• 제목/요약/키워드: cluster heads

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클러스터된 이기종 무선 센서 네트워크에서의 드론을 이용한 데이터 혼잡 제어 (Data Congestion Control Using Drones in Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network)

  • 김태림;송종규;임현재;김범수
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.12-19
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    • 2020
  • 클러스터된 이기종 무선 센서 네트워크는 서로 다른 목적을 가지는 노드들이 계층적 구조를 이루어 링크를 구성하는 네트워크를 의미한다. 무선 센서 네트워크에서는 한정적인 메모리나 배터리 용량 내에서 운용되는 경우가 많기 때문에 이러한 자원을 효율적으로 관리해야만 네트워크의 수명, 커버리지, 연결성 등의 성능을 길게 유지할 수 있다. 예를 들어 특정 센서들의 부근에서 관심을 가지는 이벤트가 빈번하게 발생하여 계측되는 데이터가 증가하게 되면, 특정 클러스터 그룹의 클러스터 헤드로 전송되는 데이터의 양도 동시에 기하급수적으로 증가하게 된다. 특히 해당 클러스터 헤드에서 전송하는 데이터양보다 센서들로부터 수신하는 데이터양이 많을 경우나 링크가 끊어져 데이터 전송이 불가능한 경우 메모리 총 용량을 초과하는 데이터 혼잡 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 데이터 혼잡 문제를 해결하기 위해 모바일 싱크로서 드론을 이용한다. 네트워크, 센서 노드, 클러스터 헤드에 대한 모델링 후 데이터 혼잡도를 계산하기 위한 비용 함수와 혼잡 인디케이터를 정의한다. 이를 바탕으로 데이터 혼잡 지도 인덱스를 계산하여 데이터 혼잡 지도를 작성 후 지도를 기반으로 드론을 최적의 위치에 배치한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 드론의 배치에 따른 네트워크의 혼잡도가 감소하는 양상을 다양한 접근을 통해 보여준다. 제어 변수 α를 이용하여 배치되는 드론 수에 따른 데이터 혼잡도의 변화, 요구하는 데이터 혼잡도를 만족시키기 위한 통신 범위와 드론 수와의 관계를 알아본다. 또한 기존 연구와의 오버플로우 관점에서 비교를 통해 제안하는 알고리즘이 최소 20 %의 향상이 있음을 보여준다.

Super-allocation and Cluster-based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

  • Miah, Md. Sipon;Yu, Heejung;Rahman, Md. Mahbubur
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제8권10호
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    • pp.3302-3320
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    • 2014
  • An allocation of sensing and reporting times is proposed to improve the sensing performance by scheduling them in an efficient way for cognitive radio networks with cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing. In the conventional cooperative sensing scheme, all secondary users (SUs) detect the primary user (PU) signal to check the availability of the spectrum during a fixed sensing time slot. The sensing results from the SUs are reported to cluster heads (CHs) during the reporting time slots of the SUs and the CHs forward them to a fusion center (FC) during the reporting time slots of the CHs through the common control channels for the global decision, respectively. However, the delivery of the local decision from SUs and CHs to a CH and FC requires a time which does not contribute to the performance of spectrum sensing and system throughput. In this paper, a super-allocation technique, which merges reporting time slots of SUs and CHs to sensing time slots of SUs by re-scheduling the reporting time slots, has been proposed to sense the spectrum more accurately. In this regard, SUs in each cluster can obtain a longer sensing duration depending on their reporting order and their clusters except for the first SU belonged to the first cluster. The proposed scheme, therefore, can achieve better sensing performance under -28 dB to -10 dB environments and will thus reduce reporting overhead.

Clustering Algorithm Considering Sensor Node Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Yu, Boseon;Choi, Wonik;Lee, Taikjin;Kim, Hyunduk
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.926-940
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    • 2018
  • In clustering-based approaches, cluster heads closer to the sink are usually burdened with much more relay traffic and thus, tend to die early. To address this problem, distance-aware clustering approaches, such as energy-efficient unequal clustering (EEUC), that adjust the cluster size according to the distance between the sink and each cluster head have been proposed. However, the network lifetime of such approaches is highly dependent on the distribution of the sensor nodes, because, in randomly distributed sensor networks, the approaches do not guarantee that the cluster energy consumption will be proportional to the cluster size. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach called CACD (Clustering Algorithm Considering node Distribution), which is not only distance-aware but also node density-aware approach. In CACD, clusters are allowed to have limited member nodes, which are determined by the distance between the sink and the cluster head. Simulation results show that CACD is 20%-50% more energy-efficient than previous work under various operational conditions considering the network lifetime.

Fuzzy Logic Approach to Zone-Based Stable Cluster Head Election Protocol-Enhanced for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Mary, S.A. Sahaaya Arul;Gnanadurai, Jasmine Beulah
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.1692-1711
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    • 2016
  • Energy is a scarce resource in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A variety of clustering protocols for WSNs, such as the zone-based stable election protocol-enhanced (ZSEP-E), have been developed for energy optimization. The ZSEP-E is a heterogeneous zone-based clustering protocol that focuses on unbalanced energy consumption with parallel formation of clusters in zones and election of cluster heads (CHs). Most ZSEP-E research has assumed probabilistic election of CHs in the zones by considering the maximum residual energy of nodes. However, studies of the diverse CH election parameters are lacking. We investigated the performance of the ZSEP-E in such scenarios using a fuzzy logic approach based on three descriptors, i.e., energy, density, and the distance from the node to the base station. We proposed an efficient ZSEP-E scheme to adapt and elect CHs in zones using fuzzy variables and evaluated its performance for different energy levels in the zones.

A Calculation Method of Closeness Centrality for High Density Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Dehkanov, Shuhrat;Kim, Young-Rag;Lee, Bok-Man;Kim, Chong-Gun
    • 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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    • pp.43-46
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    • 2008
  • Centrality has been actively studied in network analysis field. In this paper we show a calculation method of closeness centrality for WSN. Since nodes in a sensor network are very scarce in energy and computation capability the calculation of the closeness is done in two tiers by dividing network into clusters. In first step closeness centrality for cluster heads is calculated. In the second step closeness of member nodes of the chosen cluster is computed in respect to that cluster itself.

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An Energy Efficient Cluster Formation and Maintenance Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Hosen, A.S.M. Sanwar;Kim, Seung-Hae;Cho, Gi-Hwan
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.276-283
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    • 2012
  • Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise a tremendously growing infrastructure for monitoring the physical or environmental conditions of objects. WSNs pose challenges to mitigating energy dissipation by constructing a reliable and energy saving network. In this paper, we propose a novel network construction and routing method by defining three different duties for sensor nodes, that is, node gateways, cluster heads, and cluster members, and then by applying a hierarchical structure from the sink to the normal sensing nodes. This method provides an efficient rationale to support the maximum coverage, to recover missing data with node mobility, and to reduce overall energy dissipation. All this should lengthen the lifetime of the network significantly.

무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 효율적인 클러스터링 기법 (An Efficient Clustering Mechanism for WSN)

  • 이진우;모하매드 바니아타;홍지만
    • 스마트미디어저널
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2017
  • 무선 센서 네트워크에서는 원격의 열악한 환경에 센서 노드들이 배치된다. 이러한 네트워크에서 센서 노드의 전원이 모두 소모되면, 사람의 생명을 구할 수도 있는 센서 네트워크의 품질 및 성능 저하와 함께 센서 노드들은 쓸모가 없게 된다. 따라서 에너지 소비 개선 및 센서 네트워크의 수명 연장에 관련된 수 많은 클러스터링 프로토콜들이 제안되었으나 대부분의 기존 연구들의 기법들은 클러스터 헤드의 오버헤드 상당히 크다. 센서 노드의 전력 제한과 클러스터 헤드의 오버헤드 문제 때문에 각 노드의 에너지 소비를 최소화하며 네트워크 수명을 최대화하는 라우팅 프로토콜을 설계하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 클러스터 헤드의 부담을 줄여주며 에너지 소비를 최소화하는 라우팅 알고리즘과 네트워크 수명을 최대화할 수 있는 알고리즘을 적용한 효율적인 클러스터링 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안한 클러스터링 기법이 에너지 균형을 향상시켰으며, 유사한 역할을 하는 기법들과 비교하였을 때 네트워크 수명이 연장됨을 보여준다.

DL-LEACH : 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 계층형 멀티 홉 라우팅 프로토콜 (DL-LEACH: Hierarchical Dual-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network)

  • 이창희;이종용
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크의 계층형 라우팅 프로토콜 중 대표적인 알고리즘인 LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)의 원거리 전송 시의 에너지 효율이 급감하는 현상을 개선하기 위하여 DL-LEACH(Dual-hop Layered LEACH) 프로토콜을 제안한다. 이는, 데이터 전송에 듀얼 홉(dual hop : 싱글 홉 + 멀티 홉) 방식을 도입하여 근거리 전송에서는 부분적 싱글 홉 방식을, 원거리 전송에는 클러스터 헤드 간의 멀티 홉 전송 방식을 도입하였다. 제안된 DL-LEACH는 듀얼 홉 전송 방식을 사용하여 원거리 전송의 경우에는 클러스터 헤드의 에너지 소모를 줄이고, 근거리 전송의 경우에는 전송 루틴을 단순화하고 전송 거리를 줄여 센서 노드의 에너지 효율을 증가시켰다. 그러므로 일반적인 LEACH에 비교하여 넓은 센서 필드에 적합하다. 제안된 방법을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다.

Position-Based Cluster Routing Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks

  • Kim Dong-hwan;Lee Ho-seung;Jin Jung-woo;Son Jae-min;Han Ki-jun
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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    • pp.330-333
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    • 2004
  • Microsensor nodes is energy limited in sensor networks. If nodes had been stop in working, sensor network can't acquire sensing data in that area as well as routing path though the sensor can't be available. So, it's important to maximize the life of network in sensor network. In this paper, we look at communication protocol, which is modified by LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). We extend LEACH's stochastic cluster-head selection algorithm by a Position-based Selection (PB-Leach). This method is that the sink divides the topology into several areas and cluster head is only one in an area. PB-Leach can prevent that the variance of the number of Cluster-Head is large and Cluster-Heads are concentrated in specific area. Simulation results show that PB-Leach performs better than leach by about 100 to $250\%.$

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A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol without Location Information for Sensor Networks

  • Lee, Gil-Jae;Kong, Jong-Uk;Lee, Min-Sun;Byeon, Ok-Hwan
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2005
  • With the recent advances in Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, low cost and low power consumption wireless micro sensor nodes have become available. However, energy-efficient routing is one of the most important key technologies in wireless sensor networks as sensor nodes are highly energy-constrained. Therefore, many researchers have proposed routing protocols for sensor networks, especially cluster-based routing protocols, which have many advantages such as reduced control messages, bandwidth re-usability, and improved power control. Some protocols use information on the locations of sensor nodes to construct clusters efficiently. However, it is rare that all sensor nodes know their positions. In this article, we propose another cluster-based routing protocol for sensor networks. This protocol does not use information concerning the locations of sensor nodes, but uses the remaining energy of sensor networks and the desirable number of cluster heads according to the circumstances of the sensor networks. From performance simulation, we found that the proposed protocol shows better performance than the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH).