• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 2005

Although actinomycin D (AMD) is known to induce apoptotic cell death to various cell lines, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by AMD is still unclear. Understanding this mechanism may improve its therapeutic efficacy. The present study has been performed to elucidate expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins related to apoptosis in human leukemia K-562 cells. Five different assays were performed in this study; DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis, quantitative assay of fragmented DNA, morphological assessment of apoptotic cells, quantification of apoptosis by annexin V (AV) and propidium iodide (PI) staning, and expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins by the western blot analysis. The number of apoptotic cells and amount of fragmented DNA in this cell line treated with AMD was increased at 6 hour. DNA ladder pattern was also appeared at 6 hour. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, and disappeared from 12 hours after AMD treatment. Precursor of Caspase-3 was degraded, and 20 kDa cleavage products were detected. These results suggest that AMD induced apoptosis of K-562 cells is Caspase-3-dependent fashion, and this apoptosis is related to the degradation of Bcl-2 proteins.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to analyze the correlation between disease severity and disease specific quality of life adjusted by general quality of life measure in adult patients with atopic dermatitis attending Wonkwang Univ. Sanbon Oriental Medical Center. Methods : A total of 35 patients participated in atopic dermatitis clinical trial from June 1st, 2010 to June 30th, 2011 were included in this study. SCORing Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD) index, Dermatologic Life Quality Index(DLQI), Health Utility Index III(HUI-III) and EuroQoL 5-Dimension(EQ-5D) have been estimatied. Baseline statistical analysis and normality test were done by using Student t-test, Shapiro-Wilk test and ladder test. Pearson analysis and Spearman analysis were conducted to examined the correlation of each variables. Hierachial regression analysis was performed using related variables. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%. Results : There were statistically significance between DLQI and SCORAD index, and also between DLQI and EQ-5D. However there was no significant between DLQI and HUI-III. In the hierachial regression analysis, after adjusting for demographic variables (gender, age) and general quality of life (EQ-5D), SCORAD index significantly predict the intensity of disease specific quality of life (DLQI). Conclusions : We confirmed the correlation between SCORAD index and DLQI, and developed the inference for regression equation of DLQI using SCORAD index, EQ-5D and demographic variables.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.509-515
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• 2004

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) has advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and presents an alternative treatment option for tumors resistant to chemo-and/or radio-therapy. PDT is based on the combination of laser light of appropriate wavelength and energy to activate a systemically or locally applied photosensitizer that concentrates preferentially in malignant tissues. In this study, phototoxicity of laser EIT 21 was analysed in human osteosarcoma cell(HOS) and the second objective of this study was to determine the ability of laser EIT 21 to induce apoptosis. This study demonstrated that laser EIT 21 had a phototoxicity to HOS cells. In order to examinate whether cell death was induced by necrosis or apoptosis, variety of techniques which assess apoptosis were used. TUNEL assay showed only a few the positive reaction on condensed nuclei. It is hard to find condensed or fragmented nuclei on HOS cells irradiated with laser EIT 21 in Hemastat and AO/EB stain. By DNA electrophoresis, cells also did not show DNA degradation characteristic of apoptosis with a ladder pattern of DNA fragments. Apoptosis-related factors were analyzed by western blotting. The expression of p53 was constant and cells irradiated with laser did not show the caspase-3 and PARP degradation, therefore we suggest that p53 and caspase-3 are not involved in laserinduced cell death.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.566-577
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• 2008

Purpose: Developing a curriculum(DACUM) is a method of analyzing job focused competency, which is obtained from the data of an expert belonging to a certain career. In this study the DACUM method was used to analyze the jobs of operating room nurses. Method: Through the DACUM workshop which was arranged by two DACUM facillitators, a definition of the role of operating room nurses was developed and then duties and tasks of operating room nurses' were identified. For the workshop, a DACUM committee with 10 operating room nurses was organized. Finally, the duties and tasks which were identified were validated by 422 nurses for importance, difficulty and frequency. Results: Thirteen duties and 105 tasks were identified on the DACUM chart, where importance, difficulty, and frequency of tasks were represented by alphabet letters A, B, and C as higher degree of importance. The determinant coefficient(DC) showed that the most important duty was assisting with operations(DC=6.61), and the least, managing operating materials(DC=4.22). For tasks, the most important ones were assisting in orthostatic surgery(DC=7.60), and assisting in thoracic surgery(DC=7.38), and the least important making gauze ball(DC=2.39), and saving of operation site((DC=3.27). Conclusion: The results suggest a need to develop an education program using the DACUM chart as a basis for the development and as a clinical career ladder and for curriculum of operating room nursing.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.86-98
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• 2012

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a training manual for operation room nurses through an examination of nursing actions in terms of the frequency of performance, importance, and the levels of difficulty. The participants were recruited from the five university-affiliated hospitals according to one's career ladders, resulting in getting 181 OR nurses enrolled. Methods: Researchers developed a questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale which measuring OR nurses' actions, importance, and the levels of difficulty. The frequencies of performance, importance and the levels of difficulty of nursing action were compared according to their career ladders using one-way ANOVA. Results: The frequencies of performance showed significant differences in 26 items according to the participants' career ladders; the importance in 6 items; and the levels of difficulty in 19 items among the OR nurses' actions. Conclusion: Given the fact that the significant differences were shown in the frequencies of performance, importance, and the levels of difficulty in nursing action across differing work experience, continuous development and application of job training based on one's work experience seem crucial in practice.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2000

This study is comprised of data obtained from the files of 346 patients with temporomandibular disorders. All patients were diagnosed, treated and followed in the Department of Dentistry at the Inha university hospital, Incheon, Korea. The patients had treated with medications, physical therapy, occlusal splint and arthrocentesis. The study data were obtained from the medical records and telephone interviews that were conducted by research assistants. The results were as follows 1. The patient's main complaint was pain(77%), and mouth opening limitation was 17%. 2. An analysis of the medical records of the 346 patients disclosed that 82% were improved and 17% had no improvement when they were dismissed. 1% of the patients had become worse during therapy. 3. A success rate of 82% was achieved when medication assisted physical therapy was included. In the current status at the telephone interview, 270 patients(89%) reported that they were doing well with 56% describing themselves as asymtomatic and 32% experiencing only minor residual or recurrent symptoms. 11% regarded themselves as unimproved and worse. 4. In the current status of the unsuccessfully treated patients by medications and physical therapy, 64% of patients were doing well(3% as asymptomatic and 56% as only minor residual or recurrent symptom). But 36% of patients was reported as unimproved and worse. 5. TMJ has a remarkable adaptive potential and TMJ disorder has a natural history of spontaneous fluctuations and favorable prognosis during the subsequent natural course. 6. In the treatment of the temporomandibular disorders, there is a treatment ladder, starting with the simplest and least expensive treatment, that is ascended until resolution of the patient's symptoms occur. These findings suggest that conservative reversible therapies are both sufficient and appropriate for management of temporomandibular disorder in most patients. Major alterations of mandibular position or dentoalveolar relationships do not appear to be necessary for obtaining either short term or long term success and therefore they can be generally regards as inappropriate treatment for this disorder. The fact that physical therapy is non-invasive and does not appear to be fraught with irreversible changes, makes it a very applicable vehicle in the area of clinical TMJ disorder management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

This study was designed to survey the degrees of career plateau, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of hospital nurses, as well as to identify the relationship among them. We surveyed 239 nurses working at five different hospitals in J city and C city. Data collection was conducted between April 1 and April 30, 2016. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. This study shows that the significant factors influencing job satisfaction were content plateau and structural plateau, which account for 55.0% of the variance. It also shows that the significant factors that influence turnover intention were structural plateau, present clinical career, content plateau, and working department, which account for 43.0% of the variance. As such, we identified that a decrease in the content plateau of hospital nurses enhances job satisfaction and that a decrease in structural plateau reduces turnover intention. The results indicate that a systematic managerial strategy for nursing resources should be developed and applied in the nursing field. This strategy should supplement the content plateau by job redesign and job enrichment. In addition, to increase retention of skilled nurses and to achieve superior organizational performance, as well as to contribute to the success of hospital nurses, supplementation of the structural plateau by adopting and applying a career ladder system is important.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2014

Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (Korean name, Jeju-Joritdae) is one of the most abundant plants on Mt. Halla, Jeju Island, and it has long been used in traditional medicines. Recent studies have reported it as possessing various beneficial functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, anti-gastritis, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer activity have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of S. quelpaertensis on human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Cell growth inhibition by S. quelpaertensis was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was performed by DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining (PI), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to confirm the anti-apoptotic factors, such as inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members. $NO^{\bullet}$ production was determined by Griess assay. S. quelpaertensis treatment resulted in the time- and dose-dependent inhibition of the cell viability of HT-29 cells by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the accumulation of the sub-G1 cell population stained by PI, as well as the ladder-like DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. S. quelpaertensis-inducing apoptosis was accompanied by the induction of S cell cycle arrests, increasing $NO^{\bullet}$ concentrations, and the down-regulation of IAPs, including X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), cellular IAP-1 (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, and survivin. Taken together, these findings have important implications for future clinical developments of S. quelpaertensis in colon cancer treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2019

Purpose: Alpha-amanitin induces potent oxidative stress and apoptosis, and may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. This study examined the mechanisms of α-amanitin-induced apoptosis in vitro, and whether green tea extract (GTE) offers protection against hepatic damage caused by α-amanitin (AMA) induced apoptosis in vivo. Methods: The effects of GTE and SIL on the cell viability of cultured murine hepatocytes induced by AMA were evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by an analysis of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3. In the in vivo protocol, mice were divided into the following four groups: control group (0.9% saline injection), AMA group (α-amanitin 0.6 mg/kg), AMA+SIL group (α-amanitin and silibinin 50 mg/kg), and AMA+GTE group (α-amanitin and green tea extract 25 mg/kg). After 48 hours of treatment, the hepatic aminotransferase and the extent of hepatonecrosis of each subject was evaluated. Results: In the hepatocytes exposed to AMA and the tested antidotes, the cell viability was significantly lower than the AMA only group. An analysis of DNA fragmentation showed distinctive cleavage of hepatocyte nuclear DNA in the cells exposed to AMA. In addition, the AMA and GTE or SIL groups showed more relief of the cleavage of the nuclear DNA ladder. Similarly, values of caspase-3 in the AMA+GTE and AMA+SIL groups were significantly lower than in the AMA group. The serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in the AMA group than in the control and significantly lower in the AMA+GTE group. In addition, AMA+GTE induced a significant decrease in hepatonecrosis compared to the controls when a histologic grading scale was used. Conclusion: GTE is effective against AMA-induced hepatotoxicity with its apoptosis regulatory properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions.