• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

이 연구는 비동기 매커니즘을 바탕으로 닫힌 눈(eye-closed) 및 이중 블링크 (double-blinking) EEG를 사용하여 BCI를 개발하는 것을 목표한다. 제안된 시스템은 신호 처리 모듈과 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스 (VK-가상 키보드)로 구성되어 있으며 26개의 영문자와 특수 기호로 구성됩니다. "눈 닫기"이벤트는 "선택"(select)명령을 유발하는 반면, "이중 블링크"(DB) 이벤트는 "실행 취소"(undo) 명령에 따라 실행합니다. 3개의 이벤트 그룹 ("열린 눈"(eye-open, "닫힌 눈" (eye-closed)및 "이중 블링크"(double-blinking)에 대한 EEG 신호 분석과 관련된 3 등급 벡터 보조 분류 (SVM) 기계가 제안되었습니다. 결과는 제안된 BCI가 평균 92.6 %의 전체 정확도와 5 글자 / 분의 맞춤법 비율을 달성 할 수 있음을 보여주었습니다. 전반적으로 이 연구는 실제 BCI 맞춤법을 구현하기의 실현 가능성과 신뢰성으로 인해 정확도와 철자 비율의 향상을 보여주었습니다.

• 신경치료
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of balance ability by performing closed chain exercise on stable support surface and unstable support surface in twenties. Methods This study randomly selected 15 students in the closed chain exercise group on the stable support side and 15 on the closed chain exercise group on the unstable support side. Balance ability was measured before and after the start of exercise and static balance was measured by OLT(One Leg Standing Test) and FRT (Functional Reach Test). Result The changes of the function reach test of the closed chain movement according to the ground type were significant in the unstable and stable support surfaces and the change of function reach test after the intervention in the two groups was significantly improved compared with the closed chain movement respectively. The one leg standing test changes of the closed chain movement according to the ground type showed significant results on the unstable and stable support surfaces, but there was no significant difference in the one leg standing test changes after intervention between the two groups. Conclusion The effect of closed chain training on ground type is unstable. The change of function reach test and one leg standing test of the closed chain exercise group on the stable support surface resulted in significant changes after exercise, but there was a significant difference in the balance ability of function reach test change after intervention between the groups.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1785-1789
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• 1991

Recently, a number of papers on adaptive control scheme of manipulators are proposed. Slotine and Li[1] showed an adaptive control scheme for robot manipulator. The controller was described in closed form. And later Niemeyer and Slotine discussed about a computational implementation of the controller in recursive form[2]. Walker proposed another adaptive control scheme which can be implemented by a recursive-form controller[4]. Closed-form description is used for the analysis or design of adaptive control systems while recursive-form realization is used for implementation of the controller. The relation between the closed-form realization and the recursive-form one seems to be inadequately referred. Hence, it makes sense to consider the relation between the closed-form description and the recursive-form one. In this paper, first, we make a simple derivation of an closed-form dynamics description of a robot arm from its recursive-form description. And then we derive the closed-form realization of Walker's scheme applied to manipulators having no kinematic loop. We clarify the difference between the Walker's scheme and Slotine's and evaluate the convergence under the controllers.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2010

These days, the maintenance of closed waste landfill come to the fore social problem such as legal maintenance period, after closed maintenance deposits, stability evaluation guides and environmental survey for closed landfill management. Therefore the many non-sanitary closed waste landfill has been removed by selection and transfer to sanitary landfill and incineration. When the remove the non-sanitary landfill, the pollution level of bottom soil was investigated by related government law. In this case study, the soil contamination survey was performed to evaluate the pollution level of non-sanitary closed landfill bottom soil. Based on this study, the pollution level of studied non-sanitary landfill bottom soil was content with related government law for third area(factory, parking lot, gas station, road, railroad use etc.).

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for the active use of closed schools by analyzing the actual conditions of closed schools in Gyeongnam area. As a method of this study, we examined the population change in Gyeongnam area through the literature survey and the internet site survey, and grasped the characteristics of the policies related to the closed school. Through the homepage survey of the local education financial alerts, we analyzed the contents, location, period after the closure, land area, and total floor area of the closed schools that have been in use or invaluable as of March 2017. As the results, In the case of self-utilization, the utilization rate of educational facilities was overwhelmingly high. In the case of lease utilization, the utilization ratio was higher in the order of education facilities, income increase facilities, and cultural facilities. Overall, 62.8% of the closed schools are located in the base towns (urban areas). The average of the period after the closure was 16.2 years, the land area average was $9,291.1m^2$, and the total area average was $1,153.8m^2$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.574-582
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• 1988

Endocardial cushion defects is a rare congenital heart disease. We experienced two complete endocardial cushion defects[ECD] and three partial ones, which were successfully repaired between 1986 and 1987. In a patient of complete ECD, associated with secundum ASD, Pulmonary stenosis and Down`s syndrome, the atrial and ventricular septal defects were closed separately with bovine pericardium and Dacron patches respectively, and then pulmonary stenosis was relieved by transannular patch widening in addition to valvotomy and infundibulectomy. In another patient with complete ECD, small interventricular communication was closed with simple suture with pledget and primum ASD was closed with pericardial patch. In first patient of partial ECD, primum atrial septal defect was closed with pericardial patch. In second patient of partial ECD, associated with secundum ASD, direct closure of secundum ASD and patch closure of primum ASD were performed. In third patient of partial ECD, associated with patent foramen ovale[PFO], primum ASD was closed with bovine pericardial patch and PFO was closed directly. In all patient except third patient of partial ECD, mitral clefts were closed with three or four 5-0 prolene interrupted sutures. Transient A-V dissociation developed postoperatively in two patients and transient nodal rhythm developed postoperatively in other two patients. Heart failure in complete ECD with Down`s syndrome was overcome with medical treatment.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of change in oxygen saturation, vital signs and suction time taken for the suctioning during endotracheal suctioning performed with closed suction system and with opened suction system. Methods: Data were collected from 31 adult patients with ventilator treatment who were admitted to a university hospital in Seoul and the collection period was from July 1 to November 15, 2005. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure were collected immediately prior to the suctioning intervention, during and 1 and 5 minutes after the suctioning from opened suction system and closed suction system. Results: 1) The difference in oxygen saturation was statistically significant in recovery time for oxygen saturation to return to baseline values after suctioning was significantly rapid on closed suction system (p<.05). 2) The difference in heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure was statistically insignificant 3) The suction time was shorter in closed suction system. Conclusion: Closed suction system is more efficient, as compared with the open suction system in the ventilator treatment.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2013

According to the increase of rural experience, that is important in satisfying needs of green tourism and vitalizing rural economy to use closed school in rural area as experience facility. For using closed school as experience facility, political and institutional assistants are needed in effective equipments and stable operation based on multi-perspective approach and analysis. In this study, we try to evaluate green-tourism accessibility of rural experience facility remodeled from closed school considering regional population and spatial characteristics. In evaluating process, gravity potential model are adapted with considering group size of customer and distance-friction coefficient. Distance-friction coefficient is a function of user restriction which depend on possible activity in each experience facility. Green tourism accessibility of experience facility is calculated with summation of accessibility to each region, and we analyzed it as a group by closed school type and location with application in Chungcheongnam-do. We found a correlation between green tourism accessibility of rural closed school and their income.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2014

A vertical closed loop ground source heat pump (GSHP) is used to produce heat from the low-grade energy source such as the outside air and ground source. It is known that a heat pump system type has better efficiency comparing to the electric heating system. This study only demonstrates that the vertical closed loop GSHP system is a feasible choice for space cooling of air conditioning. The coefficient of performance (COP) is the ratio of heat output to work supplied to the system in the form of electricity. For the vertical closed loop GSHP system in a cooling mode, the COP is the most commonly used way for judging the efficiency. For the purpose of this experiment, vertical closed loop GSHP system was installed in the laboratory and the experiment was executed. As a result, an average COP of vertical-closed loop GSHP system was 3.62 when the outside average temperature was $33^{\circ}C$.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2011

Regional closed schools of about more 3,348(2010 year) have occurred all over the country according to governmental policy of 1982. Moreover, The applications of be closed school are not efficient and few studies about using community center. Also, Farmer which is the leader of revitalization of rural village could not have advantages about community center in rural area than in urban area. Therefore, The propose of study is increasing values of culture and local by using community center with closed schools. For moving ahead with study, I analysis about causes of origination of closed schools with literature and refer to the reference of the current of situation in Gyeongbuk Local Education Authority and National Statistical Office and Comprehensive Rural Community Development Program of Minister for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Korea for examination of conjugating closed school through community center. According to the research, community center was to be included hall, visiting center, exhibiting space, conference room, experience room, multipurpose room, dining room, welfare space and specialized room with revitalization of rural village. I proposed improvement of law and administration and suggest several cases which already in utilization.