• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.1155-1165
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• 2008

Full scale size model tests of the top-base foundation was performed in siwha marine clay and the site measurement results were compared with the analytical results from finite different programs, FLAC-2D to investigate the behavior of top-base foundation. The stress distribution obtained from the numerical analysis for the various types of foundation were compared and analysed during the application of allowable load as well as yield load. It was found that the top-base foundation prevents the lateral deformation of soft ground and stress dispersion effect to reduce the surface settlement, and that the foundation creates uniform stress distribution around it, therefore increasing bearing capacity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.305-318
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• 2020

Stone columns are widely used to treat soft clay ground. Optimizing the design of stone columns based on cost-effectiveness is always an attractive subject in the practice of ground treatment. In this paper, the design of stone columns is optimized using the concept of robust geotechnical design. Standard deviation of failure probability, which is a system response of concern of the stone column-reinforced foundation, is used as a measure of the design robustness due to the uncertainty in the coefficient of variation (COV) of the noise factors in practice. The failure probability of a stone column-reinforced foundation can be readily determined using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) based on the settlements of the stone column-reinforced foundation, which are evaluated by a deterministic method. A framework based on the concept of robust geotechnical design is proposed for determining the most preferred design of stone columns considering multiple objectives including safety, cost and design robustness. This framework is illustrated with an example, a stone column-reinforced foundation under embankment loading. Based on the outcome of this study, the most preferred design of stone columns is obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

Piled raft is known to be an unfavorable foundation type in soft clay because foundation is associated with both excessive settlement and bearing capacity failure problems. Despite these reasons, in recent decades, an increasing number of structures have been constructed over soft clay area, piled raft concepts arouse interest as the foundation of structures on soft clay area becomes popular. This study described 3 dimensional behavior of piled raft on soft clay based on a numerical study using 3D finite element method. A series of numerical analyses were performed for a various pile lengths and the pile configurations on the raft were subjected to vertical uniform or point loading. Based on the results of the parametric study, comparisons were made among the effect of loading type, various pile length and configurations, and the load-settlement behavior and load sharing characteristics of piled raft were also evaluated. From the results, the characteristic of piled raft on soft clay was examined.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 1998

Soil properties, drain conditions and numerical analysis technique have great influence upon consolidation behavior. In relevant to the above described fact, this paper aims to examining the applicability of prediction model of consolidation as well as deformation characteristics for soft clayey foundation improved by sand drain. A case study for actual foundation of Kwangyang steel works was performed. Single drain consolidation model proposed by Hansbo and Biot's consolidation theory coupled with modified Cam-clay model developed during the research were employed for the FEM numerical analysis of the foundation. Both smear effect and drain capacity were taken into account for the analysis. Finally the applicability of the newly developed technique to the behavior of foundation composed of soft clay proved satisfactory.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4 s.46
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• pp.301-312
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• 2005

The present study investigated the physical changes and reaction products with setting time after mixing of various mineral admixtures such as lime, hydrated lime, gypsum, kaolin, zeolite and diatomaceous earth with four types of cement (portland cement, slag cement, quick lime, hydrated lime) and clay rich sediments in soft foundation. As results, slag cement showed the greater compressive strength than normal portland cement. The mixing experiments with various mineral admixtures and slag cement resulted that gypsum showed the greatest compressive strength. Additionally, we conducted mixing experiments with various mixing ratios of gypsum and slag cement. The experiments showed that the mixing ratio of $30\%$ gypum and $70\%$ slag cement has the greatest compressive strength. Ettringite was produced as a reaction Product. This fact indicates that gypsum effectively promotes hydration reaction and contributed to the greater compressive strength. These experimental results can be used as fundamental data for the stabilization of soft clay foundation.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.523-535
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• 2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to be the future of technology. Hence, AI has been applied in various fields over the years and its applications are expected to grow in number with the passage of time. There has been a growing need for accurate, direct, and quick prediction of geotechnical and foundation engineering models especially since the success of each project relies on numerous amounts of data. In this study, two applications of AI in the field of geotechnical and foundation engineering are presented - spatial interpolation of standard penetration test (SPT) data and prediction of consolidation of clay. SPT and soil profile data may be predicted and estimated at any location and depth at a site that has no available borehole test data using artificial intelligence techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) based on available geospatial information from nearby boreholes. ANN can also be used to accelerate the calculation of various theoretical methods such as the one-dimensional consolidation theory of clay with high efficiency by using lesser computation resources. The results of the study showed that ANN can be a valuable, powerful, and practical tool in providing various information that is needed in geotechnical and foundation design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.362-375
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• 1991

Background and Necessity of the study : For more than 20 years, the soil engineering reserach group of Chonnam National University has been performing the deformation analysis of soft clayey foundation, since the University is located near the south-western coast of Korean Peninsulla, along which tide reclamation works have been under proaressing. Associsted with the fact mentioned above, the researchers have been developing a computer program in order to carry out deformation analysis of soft foundation since early 1980. Case-studies : In this research, the Biot's equation was selected as the governing equation coupled with several constitutive models including original and modified Cam-clay models, elasto-viscoplastic model, Lade's model etc. The anisotropy of soi1 can be considered in this program. To validate the accuracy of the computer program developed a couple of case-studies were performed. These include the pilot banking, sand drain considering smear effect and compound foundation reinforced with sheet pile into soft foundation.i) The pilot banking Good results could be acquired by assuming banking load as the body force composed of finite element mesh rather than equivalent concentrated load.ii) The sand drain Due to smear, the delay of consolidation was remarkable at the early stsge. so safety for the failure of foundation should be checked for the initial step of consolidation. iii) The compound foundation Accurate results were obtained by introducing the joint element method for the soft foundation reinforced with sheet pile into soiㅣ.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.405-422
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• 2016

The paper deals with the results of the laboratory cyclic plate load tests performed on the reinforced soft clay beds. The performances of the clay bed reinforced with geocells and geocells with additional basal geogrid cases are compared with the performance of the unreinforced clay beds. From the cyclic plate load test results, the coefficient of elastic uniform compression ($C_u$) was calculated for the different cases. The $C_u$ value was found to increase in the presence of geocell reinforcement. The maximum increase in the $C_u$ value was observed in the case of the clay bed reinforced with the combination of geocell and geogrid. In addition, 3 times increase in the strain modulus, 10 times increase in the bearing capacity, 8 times increase in the stiffness and 90% reduction in the settlement was observed in the presence of the geocell and geogrid. Based on the laboratory test results, a hypothetical case of a prototype foundation subjected to cyclic load was analyzed. The results revealed that the natural frequency of the foundation-soil system increases by 4 times and the amplitude of the vibration reduces by 92% in the presence of the geocells and the geogrids.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.41-54
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• 1996

In this paper, the consolidation settlement of the landfill foundation during and after the period of disposal is analyzed using the program CONSOL which can include the influence of waste load and the leachate level into the analysis. the stability analysis of the embankment is also performed under the varied strength of foundation soil which results from the increase of effective stress due to consolidation of the clay under the landfill. The predicted settlement from CONSOL is compared with the field measured settlement. The results show that, when the leachate level increases with the increase of waste height, the increase of the effective stress of foundation clay is negligible and the stability of the slope of the landfill may not be secured as the disposal of the waste proceeds. Several complementary repairworks, e. g. the reduction of current slope of the fill, application of drain methods to stop or reduce !he leachate level are recommended. The predicted settlement consists moderately with the field measured settlement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.157-171
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• 2009

A 151 storey super high-rise building located in an area of reclaimed land constructed over soft marine clay in Songdo, Korea is currently under design. This paper describes the design process of the foundation system of the supertall tower, which is required to support the large building vertical and lateral loads and to restrain the horizontal displacement due to wind and seismic forces. The behaviour of the foundation system due to these loads and foundation stiffness influence the design of the building super structure, displacement of the tower, as well as the raft foundation design. Therefore, the design takes in account the interactions between soil, foundation and super structure, so as to achieve a safe and efficient building performance. The site lies entirely within an area of reclamation underlain by up to 20m of soft to firm marine silty clay, which overlies residual soil and a profile of weathered rock. The nature of the foundation rock materials are highly complex and are interpreted as possible roof pendant metamorphic rocks, which within about 50m from the surface have been affected by weathering which has reduced their strength. The presence of closely spaced joints, sheared and crushed zones within the rock has resulted in deeper areas of weathering of over 80m present within the building footprint. The foundation design process described includes the initial stages of geotechnical site characterization using the results of investigation boreholes and geotechnical parameter selection, and a series of detailed two- and three-dimensional numerical analysis for the Tower foundation comprising over 172 bored piles of varying length. The effect of the overall foundation stiffness and rotation under wind and seismic load is also discussed since the foundation rotation has a direct impact on the overall displacement of the tower.