• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.173-183
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• 2005

The ichthyofauna and community structure in the Chuncheon Reservoir, Korea, were investigated from August 2003 to April 2004. The total number of fish caught from the period was 10,821 fish representing 41 species and 13 families. There were 16 Korean endemic species, including Hemibarbus mylodon, Acheilognathus yamatsutae and Odontobutis platycephala. Dominant species was Hypomesus olidus $(30.69\%) $ and subdominant species was Hemibarbus labeo $(14.70\%)$. Also, Zacco platypus $(10.57\%)$, Zacco temminckii $(9.66\%)$, Micropterus salmoides$(4.81\%)$, Rhinogobeus brunneus $(4.28\%)$ and Microphysogobio yaluensis $(3.10\%)$ were numerous. The biomass of collected fishes were Hemibarbus labeo (34.63 kg), Hypomesus olidus (19.01 kg), Cyprinus carpio (12.77 kg), Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis (11.28 kg), Zacco platypus (8.04 kg). Among the 7 introduced fishes in Chuncheon Reservoir Carassius cuvieri, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Micropterus salmoides were originated from foreign countries, and others (Anguilla japonica, Hypomesus olidus, Oncorhynchus masou mason and Chaenogobius urotaenius) were introduced from other native river systems.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the improvement in exercise endurance by Hovenia dulcis fruit hot water extract (HDWE) for the potential application as a functional food material. The effect was based on the evaluation of the forced-swimming capacity and changes in biochemical parameters in mice. Six-week-old mice were classified into four groups based on a randomized block design: the negative control group, the HDWE 50 mg/kg body weight group, the HDWE 200 mg/kg body weight group, and the 1-octacosanol 50 mg/kg body weight group (n=8 mice per group). The swimming exercise time in the HDWE-50 group was increased at 545±43 sec compared to the control group at 263±28 sec. The HDWE-200 fatigue indicators, lactate acid and ammonia content, decreased to 4.99±0.33 mg/mL and 0.63±0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the content of glycogen in the liver and muscle tended to increase in the group administered HDWE but was not significant. Likewise, the LDH and glucose contents were increased compared to the control group. The muscle damage indicators ALT (52.7±2.6 U/L) and AST (42.5±5.2 U/L) tended to decrease compared to the control group (76.4±10.2 U/L).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers', students' and their parents' perceptions of new experimental grade $3{\sim}4$ science textbooks and teacher's guides developed by revised national science curriculum. 63 teachers, 436 students and their 448 parents were selected from 9 elementary schools selected as model schools, and were administered the questionnaires of the perceptions of the new science textbooks and/or teacher's guides. The results revealed that many teachers had a rather positive perception of the teacher's guides. In addition, most of the teachers, students and their parents, especially the students and their parents than the teachers, perceived positively the new science textbooks. They also had various views of the strengths and weaknesses of the new science textbooks and/or teacher's guides upon cognitive and motivational/emotional/affective aspects. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

Dining-out behavior is associated not only with socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, education, occupation, residence, and marital status, but also with individual preferences, such as eating-out activities, interests, and opinions. We investigated dining-out behaviors and their associated factors. Announcements by health practioners and the Chief of Dong Office were used to recruit 739 residents (217 males and 522 females) in Chuncheon, Korea. Information on the frequency and reasons for eating out, the standards for meal selection, and the overall satisfaction with restaurants, based on taste, nutrition, amount, price, service, sanitation, and subsidiary facilities of restaurants, was obtained through personal interviews with a structured questionnaire. Among all respondents, 46.3% of subjects ate outside of the home once or twice a month, and 33.8% reported that they ate out only a few times a year, or never. This was much higher than the national average of 52.0% as reported by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) in 2001. The frequency of eating out differed significantly according to age (p=0.001), family income (p<0.001), residential area (p<0.001), and educational level (p<0.001). The most common reasons for dining out were meetings (46.7%), followed by special celebrations (15.4%), and enjoyment (11.2%). Korean food (55.3%) was the most frequently selected type of meal when eating out, and food was most often selected based on personal preferences (41.4%) and taste (29.8%); only 5.5% and 7.7% of subjects considered nutrition or other factors (e.g., sanitation), respectively. The results showed that the frequency of eating out for Chuncheon residents was much lower than the national average; in addition, eating-out behaviors depended on the residents' socio-demographic and personal characteristics.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2018

Mt. Bongeui is a neighborhood park of 66.4 ha as a major natural landscape resource located in the center of Chuncheon City. This study quantified the reduction of carbon, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, and $PM_{2.5}$, and the production of $O_2$ to explore the role for Mt. Bongeui to contribute to annual atmospheric purification. The main forest types and age classes of the study site included age-class III broadleaved forest at 35.8%, age-class VI coniferous forest at 17.2%, and age-class IV broadleaved forest at 15.7%. The annual atmospheric purification effect per unit area was as follows: 7.6 t carbon/ha/yr, 16.6 kg $SO_2/ha/yr$, 40.4 kg $NO_2/ha/yr$, 41.5 kg $O_3/ha/yr$, 53.7 kg $PM_{2.5}/ha/yr$, and 20.2 t $O_2/ha/yr$. The economic value of these effects was equivalent to about 12.9 million KRW/ha/yr. The study site annually offset carbon emissions of about 300 citizens, $SO_2$ emissions of 220 citizens, and $NO_2$ emissions of 92 citizens in Chuncheon. It also played an important role in annually producing 1.5% of the amount of $O_2$ necessary for the respiration of Chuncheon's total population. This study pioneers in comprehensively quantifying the atmospheric purification effect and could be useful in guiding the planning and management to improve the effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

Objective : Posture induced common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy is usually produced during the prolonged squatting or habitual leg crossing while seated, especially in Asian culture and is manifested by the onset of foot drop. Because of its similarity to discogenic foot drop, patients may be diagnosed with a lumbar disc disorder, and in some patients, surgeons may perform unnecessary examinations and even spine surgery. The purpose of our study is to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of posture induced CPN palsy. Methods : From June 2008 to June 2012, a retrospective study was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with peroneal nerve palsy in neurophysiologic study among patients experiencing foot drop after maintaining a certain posture for a long time. Results : The inducing postures were squatting (14 patients), sitting cross-legged (6 patients), lying down (4 patients), walking and driving. The mean prolonged neural injury time was 124.2 minutes. The most common clinical presentation was foot drop and the most affected sensory area was dorsum of the foot with tingling sensation (14 patients), numbness (8 patients), and burning sensation (4 patients). The clinical improvement began after a mean 6 weeks, which is not related to neural injury times. Electrophysiology evaluation was performed after 2 weeks later and showed delayed CPN nerve conduction study (NCS) in 24 patients and deep peroneal nerve in 2 patients. Conclusion : We suggest that an awareness of these clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make a diagnosis of posture induced CPN palsy and preclude unnecessary studies or inappropriate treatment in foot drop patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 1999

This study quantified carbon uptake and emissions in urban landscape, and the role of urban greenspace in atmospheric carbon reduction for several cities of Chuncheon and Kangleung in Kangwon province. Mean carbon storage by trees and shrubs was 26.0 t (mertric tons)/ha in Chuncheon and 46.7 t/ha in Kangleung for natural lands, and ranged from 4.7 to 6.3 t/ha for urban lands (all land use types except natural and agricultural lands) in both cities. Mean annual carbon uptake by trees and shrubs ranged from 1.60 to 1.71 t/ha/yr for natural lands, and from 0.56 to 0.71 t/ha/yr for urban lands. There was no significant difference (95% confidence level) between the two cities in the carbon storage and annual carbon uptake per ha, except the carbon storage for natural lands. Organic carbon storage in soils (to a depth of 60 cm) of Chuncheon average 24.8 t/ha for urban lands and 31.6 t/ha for natural lands, 1.3 times greater than for urban lands. Annual carbon accumulation in soils was 1.3 t/hr/yr for natural lands of the study cities. Annual per capita carbon emissions from fossil fuel consumption were 1.3 t/yr in Chunceon and 1.8 t/yr in Kangleung. The principal carbon release in urban landscapes was from transport and industry. Total carbon storage by urban greenspace (trees, shrubs, and soils) equaled 66% of total carbon emissions in Chuncheon and 101% in Kangleung. Carbon uptake by urban greenspace annually offset total carbon emissions by approximately 4% in the study cities. Thus, urban greenspace played a partial important role in reducing atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. To increase $CO_2$ uptake and storage by urban greenspace, suggested are conservation of natural lands, minimization of hard surfaces and more plantings, selection of tree species with high growth rate, and proper management for longer healthy tree growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

This study investigated effects of water content in leaf, leaf acidity, bark acidity and water soluble sulfur contents by vehicle. The results were as follows: The average water content in Pinus Koraiensis leaves at Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon were 49% and 51 % respectively. The average leaf acidity and bark acidity at Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon were respectively pH 4.8 and pH 4.9 in leaf, pH 5.3 and 5.4 bark. The average water soluble sulfur content in leaves showed a significant difference between Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon of 0.133% and 0.053% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 2014

Objective : To evaluate the incidence of postsurgical sensory complications in patients with scalp masses and classify the locations of them from a surgical standpoint according to anatomical considerations. Methods : A total of 121 patients who underwent surgery for scalp mass were included in this study. The authors reviewed medical records and preoperative radiologic images. We investigated the complications related to sensory changes after procedure. Enrolled patients have been divided into three groups. Group A included patients with tumors above the superior nuchal line (SNL), Group B with tumors within the trapezius muscle area and patients who had tumors on the lateral trapezius muscle area were assigned to Group C. We compared the incidence related to postoperative sensory complications and summarized their additional treatments for these with clinical outcome. Results : There were 12 patients (10%) with sensory complications related on the mass excision site (Group A : 1 patient, Group B : 2 patients, Group C : 9 patients). Six patients were affected with lesser occipital nerve (LON), 2 patients on greater occipital nerve (GON) and 4 patients on GON and LON. Over 6 months after surgery, two of the twelve patients with sensory complications did not have complete recovered pain in spite of proper medications and local chemical neurolysis with 1.0% lidocaine and dexamethasone. Conclusion : Occipital neuropathy should be considered as a complication related excision of scalp mass. The sensory complications are more frequent in Group C because of the anatomical characteristics of the occipital nerves and there were no statistical difference for other variables.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in schizophrenia, and the relationship among OCD, severity of psychopathology, and social function in stable patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods : We interviewed 138 symptom-stable inpatients who had been on a constant dose of antipsychotics for at least 1 month prior and diagnosed as chronic schizophrenia. Subsequently, patients were classified according to the existence of OCD as investigated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Further, all clinical and demographic data was investigated. To investigate potential interrelationships, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Korea-Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (K-PANSS), and the Korean Personal and Social Performance (K-PSP) were used. An independent ttest and Chi-square test were used to compare groups and a Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the Y-BOCS and other clinical rating scales. Results : The prevalence of OCD in schizophrenia patients was 18.1%. Patients with schizophrenia and OCD exhibited significantly earlier onset of schizophrenia, more severe psychiatric symptoms, and lower personal and social performance ability as compared to those without OCD. There was no significant relationship among Y-BOCS, K-PANSS, and K-PSP. Conclusion : We found that comorbid OCD was relatively more frequent in patients with schizophrenia. An investigation involving larger samples of schizophrenia patients with OCD with respect to social function and thus, the effect on quality of life is required.