• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2002

This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo corrosion products of low and high copper amalgams. The four different types of amalgam alloy used in this study were Fine cut, Caulk spherical, Dispersalloy, and Tytin. After each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the directions of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator(Amalgam mixer. Shinhung Co. Korea), the triturated mass was inserted into a cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10mm in height. The mass was condensed by 150Kg/cm compressive force. The specimen was removed from the mold and aged at room temperature for about seven days. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out by emery paper polishing under running water. In vitro amalgam specimens were potentiostatically polarized ten times in a normal saline solution at $37^{\circ}C$(potentiostat : HA-301. Hukuto Denko Corp. Japan). Each specimen was subjected to anodic polarization scan within the potential range -1700mV to+400mV(SCE). After corrosion tests, anodic polarization curves and corrosion potentials were obtained. The amount of component elements dissolved from amalgams into solution was measured three times by ICP AES(Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Plasma 40. Perkim Elmer Co. U.S.A.). The four different types of amalgam were filled in occlusal and buccal class I cavities of four human 3rd molars. After about five years the restorations were carefully removed after tooth extraction to preserve the structural details including the deteriorated margins. The occlusal surface, amalgam-tooth interface and the fractured surface of in vivo amalgam corrosion products were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro amalgam specimens were examined and analyzed metallographically by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Micro X-ray Analyser: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan). 1. The following results are obtained from in vitro corrosion tests. 1) Corrosion potentials of all amalgams became more noble after ten times passing through the in vitro corrosion test compared to first time. 2) After times through the test, released Cu concentration in saline solution was almost equal but highest in Fine cut. Ag and Hg ion concentration was highest in Caulk spherical and Sn was highest in Dispersalloy. 3) Analyses of surface corrosion products in vitro reveal the following results. a)The corroded surface of Caulk spherical has Na-Sn-Cl containing clusters of $5{\mu}m$ needle-like crystals and oval shapes of Sn-Cl phase, polyhedral Sn oxide phase. b)In Fine cut, there appeared to be a large Sn containing phase, surrounded by many Cu-Sn phases of $1{\mu}m$ granular shapes. c)Dispersalloy was covered by a thick reticular layer which contained Zn-Cl phase. d)In Tytin, a very thin, corroded layer had formed with irregularly growing Sn-Cl phases that looked like a stack of plates. 2. The following results are obtained by an analysis of in vivo amalgam corrosion products. 1) Occlusal surfaces of all amalgams were covered by thick amorphous layers containing Ca-P elements which were abraded by occlusal force. 2) In tooth-amalgam interface, Ca-P containing products were examined in all amalgams but were most clearly seen in low copper amalgams. 3) Sn oxide appeared as a polyhedral shape in internal space in Caulk spherical and Fine cut. 4) Apical pyramidal shaped Sn oxide and curved plate-like Sn-Cl phases resulted in Dispersalloy. 5) In Tytin, Sn oxide and Sn hydroxide were not seen but polyhedral Ag-Hg phase crystal appeared in internal space which assumed a ${\beta}_l$ phase.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2006

인간의 전 생애에 걸친 삶의 문제들을 지혜롭고 창조적으로 해결할 수 있는 능력을 길러주는 가정과교육의 인적 물적 자원이 학교 평생교육에 어느 정도 활용되고 있으며 이를 활성화시킬 방안은 무엇인지 알아보고자 전국의 중 고등학교 가정과교사들을 체계적 무선표집하여 질문지를 발송한 후 최종 회수된 135부를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 가정과교사들의 학교 평생교육 업무 참여 실태는 낮은 편이며 주로 컴퓨터 강좌를 맡고 있어 전문성 발휘가 안 되고 있는 실정이다. 가정과 교사들은 학습자를 가르치기를 원하지만 강사의 역할보다는 학교 평생교육 관련 제반 업무를 여러 가지 맡고 있어서 과중한 업무가 부담되고 있다. 학교 평생교육을 실시하는 학교 중 1/5 정도에서 가정과와 관련된 프로그램을 실시하고 있으며 주로 자모들을 대상으로 하는 $\ulcorner$취미 여가생활 프로그램$\lrcorner$인데 이는 가정과교사들이 미래사회에 가르쳐야 할 중요도가 가장 낮다고 여기는 프로그램 내용이다. 가정과교사들과 학부모 및 지역주민이 가장 중요하게 생각하고 개설을 희망하는 프로그램 내용은 $\ulcorner$자녀교육 프로그램$\lrcorner$으로서, 학습자의 요구도에 걸맞으면서 그들의 가족생활을 강화하거나 지지할 수 있는 직접적인 프로그램 강좌개설이 필요하다. 가정과 관련 실습실의 실태는 조리실습을 할 수 있는 정도의 형태여서 개방을 위해서는 실습실의 확충 및 시설 면에서의 보완이 필요하다. 가정과 관련 학교 평생교육의 활성화 방안으로 가정과교사들은 교육 연수를 통해 전문성을 길러 양질의 프로그램으로 학교 평생교육의 강사로서 참여할 의향이 있으며 이를 뒷받침해 줄 정부의 지원과 노력한 만큼의 적절한 의상을 바라고 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2001

절연 특성이 기존의 SiO$_2$ 보다 우수한 500 두께의 SiN$_4$층을 두 단결정 실리콘사이의 절연막질로 채택하고 직접접합시켜 직경 10cm의 Si(100) /500 -Si$_3$N$_4$/Si (100) 기판쌍을 제조하였다. p-type (100) 실리콘기판을 친수성, 소수성을 갖도록 습식방법으로 세척한 두 그룹의 시편들을 준비하였다. 기판전면에 LPCVD로 500 $\AA$ 두께의 Si$_3$N$_4$∥Si(100) 기판을 성장시키고 실리론 기판과 고청정상태에서 가접시킨 후, 선형열원의 이동속도를 0.1mm/s로 고정시키고 선형 입열량을 400~1125w 범위에서 변화시키면서 직접접합을 실시하였다. 접합된 기판은 적외선 카메라로 계면 접합면적을 확인하고 razor blade creek opening 측정법으로 세정 방법에 따른 각 기판쌍 그들의 접합강도를 확인하였다. 접합강도가 측정된 기판쌍은 high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM )을 사용하여 수직단면 미세구조를 조사하였다. 입열량의 증가에 따라 두 그를 모두 접합율은 큰 유의차 없이 765% 정도로, 소수성 처리가 된 기판쌍의 접합강도는 1577mJ/$m^2$가지 선형적으로 증가하였으나, 친수성 처리가 된 기판쌍은 주어진 실험 범위에서 입열량의 증가에 따라 큰 변화 없이 2000mj/$m^2$이상의 접합 강도를 보였다 친수성 처리가 된 기판쌍의 수직단면 미세구조를 고분해능 투과전자현미경으로 각인한 결과 모든 시편의 실리콘과 Si$_3$N$_4$사이에 25 $\AA$ 정도의 SiO$_2$ 자연산화막이 존재하여 중간충 역할을 함으로서 기판접합강도를 향상시키는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

본 연구는 중학교 급식의 품질 개선을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 학교급식을 시행하고 있는 부산지역 중학교 중에서 식당배식을 하는 4개 학교와 교실배식을 하는 4개 학교를 대상으로 배식방법별로 급식에 대한 전반적인 중요도, 수행도 및 갭을 조사하였다. 조사대상 중학생들의 급식에 대한 총 평균점수에서 중요도는 4.23점, 수행도는 2.93점, 갭은 -1.31점으로 나타났다. 특히 위생영역의 만족도 점수가 -1.68로 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 품질만족도는 식기류의 청결<반납장소의 청결<음식의 위생상태 순으로 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 배식장소에 따른 영역별 중요도는 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, 세부항목에서는 음식의 양은 교실배식이, 급식종사자의 친절은 식당배식이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 중요도 점수가 높게 나타났다. 수행도에서는 교실배식이 식당배식보다 전체 평균이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 위생영역, 급식의 신속 정확성 영역에 대한 수행도는 교실배식이, 음식영역에 대한 수행도는 식당배식이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높게 나타났다. 배식장소별 갭은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 교실배식이 식당배식보다 급식의 신속$.$정확성 영역에 대한 갭에서 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 격자도 분석에서 학생들이 중요하게 생각하나 잘 수행되지 않는 A영역에 교실배식과 식당배식 간에 공통적으로 나타난 불만족 항목은 식기류의 청결, 반납장소의 청결, 불만처리의 신속함, 건의사항의 반영, 건의사항에 대한 경청이 해당되며, 교실배식이 식당배식보다 가격에 대비한 음식 질, 음식의 위생상태, 후식제공에서도 불만족인 것으로 나타났다. 이상을 살펴볼 때, 중학교 급식의 경우, 위생영역에 대한 만족도가 가장 낮으므로 급식의 품질을 향상시키기 위해 식기류의 청결, 음식의 위생상태, 반납장소의 청결 등에 대한 집중적인 관리가 필요하다. 특히 교실배식의 경우 식당배식에 비해 조리 후 배식에 이르는 시간이 길어서 음식의 위생 및 품질 면에서 여러 가지 문제점을 야기할 우려가 있다. 최근 조리 후 배식까지의 시간이 짧고 음식의 위생과 적온관리가 잘 되는 식당배식으로 전환하는 비율이 높다. 그러나 식당이 좁고 먼 거리에 위치한 경우 식당으로 이동하여 많은 시간을 기다리다보니 점심시간을 활용할 수 없게 되는 문제점에 대한 재검토가 필요하다. 따라서 차후 학교급식의 안전성 확보를 위한 급식환경 개선의 일환으로 식당공간 확보 시 신속한 시간 내에 급식이 가능하도록 넓은 공간과 쾌적한 환경의 식당 조성에 대해 관심을 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제43호
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• pp.145-172
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• 2021

<증인>은 금기시되었던 소재로부터 출발한다. 1950년에 있었던 한강교 폭파 사건과 최창식 대령 총살의 실상은 입에서 입으로 전해지는 '소문'으로만 알려졌을 뿐이다. 당시 집권층은 개전 초의 불리한 전황과 대통령의 거짓 방송이라는 뼈아픈 실책을 드러내고 싶어 하지 않았다. 유가족들에게마저 철저히 비밀로 부쳐졌던 사건의 진실은 정권이 바뀌고 난 뒤에야 폭로될 수 있었다. 이후 최창식 대령의 유가족이 재심청구를 통해 망자의 무죄를 확정짓고 난 뒤 <증인>이 탄생할 수 있었다. 하지만 <증인>의 운명은 그리 순탄치 못했다. 당시의 관계자들은 해당 텍스트로 인해 겪었던 곤란들을 생생하게 기억하고 있다. 대본 사전 검열을 통과했음에도 불구하고 공연 직전에 취소될 수밖에 없었던 사정은 그리 단순하지 않다. 국립극장, 문교부의 관계자도 모자라 군 장성들까지 연습실을 찾아와 공연을 중단시키려 했다는 사실은 반대로 <증인>이 담고 있는 위험성을 증언하는 것이기도 했다. 그것은 공식적 역사의 균열과 이를 저지하기 위한 움직임으로 요약될 수 있는 것이다. <증인>은 이후 1981년 텔레비전 특집극 <불타는 다리>로 각색되어 사람들 앞에 처음으로 공개될 수 있었다. 텔레비전에서 정치적으로 민감한 소재를 다루었다는 측면에서 이것은 매우 의미 있는 진일보였으나 애초에 <증인>이 가지고 있었던 불온성은 상당부분 사라져 버렸다. 이후 1988년, 민주주의가 보다 유화국면에 접어들고 나서야 <증인>은 온전한 형태로 공연될 수 있었다. 요컨대 <증인>은 기성질서의 입장에서 기록된 한국전쟁의 역사와 이에 균열을 내는 대항 기억이, 시대와 매체의 변화에 따라 변모하는 과정을 생생하게 보여주는 사례라 할 수 있다.

• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제29권
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

우리나라는 2015년 기준, 65세 이상 노인인구 비중이 13.1%로써 '고령화 사회(aging society)'에 진입하였으며, OECD 국가 중 인구 고령화 증가율 1위에 이를 정도로 급속한 노인인구 증가를 나타내고 있다. 이에 대한 대비책의 일환으로 한국정부는 2008년 7월, '노인장기요양보험제도를 시행하였고, 이후 2015년까지 노인요양시설의 규모는 무려 220.2%에 이르는 급속한 양적 신장을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 양적 증가에 대하여 환경의 질적 향상에 대한 필요성이 대두되며 색채환경은 가장 효과적인 환경개선의 방법으로 인정받고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 양적 증가일로에 있는 한국 노인요양시설 환경의 질적 향상을 위하여, 이의 공간적 기능을 지원하는 색채환경을 파악하고, 예비수요자인 고령자들을 대상으로 노인요양시설 색채환경에 대한 의식조사 및 선호색채 조사를 실시하여, 수요자 의식 및 선호경향이 반영된 노인요양시설의 색채환경 계획의 방향 제시를 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 노인요양시설의 정의 및 현황, 선행연구 동향, 그리고 공간기능별과 색채환경을 파악하고, 부산, 경남지역 60대 이상 고령자 총 100명(남자 52명, 여자 48명)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 노인요양시설 색채환경에 대한 의식 및 기능별 선호색채를 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인요양시설 색채환경에 대한 '의식조사' 결과로 노인요양시설 선정 시 가장 중요하게 생각하는 요소는 서비스(37%), 의료수준(20%), 위치(19%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 실내색채 계획에 대한 중요성은 대부분 인식하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 노인요양시설 실내색채계획에 대한 필요성은, '그렇다'(32%), '매우 그렇다'(25%)의 순으로 나타나 요양시설의 색채도입이 필요함을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, 노인요양시설 실내색채에 대한 설문조사 결과, 거주공간기능(침실)에 대한 선호색상은 R, P, G의 순으로, 간호공간기능(프로그램실)에 대한 선호색상은 G, R, Y의 순으로, 공용공간기능(로비)에 대한 선호색상은 R, G, Y의 순으로 나타나, 전반적으로 R계열의 색상을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.376-388
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• 1996

The first and the second "Discussion Contest of Scientific Investigation" was evaluated in this study. This contest was a part of 'Korean Youth Science Festival' held in 1993 and 1994. The evaluation was based on the data collected from the middle school students of final teams, their teachers, a large number of middle school students and college students who were audience of the final competition. Questionnaires, interviews, reports of final teams, and video tape of final competition were used to collect data. The study focussed on three research questions. The first was about the preparation and the research process of students of final teams. The second was about the format and the proceeding of the Contest. The third was whether participating the Contest was useful experience for the students and the teachers of the final teams. The first area, the preparation and the research process of students, were investigated in three aspects. One was the level of cooperation, participation, support and the role of teachers. The second was the information search and experiment, and the third was the report writing. The students of the final teams from both years, had positive opinion about the cooperation, students' active involvement, and support from family and school. Students considered their teachers to be a guide or a counsellor, showing their level of active participation. On the other hand, the interview of 1993 participants showed that there were times that teachers took strong leading role. Therefore one can conclude that students took active roles most of the time while the room for improvement still exists. To search the information they need during the period of the preparation, student visited various places such as libraries, bookstores, universities, and research institutes. Their search was not limited to reading the books, although the books were primary source of information. Students also learned how to organize the information they found and considered leaning of organizing skill useful and fun. Variety of experiments was an important part of preparation and students had positive opinion about it. Understanding related theory was considered most difficult and important, while designing and building proper equipments was considered difficult but not important. This reflects the students' school experience where the equipments were all set in advance and students were asked to confirm the theories presented in the previous class hours. About the reports recording the research process, students recognize the importance and the necessity of the report but had difficulty in writing it. Their reports showed tendency to list everything they did without clear connection to the problem to be solved. Most of the reports did not record the references and some of them confused report writing with story telling. Therefore most of them need training in writing the reports. It is also desirable to describe the process of student learning when theory or mathematics that are beyond the level of middle school curriculum were used because it is part of their investigation. The second area of evaluation was about the format and the proceeding of the Contest, the problems given to students, and the process of student discussion. The format of the Contests, which consisted of four parts, presentation, refutation, debate and review, received good evaluation from students because it made students think more and gave more difficult time but was meaningful and helped to remember longer time according to students. On the other hand, students said the time given to each part of the contest was too short. The problems given to students were short and open ended to stimulate students' imagination and to offer various possible routes to the solution. This type of problem was very unfamiliar and gave a lot of difficulty to students. Student had positive opinion about the research process they experienced but did not recognize the fact that such a process was possible because of the oneness of the task. The level of the problems was rated as too difficult by teachers and college students but as appropriate by the middle school students in audience and participating students. This suggests that it is possible for student to convert the problems to be challengeable and intellectually satisfactory appropriate for their level of understanding even when the problems were difficult for middle school students. During the process of student discussion, a few problems were observed. Some problems were related to the technics of the discussion, such as inappropriate behavior for the role he/she was taking, mismatching answers to the questions. Some problems were related to thinking. For example, students thinking was off balanced toward deductive reasoning, and reasoning based on experimental data was weak. The last area of evaluation was the effect of the Contest. It was measured through the change of the attitude toward science and science classes, and willingness to attend the next Contest. According to the result of the questionnaire, no meaningful change in attitude was observed. However, through the interview several students were observed to have significant positive change in attitude while no student with negative change was observed. Most of the students participated in Contest said they would participate again or recommend their friend to participate. Most of the teachers agreed that the Contest should continue and they would recommend their colleagues or students to participate. As described above, the "Discussion Contest of Scientific Investigation", which was developed and tried as a new science contest, had positive response from participating students and teachers, and the audience. Two among the list of results especially demonstrated that the goal of the Contest, "active and cooperative science learning experience", was reached. One is the fact that students recognized the experience of cooperation, discussion, information search, variety of experiments to be fun and valuable. The other is the fact that the students recognized the format of the contest consisting of presentation, refutation, discussion and review, required more thinking and was challenging, but was more meaningful. Despite a few problems such as, unfamiliarity with the technics of discussion, weakness in inductive and/or experiment based reasoning, and difficulty in report writing, The Contest demonstrated the possibility of new science learning environment and science contest by offering the chance to challenge open tasks by utilizing student science knowledge and ability to inquire and to discuss rationally and critically with other students.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1975

The success of the family planning program in Korea is reflected in the decrease in the growth rate from 3.0% in 1962 to 2.0% in 1971, and in the decrease in the fertility rate from 43/1,000 in 1960 to 29/1,000 in 1970. However, it would be erroneous to attribute these reductions entirely to the family planning program. Other socio-economic factors, such as the increasing age at marriage and the increasing use of induced abortions, definitely had an impact on the lowered growth and fertility rate. Despite the relative success of the program to data in meeting its goals, there is no room for complacency. Meeting the goal of a further reduction in the population growth rate to 1.3% by 1981 is a much more difficult task than any one faced in the past. Not only must fertility be lowered further, but the size of the target population itself will expand tremendously in the late seventies; due to the post-war baby boom of the 1950's reaching reproductive ages. Furthermore, it is doubtful that the age at marriage will continue to rise as in the past or that the incidence of induced abortion will continue to increase. Consequently, future reductions in fertility will be more dependent on the performance of the national family planning program, with less assistance from these non-program factors. This paper will describe various approaches to help to the solution of these current problems. 1. PRACTICE RATE IN FAMILY PLANNING In 1973, the attitude (approval) and knowledge rates were quite high; 94% and 98% respectively. But a large gap exists between that and the actual practice rate, which is only 3695. Two factors must be considered in attempting to close the KAP-gap. The first is to change social norms, which still favor a larger family, increasing the practice rate cannot be done very quickly. The second point to consider is that the family planning program has not yet reached all the eligible women. A 1973 study determineded that a large portion, 3096 in fact, of all eligible women do not want more children, but are not practicing family planning. Thus, future efforts to help close the KAP-gap must focus attention and services on this important large group of potential acceptors. 2. CONTINUATION RATES Dissatisfaction with the loop and pill has resulted in high discontinuation rates. For example, a 1973 survey revealed that within the first six months initial loop acceptance. nearly 50% were dropouts, and that within the first four months of inital pill acceptance. nearly 50% were dropouts. These discontinuation rates have risen over the past few years. The high rate of discontinuance obviously decreases the contraceptive effectiveness. and has resulted in many unwanted births which is directly related to the increase of induced abortions. In the future, the family planning program must emphasize the improved quality of initial and follow-up services. rather than more quantity, in order to insure higher continuation rates and thus more effective contraceptive protection. 3. INDUCED ABORTION As noted earlier. the use of induced abortions has been increase yearly. For example, in 1960, the average number of abortions was 0.6 abortions per women in the 15-44 age range. By 1970. that had increased to 2 abortions per women. In 1966. 13% of all women between 15-44 had experienced at least one abortion. By 1971, that figure jumped to 28%. In 1973 alone, the total number of abortions was 400,000. Besides the ever incre.sing number of induced abortions, another change has that those who use abortions have shifted since 1965 to include- not. only the middle class, but also rural and low-income women. In the future. in response to the demand for abortion services among rural and low-income w~men, the government must provide and support abortion services for these women as a part of the national family planning program. 4. TARGET SYSTIi:M Since 1962, the nationwide target system has been used to set a target for each method, and the target number of acceptors is then apportioned out to various sub-areas according to the number of eligible couples in each area. Because these targets are set without consideration for demographic factors, particular tastes, prejudices, and previous patterns of acceptance in the area, a high discontinuation rate for all methods and a high wastage rate for the oral pill and condom results. In the future. to alleviate these problems of the methodbased target system. an alternative. such as the weighted-credit system, should be adopted on a nation wide basis. In this system. each contraceptive method is. assigned a specific number of points based upon the couple-years of protection (CYP) provided by the method. and no specific targets for each method are given. 5. INCREASE OF STERILIZA.TION TARGET Two special projects. the hospital-based family planning program and the armed forces program, has greatly contributed to the increasing acceptance in female and male sterilization respectively. From January-September 1974, 28,773 sterilizations were performed. During the same time in 1975, 46,894 were performed; a 63% increase. If this trend continues, by the end of 1975. approximately 70,000 sterilizations will have been performed. Sterilization is a much better method than both the loop and pill, in terms of more effective contraceptive protection and the almost zero dropout rate. In the future, the. family planning program should continue to stress the special programs which make more sterilizations possible. In particular, it should seek to add the laparoscope techniques to facilitate female sterilization acceptance rates. 6. INCREASE NUMBER OF PRIVATE ACCEPTORS Among the current family planning users, approximately 1/3 are in the private sector and thus do not- require government subsidy. The number of private acceptors increases with increasing urbanization and economic growth. To speed this process, the government initiated the special hospital based family planning program which is utilized mostly by the private sector. However, in the future, to further hasten the increase of private acceptors, the government should encourage doctors in private practice to provide family planning services, and provide the contraceptive supplies. This way, those do utilize the private medical system will also be able to receive family planning services and pay for it. Another means of increasing the number of private acceptors, IS to greatly expand the commercial outlets for pills and condoms beyond the existing service points of drugstores, hospitals, and health centers. 7. IE&C PROGRAM The current preferred family size is nearly twice as high as needed to achieve a stable poplation. Also, a strong boy preference hinders a small family size as nearly all couples fuel they must have at least one or more sons. The IE&C program must, in the future, strive to emphasize the values of the small family and equality of the sexes. A second problem for the IE&C program to work. with in the: future is the large group of people who approves family planning, want no more children, but do not practice. The IE&C program must work to motivate these people to accept family planning And finally, for those who already practice, an IE&C program in the future must stress continuation of use. The IE&C campaign, to insure highest effectiveness, should be based on a detailed factor analysis of contraceptive discontinuance. In conclusion, Korea faces a serious unfavorable sociodemographic situation- in the future unless the population growth rate can be curtailed. And in the future, the decrease in fertility will depend solely on the family planning program, as the effect of other socio-economic factors has already been maximumally felt. A second serious factor to consider is the increasing number of eligible women due to the 1950's baby boom. Thus, to meet these challenges, the program target must be increased and the program must improve the effectiveness of its current activities and develop new programs.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2010

본고에서는 일본 중견기업의 위상, 특징, 관련 정책을 검토함으로써 우리나라에서의 중견기업 정책의 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 일본의 경쟁우위업종인 기계, 전자부품업의 출하와 고용비중은 여타 업종보다 높아, 그 저변에 두터운 중견기업이 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 일본의 중견기업 육성정책은 연구개발과 환경대책을 위한 기업간 제휴 유도라는 측면에서 간접적으로 지원하고 있다. 우리나라도 특정 정책사업에 있어서 기업간 협력 유도를 통하여 중견기업을 육성할 수 있을 것이다.