;Jayaprakash
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2004
  • A detailed evaluation of relative toxicity of fluoride to die 5th instar larvae of PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworm and the effects of lethal, sublethal and prevailing levels of fluoride in groundwater on the growth, economic characters and fecundity of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were studied. The feeding of mulberry, Morus alba leaves treated with lethal and sublethal doses of fluoride to PM and NB$_4$D$_2$ races of silkworms from the beginning of the 5th instar to the end of the feeding period resulted in significant reduction in growth, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, silk index, average filament length, and fecundity when compared to controls. These manges were more pronounced on exposure to lethal dose than sublethal dose and in general, the changes induced by fluoride were more striking in NB$_4$D$_2$ than PM, indicating the greater resistance of PM to higher fluoride levels. Groundwater quality in sericulturally important villages of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh States has been studied with special reference to the presence of fluoride. On exposure to dose of prevailing levels in the waters of sericulturally important areas, die changes observed on growth, economic characters and fecundity were slightly lower when compared to controls and the decrease was found to be insignificant (P$\geq$0.05). It was concluded that, though minute dose (4.0 ppm) of fluoride did not have any toxic impact, it is toxic at higher concentrations to silkworms.

Estimation of Genetic Components of Variance in Biparental Progenies of Bivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

  • Malik, Gulam Nabi;Sofi, Abdul Majeed;Haque Rufaie, Syed Zia;Singh, Tejender Paul;Aijaz, Mohammad;Malik, Manzoor Ahmad;Dar, Habib Ullah
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.279-281
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    • 2004
  • Components of genetic variation were estimated for five metric traits using 24 biparental progenies (N. C. Design III) generated from F$_2$ generation of a commercial bivoltine silkworm hybrid, SH$_{6}$${\times}$NB$_4$D$_2$. Variance due to additive ($\sigma$$^2$A) and dominance ($\sigma$$^2$D) gene effects was significant for single cocoon weight and shell weight. However, magnitude of former was greater than latter indicating preponderance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these two traits. Average degree of dominance was in the range of partial dominance for all the traits. High estimates of heritability (ns) indicated operation of genes with large additive effects, hence, scope exists for improvement of present populations through a few cycles of selection.n.

누에 장려품종간 교잡누에의 실용형질 비교 (Comparison of F1 and F2 hybrid on authorized silkworm variety)

  • 김기영;김미자;지상덕;김남숙;김용순;성규병;박광영;강필돈
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.12-18
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    • 2015
  • 본 시험은 잠종수출 및 잠종제조 능률향상 면에서 교잡종 F2 및 품종간 잡종의 이용을 검토하기 위하여 현재 장려품종으로 보급되고 있는 백옥잠과 금옥잠을 이용하여 교잡종(F1), 2대잡종(F2) 및 품종간 잡종의 실용형질의 생산성을 비교 검토하였다. 1. 전령 사육일수는 F2가 5령 및 전령 모두 길었다. 2. 2세대 잡종(F2)은 교잡종에 비해 화용비율은 2 ~ 13% 정도 낮았고, 1만두 수견량은 16 ~ 21% 낮았다. 3. 전견중에서 2세대 잡종(F2)은 교잡종에 비해 9 ~ 21% 낮았고, 견층중은 10 ~ 18% 낮았다. 4. 고치의 크기를 나타내는 1리터 개수는 2대 잡종은 교잡종에 비해 고치의 크기가 작고 고르지 못한 경향을 나타냈다. 5. 1나방 산란수는 교잡종보다 2대 잡종에서 백옥잠은 14%가 많은 655개, 금옥잠은 40%가 많은 625개 이었다. 6. 견사량, 1만두 생사량 등 사질조사 성적도 교잡종보다 2대 잡종에서 생산성이 많이 떨어지는 경향을 나타냈다. 2대 잡종 잠종 생산시에 유리한 점은 암수감별이나 발아조절이 필요가 없어 잠종생산 노력이나 비용을 많이 절감할 수 있으나, 산란수가 많아지는 외에는 실용형질에서 생산성이 크게 낮아져 2대 잡종 잠종으로 고치를 생산할 경우는 경제성 등을 고려하여 추후 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

$\alpha$- and $\beta$-Amylase Isozyme Expresser Native Proteins in Tropical Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

  • Chattopadhyay, G.K.;Verma, A.K.;Sengupta, A.K.;Das, S.K.;Urs, S.Raje
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.189-194
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    • 2004
  • Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 & 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 &302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.