• 아동학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2000

This study investigated differences between the ability of children and young adults to describe their experience. Forty 5-year-olds and 40 16-year-olds viewed 12 pictures(Azmitia, 1987) and responded to open-ended, closed and misleading questions. Responses were categorized by the SPSS WIN program into rate of correctness, incorrectness, unresponsiveness and "don't know". Data were analyzed by t-test. On open-ended questions, the rate of incorrectness by young adults was higher than that of children. On closed questions, children had a higher rate of incorrectness than young adults. On misleading questions, children showed a lower performance in the rate of correctness and "don't know" and the rate of incorrectness by children was higher than that of young adults.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2020

2015 개정 교육과정 초등학교 6종 실과 교과서 소프트웨어 단원과 로봇 차시에 제시된 523개 발문 유형을 분석한 결과, SW 단원에서는 폐쇄적 발문이 77.1%, 개방적 발문이 22.9%로 나타났고 로봇 단원에서는 폐쇄적 발문이 74.8%, 개방적 발문이 25.2%로 나타났다. 폐쇄적 발문 중심인 SW 교과서 발문의 한계를 보완하고 교사들이 교육 목적과 활동 내용에 따라 컴퓨팅 사고력 신장을 위한 다양한 컴퓨터 교육에 활용할 수 있는 CT마중발문을 개발하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Although Due to industrial development and urbanization, the number of schools closing due to a decrease in the school-age population is increasing due to the phenomenon of relocation from farming and fishing villages. Closing schools are used as social and cultural facilities, or they are used to generate income by providing education and experiences. Agro-healing is an activity that promotes psychological, social, and physical health by using rural resources. By reflecting the Agro-healing in the services operated by the closed school, the perception of the provision of the Agro-healing service was investigated as a way to provide a therapeutic service to visitors and to increase the utilization of the closed school. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, a total of 5 questions related to demographic information, a total of 5 questions related to the perception of agro-healing activities in closed school facilities. As a result, 347 people participated in the survey. The higher the awareness of agro-healing, the need for a agro-healing expert, the satisfaction with the use of rural closed school facilities, and the willingness to participate in agro-healing activities, the higher the awareness that the provision of agro-healing services was necessary by the state. Theses results are expected to be useful as basic to data to solve the diverse limitation in rural closed school and agro-healing activities.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.221-244
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• 2021

국내 과학 교육 발문 연구에 주로 적용되고 있는 Blosser 발문 분류 체계의 제한점을 고찰하기 위하여 연구자가 교사로 참여한 소그룹 프로그램(중학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 진행) 중, 총 30여 시간에 걸친 수업 대화 과정을 분석했다. Blosser (1973)의 분류 체계에 따라 분류할 때 열린 발문과 닫힌 발문 등의 구분에 어려움이 있었으며, 같은 내용의 발문이라도 맥락에 따라 다른 종류의 발문으로 분류가 되기도 했고, 적절한 분류 구분을 찾기 어려운 발문도 있었다. 또한 학생들의 사고력 향상이나 수업 참여도에 상위수준 발문(열린 발문)이 하위수준 발문(닫힌 발문)보다 항상 효과적인 것은 아니었다. 발문 전에 교사가 어떤 정보를 제공했는지에 따라 발문의 효과가 달라졌으며, 이전의 발문이 다음에 이어진 발문에도 계속 영향을 주는 사례가 많았다. 그러나 현재 국내 과학 발문 연구에서 주로 행해지고 있는 Blosser (1973)의 분류 체계를 따른 연구에서는, 맥락과 전후 발문이 주는 영향은 무시된 채, 각 개별 발문을 인지 수준에 따라 분류하여 상위 수준 발문의 빈도수로 수업의 질을 평가하고 있다. 현재 국내 과학 교육 발문 연구에서 주로 행해지고 있는 상위 수준 발문의 빈도수로 수업의 질을 평가하는 방식은 지양해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the questions in the 'Matter' units of elementary science textbooks under the 7th curriculum. For the analysis, a total of 338 questions were extracted from 15 units. Six criteria (recalling, recognizing, predictive, applied, divergent, and evaluative question) were reconstructed for textbook question analysis based on Blosser(1973)'s question category system for science. The results were as follows. First, there were more closed (recalling, recognizing, predictive, or applied) questions (72.2%) than open (divergent or evaluative) questions (27.8%) in elementary science textbooks. Second, cognitive-memory (recalling or recognizing) question type was the most frequently asked in all grade levels. Open (divergent or evaluative) questions increased according to grade level whereas convergent (predictive or applied) questions decreased. Third, question types were applied based on the characteristics of each unit rather than on children's developmental characteristics. Educational implications were discussed based on the results.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2012

The focus of this dissertation is on the comparative Analysis of Questions in the 'Matter Units of Elementary Science Textbook between the 7th Curriculum and the Revised Curriculum Year 2007. The results of the comparative Analysis in the dissertation are as follows: There were more closed questions than open questions in these elementary science textbooks both of the 7th Curriculum and the Revised Curriculum Year 2007. Cognitive-memory questions were the most frequently asked in all grade levels. In the Revised Curriculum Year 2007, Convergent thinking questions presented with higher rate than the 7th Curriculum. Divergent thinking questions and evaluative thinking questions was presented with a relatively lower rate than the 7th Curriculum. Question types were applied based on the characteristics of each unit rather than on children's developmental characteristics.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify the need of a mobile based library information and service delivery system in developing countries, identify the services that are possible to provide with the help of mobile phones and their applications, design a mobile based library information and service delivery system, and identify major challenges regarding mobile based library information and service delivery systems.Design/ Methodology/ Approach The research is exploratory in nature. This paper is based on a review of literature, survey information, and on the author’s own viewpoints. A comprehensive search of scientific literature has been done along with a survey for validating the necessity of designing mobile based library information and service delivery systems. Responses to closed-ended questions in particular on 7-point Likert scales were analyzed using the descriptive analysis techniques of SPSS 20.0 and responses to other closed-ended questions were analyzed using general statistics.Findings The research indicates that users of academic libraries, especially students and faculty members, have a positive notion regarding designing and implementing a mobile based library information and service delivery system. It also reveals user opinions regarding the possible problems associated with the design and implementation of a mobile based library information and service delivery system.Originality The paper explores mobile based library information and service delivery systems for better and faster service provision to its potential users.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine adolescents' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia and to provide basic data for educating about knowledge of dementia and strengthening positive attitudes towards dementia. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects were 502 middle and high school students. A questionnaire organized by 16 questions of knowledge and 10 questions of attitudes towards dementia was used. Results: The subjects' knowledge level of dementia was low, and average score was $8.89{\pm}2.95$. The questions with low rate of correct answer were "Dementia is caused by several dozens of diseases such as internal medicine, neurology, psychiatry, etc.", "In spite of the dementia, patients can enjoy their favorite things." The subjects' average score of attitudes towards dementia was $3.72{\pm}0.58$. Questions of negative attitudes were "I don't want to be closed to patients of dementia.", "I watch information or prevention about dementia in mass communications media." The relationship between dementia-related knowledge and attitudes showed positive correlation. Conclusion: The result means the mediation is necessary for improving dementia-related knowledge and strengthening positive attitudes in adolescents. The education programs should be proceeded to provide adolescents with correct information about dementia.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.412-430
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• 2003

In many practical problems in signal processing and control, the signal values are often restricted to belong to a finite number of levels. These questions are generally referred to as "finite alphabet" problems. There are many applications of this class of problems including: on-off control, optimal audio quantization, design of finite impulse response filters having quantized coefficients, equalization of digital communication channels subject to intersymbol interference, and control over networked communication channels. This paper will explain how this diverse class of problems can be formulated as optimization problems having finite alphabet constraints. Methods for solving these problems will be described and it will be shown that a semi-closed form solution exists. Special cases of the result include well known practical algorithms such as optimal noise shaping quantizers in audio signal processing and decision feedback equalizers in digital communication. Associated stability questions will also be addressed and several real world applications will be presented.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

We investigated the perception and preferred type of question and analyzed type of questions asked by teachers in elementary science class to identify how teachers' perception of questioning is reflected in teaching practices. We collected the data from questionnaires, deep-interview and audiotaped four classes from grade 3 and six classes from grade 6. The data form deep-interview were analyzed interpretively and Blosser' framework of question was used to analyze questions which teachers used in classes. By interpretation of data from questionnaires, the teachers agreed that questioning affects science class in elementary school. There were a little differences in perceptions of questioning among three teachers. They preferred various types of question rather than a specific type. They didn't have a good understanding of questioning. The result showed that the teachers used frequently cognitive-memory question and convergent thinking question, which belonged to closed questions in their science classes. This didn't accord with their preferred types of question. The causes came from objectives of science instruction, degree of understanding about questioning, preference and confidence for science class. From this findings, we suggested that teachers should be given opportunities to take training courses in questioning in order to use effective questioning in science class.