• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.21-33
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• 2003

According as the importance of brand value has increased, it's so significant that we analysis brand loyalty and buying-behavior types in the side of various consumption. Also, it will make it for us to presuppose consumer's buying-behaviors in modem society. As an analytical result of consumer's buying-behavior type, they were divided into four type; price value consciousness type, sale orientation type, price-quality schema type, convenience type. As a result of cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA on the three type of consumer's buying-behavior : Price-orientation type, high quality orientation, convience orientation. And it was found that there was relation between buying-behavior types and brand loyalty. Specially, it was high positive relationship between high quality orientation and brand loyalty, convience orientation and brand loyalty.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

First, this paper compute difference value between frames using the composed method of $X^2$ histogram and color histogram and the normalization. Next, cluster representative frame was decided by using the clustering for distance and the k-mean grouping. Finally, representative frame of group was decided by using the likelihood ratio. Proposed method can be known by experiment as outstanding of detection rather than other methods, due to computing of difference value, clustering and grouping, and detecting of representative frame.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.96-111
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify users' choice behavior of theme parks. overland. Lotte World, Seoul Land, Dreamland and Children's Grand Park were selected as study areas. Both multinomial logic model(MNL), nested logic model(NMNL) and joint logit model wet$.$e test using a choice-based sample collected on study areas. Hausman-McFadden test showed that the MNL is not appropriate because the IIA assumption is violated. To avoid the problematic IIA assumption, the NMNL was tested. It splits similar alternatives into groups and nests separate decisions into hierarchical order to avoid the IIA assumption. Cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were conducted to find applicable nest structures. The inclusive value coefficient was 0.7788. It meant that sufficient condition of this model is met and users' choice behavior can be better understood by NMNL than MNL. The $\rho$2 value and accuracy of prediction of this model were 0.402 and 46.33% , respectively. Several comments were suggested to make the NMNL to be more reliable for future research on users' choice behavior of theme park.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2010

This study identifies the dimensions of cosmetics consumption values and the differences in cosmetics brand selection through a cosmetics consumption value group and by product type. The subjects of the study were females over age 20 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province between January and February 2008; 427 questionnaires were used for analysis. For data analysis the SPSS 17.0 statistical program was used, and principal component analysis, factor analysis using Varimax rotation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability testing, cluster analysis, ANOVA test, and Duncan test were conducted. The results and conclusions of this study are as follows. The dimensions of cosmetics consumption values were found to be the pleasure value, the fashion value, the function value, the brand ostentation value, and the appearance ostentation value. Five types of groups by factor were identified: the group seeking function, the group seeking fashion and brand ostentation, the group seeking pleasure, the group seeking appearance and brand ostentation, and the indifferent group. Second, The group attaching importance to functionality was more likely to select high-priced brands while the group attaching importance to brand awareness were more likely to seek foreign brands, irrespective of product type. As far as base and color cosmetics are concerned, the group attaching importance to pleasure was more likely to select low, medium, and high priced foreign brands, as well as low and medium priced domestic brands. As for body products, the group attaching importance to fashion and brand awareness tended to select low, medium, and high priced domestic brands, as well as high priced foreign brands. By simultaneously purchasing high, medium, and low priced brands, these groups display an ambivalent consumption pattern. This study identified the differing dimensions around cosmetics consumption values and cosmetic brand selection. The research findings helps cosmetic companies set product prices and contributes to cosmetic marketing strategies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-447
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• 2017

This study reveals the components of college women's shopping orientations and compares the attributes of shoes accordingly. This study attempts to investigate the needs of consumers in the target market of young women by comparing the importance of shoe attributes with their shopping orientations and to provide basic data for efficient marketing strategies which could increase sales. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey. Of a total of 330 questionnaires, 319 were used for statistical analysis. The survey was carried out from July to August 2016. The 17 shopping orientation-related questions and 13 questions about shoe purchase attributes were measured using a five-point Likert Scale. SPSS 23 was used to carry out: descriptives, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test. Shopping orientations were divided between brand orientation, pleasure orientation, trend orientation and utilitarian orientation. Shoe attributes were categorized into ostentation value, product value, economic value and aesthetic value. College women were divided into the following groups: active shopping, passive shopping, rational shopping and conforming shopping. According to the comparison of the importance of shoe attributes by consumer type among college women, a significant difference by group was found in ostentation value and aesthetic value only. Furthermore, the average scores on the importance of product value and economic value were very high without significant differences between groups. The study results would be available as basic data to help improving the visual image of shoes and product quality for brands targeting young women in the fashion industry.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate bag purchase behaviors according to materialism value. The subjects were 443 male and female adult consumers in their 20s to 50s. The research method was a survey, and the questionnaire consisted of questions on materialism value, bag purchase behaviors, and demographic characteristics. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, χ² test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test were performed. The results of this study were as follows. First, materialism value was derived from three factors (happiness pursuit, possession-oriented, and success judgment). Second, subjects could be divided into three groups (happiness pursuit group, success judgment pursuit group, and immaterialism group) based on the materialism value variable. Third, the derived groups showed many differences in bag purchase behaviors. The happiness pursuit group considered all bag evaluation criteria factors (practicality, aesthetics, economy, symbolism) and bag purchasing information sources factors (mass media and personal sources) more than other groups, and showed a tendency to prefer select shops and complex shopping malls as bag purchasing places. In addition, the average annual cost and frequency of purchasing bags of this group were higher than those of other groups. The success judgment pursuit group considered symbolism as a bag evaluation criteria more than other groups, and considered personal sources as bag purchasing information sources more than mass media sources, and preferred luxury stores and department stores as bag purchasing places. On the other hand, the immaterialism group considered practicality and aesthetics as bag evaluation criteria and placed less importance on all information sources than other groups, and preferred Internet shopping malls as purchasing places. This group had the lowest average annual purchase cost and frequency among the three consumer groups. This study suggested that materialism value is a useful variable to segment male and female adult consumer markets effectively, and to understand the bag purchase behaviors of consumer groups divided by materialism value.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

In this paper we propose a robust clustered croup Multicast in Ad-hoc network. The proposed scheme applies to weighted clustered Algorithm. Ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration or reliable support services such as wired network and base station. In ad hoc network routing protocol because of limited bandwidth and high mobility robust, simple and energy consume minimal. WCGM method uses a base structure founded on combination weighted value and applies combination weight value to cluster header keeping data transmission by scoped flooding, which is the advantage of the exiting FGMP method. Because this method has safe and reliable data transmission, it shows the effect to decrease both overhead to preserve transmission structure and overhead for data transmission.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate climax index by eco-morphology for major 36 tree and sub-tree species in natural deciduous forests so as to interpret seral position of each species in the forest community. Fourteen eco-morphological characters which were considered to be associated with successional gradient in the forest were selected for the study. Four levels per character for each species were given on a standardized scale of increasing climax, and the index was computed by the proportion of the sum of total scores, expressed by percent values. With calculated mean value of 54.8 for all indices, Carpinus cordata had the highest index value of 90.5, and Populus davidiana recorded the lowest of 13.2. The most climax group, greater than 70 of the index, contained only 8 species, intermediate group, between 41 to 70 of the index, had 23 species, and the most pioneer group, less than 40 of the index comprised 5 species. The result has noticed that the large number of species would take advantage of most diverse resource and niche in the intermediate stage of the sere in the forest. By cluster analysis all 36 species were subjected to be classified into several species groups which had common similar eco-morphological characteristics. The indices were additionally plotted on the two dimensional graph to recognize the positions related to the light absorption factor and reproduction factor. The climax index of tree and sub-tree species developed by this study could be applied to understand the present status of successional stage on the basis of species composition by the method of summing up the indices. And comparison of forest successional stage among various forest communities could be done by summing up the climax indices of composed species in each community. However, this kind of applied methodology should be limited to the forest of similar species composition and site condition.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.857-864
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• 2015

By Wikipedia, data mining is the computational process of discovering patterns in huge data sets involving methods at the intersection of association rule, decision tree, clustering, artificial intelligence, machine learning. Clustering or cluster analysis is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group are more similar to each other than to those in other groups. The similarity measures being used in the clustering may be classified into various types depending on the characteristics of data. In this paper, we computed bounds for similarity measures based on the probabilistic interestingness measure with partially marginal probability such as Peirce I, Peirce II, Cole I, Cole II, Loevinger, Park I, and Park II measure. We confirmed the absolute value of Loevinger measure wasthe upper limit of the absolute value of any other existing measures. Ordering of other measures is determined by the size of concurrence proportion, non-simultaneous occurrence proportion, and mismatch proportion.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1998

It was studied about the effects of irrigation schedules by integrated solar radiation on fruit sweetness of cherry tomato in perlite and polyurethane(PUR) culture. In PUR culture. the brix % was decreased with frequent irrigation and their differences were increased as high as the cluster. The brix % in PUR culture was higher than in perlite culture and their differences were large in proportion as the Plant grew when the Percentage of drainage was 25%. The a＊ value, expressing red color. was not affected by irrigation schedules when the medium was PUR. On the other hand, the value of a＊ in PUR was higher than that in perlite. and its tendency was large as high as the cluster. The fresh weight of fruit was higher in perlite culture than in PUR culture. From this study it Is recommended that the percentage of drainage is maintained to 25% in PUR culture in view of Productivity and quality of fruits.