• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

An amazing growth in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain based smart cities from both industry and academia has been witnessed in the recent years. There are many smart applications such as intelligent transportation, smart banking, improving the life style of citizen, energy consumption and managing the waste in the city, handling home needs are supporting the Smart city concept. These applications are profoundly supported by the advanced technologies like Blockchain as well as IoT in the recent past. Smart cities can be supported by the Blockchain core concepts such as secure, transparent, decentralized and immutable nature. Still, Blockchain and IoT technologies implementation in smart cities are in their early stages and significant research efforts are desirable to integrate them. This review article explores the roles and responsibilities of Blockchain and IoT in building smart cities.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

To investigate the effects of wearable near-infrared ray-emitting knee pads on knee pain among elderly adults in Korea. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of near-infrared rays (NIR) on knee pain in Korean elderly adults. Five community-based research facilities (two welfare centers, a senior citizen center, and two churches). Forty-seven participants aged 65 years and older who had experienced knee pain. The experimental group (n = 25) wore NIR-emitting knee pads for one month at nighttime while sleeping. The control group (n = 22) wore knee pads without NIR. Demographic characteristics, intensity and duration of knee pain, amount of analgesic medication used, range of motion, gait speed, and health-related quality of life were collected using questionnaires. The experimental group showed decreased intensity (t = -6.17, p < 0.001) and duration (t = -3.34, p = 0.002) of knee pain and reduced analgesic use (t = -2.30, p = 0.026) compared to the control group. NIR may be an effective non-pharmacological option for relieving knee pain in elderly adults.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.177-199
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• 2009

In this study, I would try to observe the scopes and related matters of the authority of private security personnel based on the basic discussion about the identity of private security. Everybody knows, the problems of private personnel have been mainly discussed in the relations of the public police. Because the roles of private personnel are similar to the police, and in the perspective of the law, private security are regulated by the police. When we compared with the police, the scopes of authorities of private personnel are considered in several points. First, most private personnel are just only 'citizen', so they can exercise the authority as citizen. It can include self-defense, self-help. flagrante delicto arrest. But when discuss the authority in the scopes of a possessionary right or managemental right, the authority of private personnel can be extended somewhat. Moreover, when private personnel are delegated by the special laws, their authority are extended much more. Finally, when the whole authority are delegated by such as the privatization, private personnel authority can be nearly same to the police. But, it can be considered that the degrees of the delegated authority are flexible. And the exercise of the authority must be performed in the limit that not infringe the individual freedom and rights. It seems to me that the degrees of fairness in use of authorities and it's a permitted limit are set forth a premise not only the legitimate base but also judicial judgement. Therefore, the attitudes of the courts related the exercise of authority are very important. And the growth of private security and the extension of authority followed are inevitably accompany the various problems of responsibility, so it must be considered about that in many perspectives.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.63-93
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• 2014

The importance of citizen as a key of community safety has increased, and the legislation to support the citizen's activities is continued. However systematic and detailed action plans are not enough to something. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop the educational program model for the citizens on patrol for the improvement of practical use. The methods of this research are to make and suggest the educational program for citizens on patrol by literature review and cases analysis of educational program implemented one years ago. The findings are suggested as belows. First, the learners need the contents can be practically used in the field and sufficient time of education. Second, the subgoal to achieve the ultimate goal of education program model should be established as 'customer-centered, field-oriented, competence reinforcement', and driving strategy must be composed of four stages as plan-design-implementation-evaluation. Also, for strategy of each stage, detailed sub-strategies from preparation to execution of education have to be considered. Third, education program must be categorized by basic-intermediate-expert courses depending on the level of learners, and theoretically and practically oriented curriculum subjects are organized in balance by each course.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine whether if the emotional response of participants influences senior citizens at a senior citizen center and to develop the qualities and skills of the instructors of the senior citizens. Not only will we provide effective materials but also provide basic materials as well. The emotional response of interpersonal relationships, achievement goal of ability to performance, and influence of orientating themselves. Additionally, the emotional response of interpersonal relationships, ability to concentrate, and confidence. Finally, the achievement goal of task orientation, concentration of ability to performance on orientating oneself, as well as confidence. Therefore, we will be able to determine if the emotional response of a participant influences achievement of a goal and of the effectiveness of senior citizen instructors. This will not only help with practical and cultural issues, but will close the distance between the instructors participants based on consideration of their situational aspects. Furthermore, the sports activities and continued participation of the elderly. Always need to be ready mentally, and rather than the consideration of others as well as the game results, it is important to have an interest in achieving their own standards. Instructors toned to lend support while setting goals for the participants so that they contribute to the personal development and overall quality of life of the participants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.716-730
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• 2016

The meaning and role of science culture based on such values as rational thinking, creativity, critical validation has been growing in the process of discussing various social problems. In order to diffuse science culture, it is important to sustain citizen's activeness by providing contents which can induce interest on the base of two-way communication between public and experts and to support citizen activities performed voluntarily. To that end, various people such as scientist, government policymaker, communicator, those in charge of culture and art, exhibition curator should make up collaboration system and such requirement as motivation, leadership, agreement between the participants, communication, trust relationship is also to be met properly in order to proceed collaboration efficiently. This study reviews how these factors are coming true in governmental project for science culture and develops proposal for improvement on the base of opinions collected through expert meetings, interviews, workshop and data research. In addition, it explains that government must strengthen scientific cultural project personnel and lay infra such as communications hub, regional center, platform and improve the business selection method to promote competition and collaboration among project participants with reformation of reward and regulatory systems. It is performed to suggest comprehensive ways to increase efficiency of project for science culture out of not the deficit model which regard public as passive acceptant but context model or PES(public engagement in science) that take public who focus his attention and participate actively into account.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.125-154
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• 2004

Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. The objective of this research is to build its study theory and establish its causal relation by illuminating for the social environment of capitalism for a private guard or a development background of the civil security contributing for citizen security, as well as gets the clue of the development possibility of the civil guard and escort field and the development of capitalism. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society, many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition, The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition. Consequently, this research is started to grasp the security of civil fiend and to grope a development possibility through the research of capitalism.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

A questionare survey was performed to investigate the citizen's attitude concerning waste treatment facilities. Most people recognized the seriousness of the waste treatment problem and think that more composting facilities should be built. People dislike most the landfill facility, followed by the nightsoil treatment facility, the incineration facility and the composting facility. Most people answered that the disirable distance from their house to the treatment facility should be farther than 4km for the landfill facility, farther than 2km for incineration and composting facilities and farther than 1km for the wastewater treatment plant. Most people want moving cost+land price+inconvience suffering cost (amount equal to the land prize+building prize) for their retrieval. About 30% of people answered that they will not accept any waste treatment facility even though it is perfect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3 s.110
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• pp.18-30
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• 2005

Since the 1990s, with the beginning of local autonomy, most Korean cities have tried to establish and reinforce their own identity. The Law on the Planning and the Use of National Land, which took effect in January 2003, requires major and minor cities to manage and develop a city image and a marketing strategy to reflect their current condition. However, many cities continue to experience confusion in implementing urban landscape planning because no efficient and systematic method has been provided for the analysis of a city's image. The absence of systematic analysis methods makes it difficult not only to assess the current condition of a city accurately but also to choose an appropriate policy for the given city. Consequently, many cities suffer excessive trials and errors in implementing the correct policies for their city. The purpose of this study was to analyze the image: of Kongju, which has many historical properties. For this purpose, adjective questionnaires and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) were made use of in order to assess the city image. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. There are five properties that serve as landmarts lie symbolize Kongju: Muryeong royal tomb, Castle Kong, Mt. Gyeoiryong, Forest Museum, and Kongju National Museum. 2. Based on the citizen survey regarding the city type, Kongju is seen as a historical and an educational city. 3. Based on the image positioning (image spatial plot), Kongju is described as an old and familiar city. There we, however, no landmarks which are in accord with the image of Kongju. It is difficult to establish and reinforce the image of a city with a single element like a landmark However, with steady follow-up research, this study may serve as a systematic and logical model to improve the urban landscape and image.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.235-253
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• 2008

In the developed countries, the private investigation system which is part of private security has developed together with police, and OECD countries except South Korea has developed the private investigation system establishing by the Private Investigation ACT. In Korea, there was several attempt to establish the Private Investigation ACT but it was not accomplished because of private security circumstances. In this study, the chapter Iis introduction, theoretical background is in chapter II, chapter III is the operation of private investigation of the developed countries, analysis and direction of the Private Investigation ACT in chapter IV, and conclusion in chapter V. To introduce the private investigation system, it is required to discover the problem of the Private Investigation ACT mentioned in this article and to develop the private investigation system by collecting the opnion of citizen, academic world, and the related agency. It is necessary to associated interest and effort of citizen, academic world, and the related agency for introdection of the private investigation system.