• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.116.1-116.1
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• 2011

L1448-MM, known as a class 0 YSO with a prominent outflow, was observed with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) aboard Herschel Space Observatory by the key program, DIGIT (Dust, Ice, Gas in Time, PI: Neal Evans). The PACS covers various molecular and atomic line transitions such as CO, OH, $H_2O$, [OI], and [CII] at wavelengths from 55 to 210 ${\mu}m$. The line emission of $H_2O$, [OI], mid-J CO, and the OH fundamental transition distributes along the outflow direction although high-J CO and other OH emission peaks at the central spatial pixel. According to our excitation analysis, the CO gas has two temperature components: 300 K and 750 K, which are attributed to PDR and shock, respectively. However, the $H_2O$ gas with the rotation temperature ($T_{rot}$) of 200 K seems only affected by shock. Interestingly, the relative strength of OH transitions suggests the IR pumping process in L1448-MM. We also mapped L1448-MM in CO J=2-1 with the SRAO 6m telescope to compare with the FIR line transition maps.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.39-43
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• 1998

Single crystals of{{{{ { Zn}_{ 1-x} {Mn }_{x }{Te} }}}} with x=0.3-0.6 were prepared by the standard Bridgeman method. Diffuse neutron diffraction intensities due to the short range magnetic ordering is found in the vicinities of 1 1/2 0 reciprocal point and its equivalent point, indicating that the magnetic correlation of the clusters is the type III antiferromangetic one do the F-type Bravais class crystals, being identical with that of {{{{{ Cd}_{ 1-x} {Mn }_{x }Te }}}}. Neutron inelastic scattering measure-ment has been performed for {{{{{ Zn}_{ 0.6} { Mn}_{ 0.4}Te }}}} sample using the cold neutron spectrometer. AGNES. High resolution measurement with the energy resolution of {{{{ TRIANGLE E= +- .01meV}}}} was carried out in the temperature range from 10K to the ambient. Critical scattering, closely related with the spin glass transition, has been observed for the first time in this semimagnetic semi-conductor. The critical scattering is observed at temperatures in the vicinity of the spin glass transition temperature, 17K. The scattering is observed as a kind of quasielastic scattering in the reciprocal range where the elastic magnetic diffuse scattering has been observed, e.g., 11/20 reciprocal point, indicating the spin fluctuation has dynamic components in this material. Photoconductivity has been discovered below 150K in {{{{{ Zn}_{ 0.4} {Mn }_{0.6 } Te}}}}. The electric AC conductivity has been increased dramatically under the laser light with the wave lengths of {{{{ lambda =6328,5145 and4880 }}}}$\AA$ ,respectively. After the light was darkened, the conductivity was reduced to the original level after about 2000 seconds at 50K, being above the spin glass transition temperature. This phenomenon is the typical persistent photoconductivity; PPC which was similarly found in {{{{ { Zn}_{ 1-x} { Mn}_{x} Te}}}}.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2002

The structural and functional aspects of ervatamin B were studied in solution. Ervatamin B belongs to the $\alpha+\beta$ class of proteins. The intrinsic fluorescence emission maximum of the enzyme was at 350 nm under neutral conditions, and at 355 nm under denaturing conditions. Between pH 1.0-2.5 the enzyme exists in a partially unfolded state with minimum or no tertiary structure, and no proteolytic activity. At still lower pH, the enzyme regains substantial secondary structure, which is predominantly $\beta$-sheet conformation and shows a strong binding to 8-anilino-1-napthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). In the presence of salt, the enzyme attains a similar state directly from the native state. Under neutral conditions, the enzyme was stable in urea, while the guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) induced equilibrium unfolding was cooperative. The GuHCl induced unfolding transition curves at pH 3.0 and 4.0 were non-coincidental, indicating the presence of intermediates in the unfolding pathway. This was substantiated by strong ANS binding that was observed at low concentrations of GuHCl at both pH 3.0 and 4.0. The urea induced transition curves at pH 3.0 were, however, coincidental, but non-cooperative. This indicates that the different structural units of the enzyme unfold in steps through intermediates. This observation is further supported by two emission maxima in ANS binding assay during urea denaturation. Hence, denaturant induced equilibrium unfolding pathway of ervatamin B, which differs from the acid induced unfolding pathway, is not a simple two-state transition but involves intermediates which probably accumulate at different stages of protein folding and hence adds a new dimension to the unfolding pathway of plant proteases of the papain superfamily.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.567-586
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• 2021

This study explored what latent classes appear according to the combination of Belief in a Just World (BJW) and social class of middle-aged adults, and examined whether there are differences in career transiton, perceiving a calling, and working as meaning in each class and what characteristics they have. 224 middle-aged people who experienced turnover through online and offline were surveyed and analyzed by Latent Profile Analysis. The participants were divided into 5 latent classes such as; 'Relative self-satisfaction', 'Social contentment', 'Relative deprived', 'Fairness trust' and 'Fairness distrust'. According to the results of MANOVA analysis to figure out if there are differences in career transitions, perceiving a calling, and working as meaning depending on latent classes, significant differences were appeared among latent classes. Finally, multinominal logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic characteristics and 'decent work' affect the latent group classification. As a result, the more 'decent work', the higher the probability of belonging to the class with high BJW and social class. On the basis of the results of this study, the implications on the case conceptualization and counseling strategy for adults focusing on BJW and Social class in adults and future research were discussed.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.123-152
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• 2011

The long standing people's culture of Latin America based on social solidarity of the communities makes the political relations between the leader and the people very different from them of the european societies based on the representative democracy. At any rate, the main stream of the Populist Discourses sees the real populist political processes with the pejorative senses attributing the demagogue style of the leaders. In these sense, it is very important to re-consider the populism discourses of Ernesto Laclau who thinks that the populism is a way of interpreting the emergence of the people to establish the social demands in the context of populist real politics. According to Laclau, "the populism seeks for the radical reconfiguration of the revolt of the 'Status Quo' and new order". This work will confirm if this interpretation of Laclau can be applied to Peronist political regime. Meanwhile the first group of the orthodox line of the discourses on populism including Gino Germani shows that the populism is a political movement based on the manipulation and demagogue by the charismatic leader of the irrational mass during the period in transition after the crises of the traditional oligarchy in Latin America. And another line of the main stream of discourses on populism including Cardoso and O'Donnell says that the populism is a political phenomena in a period of transition towards the modernization and the national development by means of the industrialization through the substitution of the imports and the alliance between the classes after the 1930's. But these principal interpretations on populism disregards that in Argentina many urban poor working class people had lived under the racist, unequal painful social relations due to the underestimation and the discrimination by the upper and the middle class with many intellectuals. But Peronism had considered them as the new social subjects with human dignities. And so we have to rethink the clientelism also with another meanings. In this sense, the theories of Ernesto Laclau on populism is very helpful to illuminate the sensitive and ambiguous meanings of Peronism. Especially Peronism makes the urban working class maintain their life styles more tended to them of the traditional communities and go towards the anti-Status Quo. That is a key of success of Peronism not only that time but until these days. And so this study will show that it is the most important thing that Peronist regime had made the emergence of the 'people' in the meaning of advancing the democracy in Argentina.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2005

The article presents the results of examination of the fractal dimension D of concrete specimen fracture surfaces obtained in fracture toughness tests. The concretes were made from three different types of coarse aggregate: gravel, dolomite and basalt aggregate. Ordinary concretes (C40) and high-performance concretes (HPC) were subjected to testing after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days of curing, respectively. In fracture toughness and compressive tests, different behaviours of concretes were found, depending on the type of aggregate and class of concrete (C40, HPC). A significant increase in the strength parameters tested occurred also after a period of 28 days (up to the $90^{th}$ day of curing) and was particularly large for concretes C40. Fractal examinations performed on fracture replicas showed that the fractal dimension D was diverse, depending on the coarse aggregate type and concrete class being, however, statistically constant after 7 and 14 days for respective concretes during curing. The fractal dimension D was the greater, the worse strength properties were possessed by the concrete. A cross-grain crack propagation occurred in that case, due to weak cohesion forces at the coarse aggregate/mortar interface. A similar effect was observed for C40 and HPC made from the same aggregate. A greater dimension D was exhibited by concretes C40, in which case the fracture was easier to form compared with high-performance concretes, where, as a result of high aggregate/mortar cohesion forces, the crack propagation was of inter-granular type, and the resulted fracture was flatter.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.963-968
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• 1990

An iterative learning control scheme for tracking control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is presented. By introducing a model reference adaptive controller in the learning control structure, it is possible to achieve zero tracking of unknown system even when the upperbound of uncertainty in system dynamics is not known apriori. The adaptive controller pull the state of the system to the state of reference model via control gain adaptation at each iteration, while the learning controller attracts the model state to the desired one by synthesizing a suitable control input along with iteration numbers. In the controller role transition from the adaptive to the learning controller takes place in gradually as learning proceeds. Another feature of this control scheme is that robustness to bounded input disturbances is guaranteed by the linear controller in the feedback loop of the learning control scheme. In addition, since the proposed controller does not require any knowledge of the dynamic parameters of the system, it is flexible under uncertain environments. With these facts, computational easiness makes the learning scheme more feasible. Computer simulation results for the dynamic control of a two-axis robot manipulator shows a good performance of the scheme in relatively high speed operation of trajectory tracking.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

The fracture toughness of SA 533 Grade B Class 1 steel has been studied with the Charpy impact test specimens in a range of temperature between -4$0^{\circ}C$ and 288$^{\circ}C$. The dynamic fracture toughness is measured by the instrumented precracked Charpy impact test while the static fracture toughness is by the 3-point bend test based on the unloading compliance method. The results are compared with the data obtained from the large specimens. It is known through the studies that temperature dependence of the appropriate (a low bound) value of the fracture toughness can be estimated by taking the static fracture toughness above the transition temperature and the dynamic fracture toughness below the temperature and it is also shown that the tests are satisfied with the requirements of ASTM E 813 when the side-groove is more than 14%.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 1997

S1he concept of a class in the land-use classification system can be equally applied to a class in the land-use-change classification. The maximum likelihood method using linear discriminant function and Markov transition matrix method were integrated to a synthetic modeling effort in order to project spatial allocation of land-use-change and quantitative assignment of that prediction as a whole. The algorithm of both the multivariate discriminant function and the Markov chain matrix were discussed and the test of synthetic model on the study area was resulted in the projection of '90 year as well as '95 year land -use classification. The accuracy and the issue of modeling improvement were discussed eventually.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.249-255
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• 2000

HRIV(Hybrid Rule-Interval Variation) method is presented to stabilize a class of nonlinear systems, where SMC(Sliding Mode Control) and ADC (ADaptive Control) schemes are incorporated to overcome the unstable characteristics of a conventional FLC(Fuzzy Logic Control). HRIV method consists of two modes: I-mode (Integral Sliding Mode PLC) and R-mode(RIV method). In I-mode, SMC is used to compensate for MAE(Minimum Approximation Error) caused by the heuristic characteristics of FLC. In R-mode, RIV method reduces interval lengths of rules as states converge to an equilibrium point, which makes the defined Lyapunov function candidate negative semi-definite without considering MAE, and the new uncertain parameters generated in R-mode are compensated by SMC. In RIV method, the overcontraction problem that the states are out of a rule-table can happen by the excessive reduction of rule intervals, which is solved with a dynamic modification of rule-intervals and a transition to I-mode. Especially, HRIV method has advantages to use the analytic upper bound of MAE and to reduce Its effect in the control input, compared with the previous researches. Finally, the proposed method is applied to stabilize a simple nonlinear system and a modified inverted pendulum system in simulation experiments.