• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

A comprehensive analytical method of endocrine disruptors[i.e., nonylphenol(NP), octylphenol(OP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(BEHP)] in meat or pork samples was developed. The method employed closed culture tube extraction with dichloromethane and solvent exchange to iso-hexane and SPE(2g) aminopropyl column, followed by determination on gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry(GC/MS) operated in the single ion monitering(SIM) mode. For the multipoint recovery of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bis(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate OP, NP were showen good recoveries in $0.125-1.25{\mu}g/g$ range of concentration, and BEHP more good recoveries in $0.0125-12.5{\mu}g/g$ wide range of concentration. The present method was applied to beef or pork samples of mart and butcher in Cheonju city and near Cheonju. The range of concentrations was respectively, $0.06-0.24{\mu}g/g$ in nonylphenol(NP) and $0.36-2.35{\mu}g/g$ in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(BEHP), but octylphenol(OP) was not dected in any samples. This method provides a powerful analytical tool to investigate a wide range of endocrine disruptors in biological samples of limited quantity.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

Black rot disease in orchids is caused by the water mold Phytophthora palmivora. To gain better biocontrol performance, several factors affecting growth and antifungal substance production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS1 were verified. These factors include type and pH of media, temperature, and time for antifungal production. The results showed that the best conditions for P. aeruginosa RS1 to produce the active compounds was cultivating the bacteria in Luria-Bertani medium at pH 7.0 for 21 h at $37^{\circ}C$. The culture filtrate was subjected to stepwise ammonium sulfate precipitation. The precipitated proteins from the 40% to 80% fraction showed antifungal activity and were further purified by column chromatography. The eluted proteins from fractions 9-10 and 33-34 had the highest antifungal activity at about 75% and 82% inhibition, respectively. SDS-PAGE revealed that the 9-10 fraction contained mixed proteins with molecular weights of 54 kDa, 32 kDa, and 20 kDa, while the 33-34 fraction contained mixed proteins with molecular weights of 40 kDa, 32 kDa, and 29 kDa. Each band of the proteins was analyzed by LC/MS to identify the protein. The result from Spectrum Modeler indicated that these proteins were closed similarly to three groups of the following proteins; catalase, chitin binding protein, and protease. Morphological study under scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the partially purified proteins from P. aeruginosa RS1 caused abnormal growth and hypha elongation in P. palmivora. The bacteria and/or these proteins may be useful for controlling black rot disease caused by P. palmivora in orchid orchards.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2016

Loulan was an ancient kingdom located on the northeast of the Taklamakan Desert, a diverging point between the north and south of Silk Road, on the east of the current Turpan, from the 2nd century BC and the 7th century A.D, absorbing and propagating culture of both sides through active trade. Meanwhile, as many previous research investigations suggest the early trade between Korea and the countries bordering on Western China, characteristics of Loulan costume have been found to have similarity to those of ancient Korean costume. Also, it can be compared to costume in other surrounding regions. Therefore, it is a highly valuable region in researching ancient costume. This study examined the historical background of Loulan and its relationship with ancient Korea, analyzed the clothes found in historic sites of Louland and Niya, and compared costume elements of Loulan and those of Korea. The result of the study shows that first, the Loulan Jeogori was based on the Jikryeonggyoim, with Chaksu, narrow sleeves and the length coming between below the chest and above the bottom, and the line decoration and waist belt were very similar to Korean costumes, as well as the Banryeong, curved collar and Bansu, short sleeves. Second, the types of pants included Gunggo, characterized by closed bottom and many creases, and Daegugo, wide-leg trousers, which are very similar in shape to the Korean Shilla lay sculpture, Stele To Martyr Yi Ch'a-don, Yangjikgongdo and Wangheedo. Third, in accessories as well, the Jowu stuck on the Gwanmo is similar in the shapes to Korean costume.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide the planning factors of housing for the disabled and elderly based on the inclusive housing design as sustainable neighborhood. The goal of inclusive design is to make buildings and communities more livable for all type of people. Inclusive design should embrace other good design goals and reinforce them, not work against them. To carry out this purpose, we should proceed in the following way: First, we deducted the four design factors (the basic, recommendable, adaptable, and residential factors) by reviewing the characteristics of inclusive housing concepts. Second, we analyzed the related foreign design standards and guidelines such as the ICC/ANSI A117.1 Type C Units (the United States, 2009), Lifetime Standard (the United Kingdom, 2010), and Livable Housing Design Guideline (the Australian, 2010) through four design factors based on inclusive design concepts. Finally, we suggested the housing design factors for the disabled and the elderly in Korea. To conclude, we can make the followings: It is important basic factor that the bedroom and bathroom layout closed to each other. Also, the bedroom has the proper height of light switches, outlets, and windows. The recommendable factors take into consideration stairs and ramp, if existent. The adaptable factors are closely related to domestic housing culture as well as residential factors. Proceeding from this fact, the livability for people with disabilities and older requires accessibility and adaptability that take into account public and efficiency considering the current trend of housing development and urban planning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 2016

As the dark side of society, Idle spaces, which occurred with the paradigm change due to rapid modernization and industralization, has been existing as a severed part in cities. But with the periodic change, interest in the existing place and regional regeneration, and the necessity of reconsidering about the idle spaces values of space, city environment, socio-culture, and economy was proposed. I estimated that the change of relational aesthetics aspect of modern arts resulted in the consideration of recognizing 'place' of art, through the study, it was revealed that the form of modern arts and change of enjoyment were related to space, and the fact that this had a relation with the rise of artistic regeneration of idle spaces. mutually communicative relationship formation and practical form of arts was deducted through the interpretation of relational aesthetics, Idle spaces and artistic regeneration space can be categorized into forms of experiential space, creative space, and cultural space, depending on the formation of relationship between author-art-audience. Through the comprehensive analysis, Artistic regeneration space by relationship formation is Vitalization of various forms of art and participation program eliminates the boundary between creation and enjoyment, and the space itself can be said to contain extensive, integral, and nonterritorialization meaning as a place of experiencing art. In other words, Artistic regeneration space of idle spaces forms a close relationship with the local society, and is placed within the context of daily domain as an open space, straying off from the existing separative and closed artistic space configuration. and artistic changeover of idle spaces is not only the appearance of space that simply fulfills function according to transfiguration of modern art, but signifies that art is coexisting with space as an indivisible relationship, and can be said to be the foothold of new relationship creation as the practical 'place' of art.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

Patterns are symbolic expressions of life style or sentiment of people as a product of culture. Furthermore, it is a type of language that the shape or implication does not change much over time. Patterns shown on the Korean medical containers are related to human life and health that they are not very diverse and splendid but closed used in real life. The medical containers include the alcohol container or tea-ware in broad sense, but under this study, it would be handled only for the Korean medical containers directly used to protect human health and treatment of diseases. They would be the Medicine Mortar and Pestle that is used to grind the herbal medical ingredients, pots that hold the liquid decoction, containers to keep the medical ingredients in general conceptual use for medical purposes. The patterns inscribed are classified in animal pattern, plant pattern or alphabet pattern. Turtle, crane, ginseng, and life patterns have the contemplation to pray for long life without disease or good fortune, while plum pattern, dragon pattern and the like are used in the medical containers used mainly in royal families with the social status and dignity shown. As such, patterns have not only ornament elements but also the symbolic implication to represent long life without illness for human. It provides the basic data of medical wisdom contained in the pattern and willingness of human to protect life from illness. On the basis of such research, it would require ensuing studies to make comparison and analysis with the medical containers with the patterns in the adjacent countries in the days to come.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

Between January 2010 and March 2011, there were three outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea. Over 3.45 million animals (5,660 farms) were slaughtered, which was 33.3% of the existing pigs, 8.4% of dairy cows and 3.4% of cattle. FMD disaster costs were estimated at around three billion Korean won. Nine civil servants were killed, over 150 people were wounded and 4,788 landfills were confronted with a pollution problem. Vaccination and slaughter are the two basic alternatives for eradication of FMD. Altho ugh slaughter is more violent, risky and expensive than vaccination, the Korean government had chosen only slaughter eradication by the end of 2010. Even though over three million animals were killed, FMD spread out over most of the country. Finally, the government chose to begin vaccination. Following vaccination, outbreaks decreased dramatically. The purpose of this report is a cultural analysis of the related decision-making process, laws and systems. For the culture analysis, we utilize interviews, symposiums, laws, FMD manual, government reports and press releases. In conclusion, we found that the FMD massacre was influenced by cultural and organizational factors. The cultural factors were economism, cheapening of the value of life, biased perceptions and fears. The organizational factors were a closed process of decision-making, monopoly system, a small homogeneous group and group-think. Therefore, more studies will be needed for those factors of FMD disasters in national-scale cases.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 1998

The harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus japonicus is one of the important zooplankton as a live food the production of marine fish fry. This reserch was carried out to investigate the culturing method and dietary value of T. japonicus. The reproduction of this copepod was analysed in the culturing systems (tne opened and the closed systems) and the surface area of the substate plates for the mass culture. Survival rate of the mature female and the number of nauplii produced per female for two day was higher in the open culturing system than in the close system. However, the result of survival rate of the nauplius was reversed. Larger surface area of the culturing vessel accommodated higher density of this bentic copepod. In polyculture of T. japonicus and rotifer (B. plicatilis), growth of T. japonicus seems to be dependent on the rotifer density. But rotifer seems to be independent on the copepod. With regard to dietary value, this copepod is better than Artemia nauplius for the larvae of red sea bream and tiger puffer which feed by picking. However, it is inadequate for bottom fish larvae as flounder.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.407-409
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• 2000

Outer envelope membrane proteins of chloroplasts encoded by the nuclear genome are transported without the N-terminal transit peptide. Here, we investigated the targeting mechanism of AtOEP7, an Arabidopsis homolog of small outer envelope membrane proteins in vivo. AtOEP7 was expressed transiently in protoplasts or stably in transgenic plants as fusion proteins with GFP. In both cases AtOEP7:GFP was targeted to the outer envelope membrane when assayed under a fluorescent microscope or by Western blot analysis. Except the transmembrane domain, deletions of the N- or C-terminal regions of AtOEP7 did not affect targeting although a region closed to the C-terminal side of the transmembrane domain affected the targeting efficiency. Targeting experiments with various hybrid transmembrane mutants revealed that the amino acid sequence of the transmembrane domain determines the targeting specificity The targeting mechanism was further studied using a fusion protein, AtOEP7：NLS：GFP, that had a nuclear localization signal. AtOEP7：NLS：GFP was efficiently targeted to the chloroplast envelope despite the presence of the nuclear localization signal. Taken together, these results suggest that the transmembrane domain of AtOEP7 functions as the sole determinant of targeting specificity and that AtOEP7 may be associated with a cytosolic component during translocation to the chloroplast envelope membrane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.109-123
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• 2015

The object of this research is to take a bilateral look into cultural exchanges of the Netherlands and Japan through the East India Company and thereby improve the general understanding in regards to the exchanges of costume cultures between the East and the West. The study conducted qualitative analyses on features of contemporary costumes of the Netherlands and Japan from 1602 to 1799 by investigating the secondary sources, such as the histories of costumes, arts, and literature. The results are as follows; the traditional sleeves of the Japanese Kimono were basically cut out in a straight line. However due to the growing popularity of the kimono home gown in Europe, the producers of the kimono in India as well as several other European countries modified them into western-style sleeves. Regarding the costumes of the Netherlands, which were introduced to Japan, the study found that Japan imported Dutch fabrics, instead of specific clothing items. In Japan, costume controls and anti-conspicuous consumption regulations among social classes including a closed-door policy had negative effects on both developments and exchanges of costumes of the country. However, when it comes to the Jinbaori, a costume for ruling classes, Japan was open to using fabrics, patterns and designs of the West. In light of what have been discussed so far, the study confirmed that the costume exchanges between the two countries started long after their first business of the general cultural exchanges. Though it is clear that the advancements in the natural sciences that the Japanese made can be attributed to the West, Japan was one of the nations that impacted the costume cultures in Europe.