• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.641-648
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• 1994

Let M be a minimally immersed closed hypersurface in $S^{n+1}$, II the second fundamental form and $S = \Vert II \Vert^2$. It is well known that if $0 \leq S \leq n$, then $S \equiv 0$ or $S \equiv n$ and totally geodesic hypersheres and Clifford tori are the only possible minimal hypersurfaces with $S \equiv 0$ or $S \equiv n$ ([6], [2]). From these results, Chern suggested some questions on the study of compact minimal hypersurfaces on the sphere with S =constant: what are the next possible values of S to n, and does in the ambient sphere\ulcorner By the way, S is defined extrinsically but, in fact, it is an intrinsic invariant for the minimal hypersurface, i.e., S = n(n-1) - R, where R is the scalar, curvature of M. Some partial answers have been obtained for dim M = 3: Assuming $M^3 \subset S^4$ is closed and minimal with S =constant, de Almeida and Brito [1] proved that if $R \geq 0$ (or equivalently $S \leq 6$), then S = 0, 3 or 6, Peng and Terng ([5]) proved that if M has 3 distint principal curvatures, then S = 6, and in [3] Chang showed that if there exists a point which has two distinct principal curvatures, then S = 3. Hence the problem for dim M = 3 is completely done. For higher dimensional cases, not much has been known and these problems seem to be very hard without imposing some more conditions on M.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.465-494
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• 2017

Teachers' conceptions about teaching are important driving and also interfering forces which might affect their actual practice and training. This research explores preservice mathematics teachers' conceptions of teacher discourse, through tasks analyzing and evaluating teachers' moment-to-moment discourse moves which occur in authoritative and dialogical classroom discourse. Some facets of the preservice teachers' conceptions were congruent with dialogical discourse: they criticized teacher's one-way communication and ignoring students' voices; they supported teacher's questions probing students' thinking and receptive attitude to ward students' wrong answers. However, some deep and subtle facets of their conceptions were more congruent with authoritative discourse rather than dialogical discourse: they positively perceived teacher's closed, information seeking questions that funnel students' thinking to the predetermined procedure; they emotionally resisted teacher's questions which might facilitate dialogical engagement by allowing students to judge mathematical correctness of ideas from their peers. Preservice teachers' conceptions of teacher discourse explored in this research provide useful foundations on which to build continuous and coherent teacher professional development programs about classroom discourse.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.452-463
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• 1999

This study was performed to inquire into recognition of cold and heat application. The subjects in the study were 429 adults who were collected by disproportional quota sampling according to age, sex. The instrument was 36 questions that constitured closed questions and semiopened questions that encluded general characteristics, recognition of cold and heat applications. and what will you do when requested cold and heat applications on abdomial and perineal areas. Data were collected from september 25 to October 25, 1998. Data was analysed by SPSS/win, into frequency, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA. The results were following. 1) The subjects consisted of male and female who was from teenage to fifty year old above. According to general characteristics, who endureed moderate cold-heat application, had constitutional fever, good sweat, and taked a cold bath accationally. And the woman think that their body were more cold than man. and the number of cold bath was less than man. Woman felt more harder than man that endured exposing cold. According to the recognitions of cold-heat applications, the 61.9% of the subjects think that cold application is more positive, and the 61.7% of the subjects think that heat application is more positive. 2) The subjects think that oral cavity, abdomen, back, extremes must be warm. 3) The percents of cold or heat application at abdomen were 77.4%, 86.5% respectely and the percents of cold or heat application at perineum were 56.9%. 93.6% respectely. With the above results. we know that the subjects have the fixed perceptions that each body part has to maintain its temperature. especially, they think that postpartum care is correlated with cold-heat application. So when we intervent nursing care, we also must regard their recognitions of cold and heat applications. and we need to educate and explain correctly about cold-heat application.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 2012

This research explores the scientific reasoning of pre-service elementary teachers in experimental design. The article focuses on pre-service teachers' responses to the questions in the worksheets which involve making their knowledge claims on extinguishing of a burning candle in a closed container, evaluating anomalous data, and designing experiment to test their ideas. Their responses are interpreted in terms of categories developed by Tytler and Peterson(2003, 2004). The interrelationship between conceptual knowledge and scientific reasoning is explored using the data. It is argued that coordination of ideas and evidence must be emphasized in the scientific investigations rather than fair test.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.26
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• pp.541-573
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• 1997

This study reviews several innovative electronic reference services that will be transformed in the age of the virtual library. This study focused on reference service via E-mail and electronic bulletin board which is regarded as the most important service in a variety of electronic reference services. Through E-mail and the electronic bulletin board, the user submits questions and the librarian responds with the answer. Though interest in using E-mail and electronic bulletin board as a basis for reference service has grown considerably in recent years, it is still in its infancy in Korea. Thus the purpose of this study is to propose a model electronic reference service system using E-mail and the electronic bulletin board for university libraries in Korea. This system consists of the following modules: electronic reference services policy, open reference service via electronic bulletin board, closed reference service via E-mail, and FAQ. This system is meant to be a guide for those considering implementing such a service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2010

Sewer Pipes are not being managed for twenty years after laying. So, The life span of sewer pipes is on the decrease. For solve the life span decrease of sewer pipes, correct checking of questions and measure preparation are necessary through investigation in sewer pipes. This research investigated on the state of sewer pipes in the housing and industrial sites through CCTV(closed-circuit television) and device of digitalized strain investigation. And, a result is as follows. A results of PE, PVC, GRP, CSP investigations were found of pipe-transformation state by earth pressure and external load.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2009

Sewage pumps are designed with a wide flow channel by, for example, sacrificing some efficiency and reducing the number of blades, in order to prevent plugging with foreign bodies. However, the behavior of foreign bodies which actually flow into a pump is extremely complex, and there are questions about whether the presumed foreign bodies will actually pass through. This paper proposes a new type of sewage pump impeller designed to further improve pump efficiency and performance in passing foreign bodies. This sewage pump impeller has a structure in which the suction flow channel of a closed type non-clog pump is wound in a helical spiral. The focus of this research was to investigate pump performance and internal flow in this single blade sewage pump impeller. The results clearly indicated the following facts: The developed sewage pump impeller exhibits high efficiency over a wide range of flow rates; internal flow of the pump is very complicated; and the internal flow state varies greatly when the flow rate changes.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-73
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• 1996

Common problems have been observed in the existing Information Requirements Analysis (IRA) methodologies such as BSP(IBM), CSF(Rockart), or ISP(Information Engineering), etc. These methodologies require too much time and human resources for the IRA process, involves high complexity, and their IRA outcomes are frequently biased by the subjective views of the people involved. In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for the enterprise wide information requirements analysis utilizing templates and nine closed-ended questions. Extending the BIAIT(Business Information Analysis and Integration Technique) method, this methodology presents nine question about each firm's order type(7Q's for customer side and 2Q's for supplier side) to derive information processing characteristics of the firms. As the central component of this methodology, data and process templates for the manufacturing industry were established. To validate the methodology, suitability of the data and process templates were examined through six real world business cases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-73
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• 1982

Questionaires on symptoms of respiratory disease have been used in Korea to elicit the probable health effects of air pollution in epidemiologic studies: The objectives of such studies often include comparing prevalence of symptoms of respiratory system between different population groups or between the same population groups, at different times. Unfortunately, little attention has, been paid to standardization of those questionaires, whether those are Korean. versions or not. Furthermore, no attempt to develop Korean ,questionaire on respiratory symptoms and relevant information has been made. Followed by 'a comparative study on responses to Korean version questionaires(English origin) of CMI, MRC, and ATS-DLD-78' two types of questionaires on respiratory symptoms and relevant information for Korean adult, which are short form (SUN-81-AS) and long forms (optional questions are added to the short one, SUN-81-AL), have been designed suitable to Korean background by authors (see Annex). The self-administered and closed-question questionaire were tested their validity and reliability by administration to l80 normal adults (medical and nursing students) and 60 clinical patients of Seoul National University Hospital, with spirometric exam. The results obtained and conclusions drawn are as follow: 1. It took less than 10 minutes to complete the questionaire SNU-81-AS and SNU-81-AL. 2. The test-retest reliability of each questions in AS and AL ,were observed as 92.7% and 92.1%, respectively. And all of the level of agreement are statistically significant with kappa statistic. 3. In addition to higher prevalence rate of symptoms in patients group compared, with, normal. group, the correlations between FEV 1.0/FVC predictive value(%) and number of symptoms were statistically significant inpatients group (See Fig. 1 and, Table 7). 4. The answer rate to optional questions in AL form among those who are not to do was about 10%, while the no-answer rate among who are to do was about 15% in Normal (medical and nursing students) group. 5. From the viewpoints of validity and reliability, the new Korean questionaire (SNU-81-AS and AL) developed by authors are to be recommendable to use in epidemiologic studies on respiratory illness in Korea. The self-administration, however, of optional questions in AL form may not assure the quality of data gathered.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4427-4430
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in Malaysia. Despite the campaigns undertaken to raise the awareness of the public regarding breast cancer, breast cancer screening rates are still low in the country. The community pharmacist, as one of the most accessible healthcare practitioners, could play a role in the provision of breast cancer health promotion services to the community. However, there are no documented data regarding the community pharmacists' involvement in breast cancer related health promotion activities. Hence, this study was conducted to examine self-reported knowledge, practice and perception of community pharmacists on provision of breast cancer health promotion services and to investigate the barriers that limit their involvement. This cross-sectional survey conducted between May to September 2010, included a sample of 35 community pharmacists working in the districts of Hulu Langat and Sepang in state of Selangor. A 22-item validated questionnaire that included both closed and Lickert scale questions was used to interview those pharmacists who gave their informed consent to participate in the study. The data was analysed using SPSS. Only 11.3% of the community pharmacists answered all the questions on the knowledge section correctly. The mean overall knowledge of the community pharmacists on risk factors of breast cancer and screening recommendations is 56%. None of the respondents was currently involved in breast cancer health promotion activities. Lack of time (80%), lack of breast cancer educational materials (77.1%) and lack of training (62.9%) were the top three mentioned barriers. Despite these barriers, 94.3% (33) of the community pharmacists agreed that they should be involved in breast cancer health promotion activities. Hence, there is need to equip community pharmacists with necessary training and knowledge to enable them to contribute their share towards prevention and screening of breast cancer.