• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

Objective : In order to elucidate hyperlipidemic effects of the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus aurantium, our experimental study was performed on hyperlipidemia rats induced by Triton WR-1339. Method : The hyperlipidemia rats induced by intraperitonial injection of triton WR-1339 were treated with the fruits of P. trifoliata (rare and preparata) and C. aurantium 50 and 200mg/kg. The amount of triglyceride. total cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AST. and ALT levels were measured. Results: The levels of triglyceride. total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in fruits of P. trifoliata (rare and preparata) and C. aurantiu. Simvastatine treated group compared with those of control but the level of HDL-cholesterol was incresed. The level of AST and ALT were not significantly reduced by the treatment to the fruits of P. trifoliata (rare and preparata) and C. aurantium. Conclusion : In the hyperlipidemia rats induced by triton WR-1339. the fruits of P. trifoliata (rare and preparata) and C. aurantium showed a hyperlipidemic effect.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 1994

Development of hyperlipidemic animal model is prerequisite for the screening of drugs lowering the blood lipoprotein level. In this study, two kinds of diet regimens were tried for the hyperlipidemic effect. The model will be used for the screening of current prescriptions to a variety of diseases related to hyperlipidemia by practioner of traditional herbal medicine. Fifteen male Wister rats of 200g were divided into three groups, and given normal, or either one of the two high cholesterol diets for up to 2 weeks. Regimen HC-1 and regimen HC-2 contained I% and 2% cholesterol in diet, respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and lower density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in the serum were measured before the start of the diet, at 1 week after the start, and at 2 week point. Both regimens resulted in hyperlipidemia with the typical characteristics of increase in TC and LDL, and reduction in HDL, and showed no observable side effects such as diarrhea. In conclusion, both of HC-1 and HC-2 regimens appeared appropriate as diet regimens for the hyperlipidemic rat model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2002

The primary objective of these studies was to screen the materials showing inhibitions of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of garlic, lovastatin and copper on cholesterol concentrations in plasma, liver and breast tissues in pullets. The degree of inhibition of the selective samples on HMG-CoA reductase activity was determined in vitro. The inhibition ratios of water soluble garlic extracts, lovastatin (methanol extracts) and copper to HMG-CoA reductase activity were 51.3%, 87.5%, and 82.0%, respectively. Control diet (basal diet) and experimental diets, garlic powder (3% in diet), lovastatin (300mg/Kg of diet) and copper (200mg/Kg of diet) were fed to pullets in order to investigate the changes of cholesterol concentration in plasma and tissues. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol in blood plasma were significantly reduced in pullets fed diet containing 3% garlic powder. However, copper significantly increased total cholesterol compared to control and lovastatin did not affect plasma cholesterol concentration. Total cholesterol and triglyceride of liver and breast tissues in pullets were not affected by adding the cholesterol-lowering materials to diets. The data suggests that it is not easy for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to reduce cholesterol levels in body due to complication of cholesterol metabolism. However, garlic administration can lower the levels of plasma cholesterol in pullets.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.259-268
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• 2006

It has been recognized that high level of serum cholesterol is a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Ingestion of probiotic lactic acid bacteria(LAB) in Kimchi would possibly be a method to decrease serum cholesterol in humans, as it was reported. In vitro culture experiment evaluated the effects of LAB(Leu. citreum, Lac. plantarum, Leu. mesenteroides, Weissella kimchii, W. confusa) extracted from Kimchi on cholesterol reduction in the MRS broth containing soluble cholesterol. Experimental strain of Leu. citreum and Leu. mesenteroides dominated in the first phase of Kimchi fermentation reduced the level of cholesterol 55.64% and 56.37%, respectively. Also, cholesterol lowering-effect was observed in over 55% of Lac. plantarum, W. kimchii and W. confusa strains, which were dominated in the end phase of fermentation. Our results suggest that selected probiotic LAB from Kimchi have an excellent cholesterol reducing effect in in vitro culture.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cheunggihwadamhwan (CGHDH) extract on lowering lipid, antioxidation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in rats fed on high fat diet. Methods 40 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on high fat diet for 8 weeks and 32 rats (above 400 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 mice in each group) : control group, 100 mg/Kg CGHDH group, 200 mg/Kg CGHDH group, 300 mg/Kg CGHDH group. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And We fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Cheunggihwadamhwan extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid in plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidative activity and gene expression. The gene expression level was investigated by the way of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results 1. Concentration of plasma FFA, plasma TG, plasma total cholesterol and plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a significant decrement in Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. However, concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol showed a significant increment in 200, 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol and liver TG showed a significant decrement in Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 3. Concentration of plasma TBARS showed a significant decrement in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of liver TBARS showed a significant decrement in 200, 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of liver GSH-Px, SOD and CAT showed a tendency to decrease in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 4. Concentration of plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, plasma IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ and NO, showed a tendency to decrease in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Concentration of plasma IL-10 showed a tendency to increase in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. 5. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gene expression of Apo-B and Apo-E in the Cheunggihwadamhwan groups showed a low expression than that of control group. The ratio of Apo-B expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the showed a significant decrement in all Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. The ratio of Apo-E expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the showed a significant decrement in 300 mg/kg Cheunggihwadamhwan groups. Conclusions According to this study, the extract of Cheunggihwadamhwan showed a positive effect of lowering lipid, antioxidation and a control of producing proinflammatory cytokines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein hydrolyzate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in the rat. Thirty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into five groups: casein, isolated soy protein (ISP), seoritae protein hydrolyzate (SH), soluble soy protein hydrolyzate (SS), and insoluble soy protein hydrolyzate (IS). The control diet (casein group) contained 20% casein protein and experimental diet contained 10% casein and 10% isolated soy-protein or soy-protein hydrolyzate. Fecal lipid content was increased and lipid apparent absorption rate was decreased significantly by the ISP group at the first week of experimental period. Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased by soy protein hydrolyzate groups than casein group. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were not different among groups, but showed decreasing tendencies in soyprotein hydrolyzate groups. The lipid lowering effect was prominent in the IS group among soy protein hydrolyzate groups. Total antioxidant activity showed increasing tendency in the seoritae hydrolyzate group. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities also showed higher tendencies in the seoritae hydrolyzate group than other groups. In conclusion, insoluble soyprotein hydrolyzate was more effective in lowering body lipids and seoritae hydrolyzate had higher antioxidant capacity among soy protein hydrolyzates.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1996

This study aimed at the effect of carbohydrate level on serum glucose and lipid in Korean female 300 NIDDM patients. Mostly NIDDM appears in 50-64 years. As carbohydrate level increased, nutrient intakes increased. Most carbohydrate intakes were polysaccharides. High carbohydrate diets made blood glucose level increased. But high carbohydrate-fiber diets result lowering effect on serum LDL /HDL-cholesterol ratio and triacylglycerides. In conclusion, NIDDM patients need regular exercise and total energy intake balance. High carbohydrate-fiber diets are recommendable.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.357-367
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• 2009

A meta-analysis of 63 randomized controlled trials of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Pioglitazone significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride (TG) level and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level. Rosiglitazone significantly lowered hemoglobin A1C level and fasting plasma glucose, whereas it increased all kinds of lipids (HDL, LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG, total cholesterol). In comparison, glucose lowering effect was higher in Rosiglitazone, and Pioglitazone produced a more favorable lipid profile.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 1995

Hyperlipidemia is a major predisposing factor of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular accidents. In effort to develope a hypolipidemic drug from medicinal herb, We tested three prescriptions of traditional medicine for the lipid lowering effect on diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. GyejI-Bokryung-Hwan, Ohyak-Sunki-San, and Shihoga-Yongol-Moryu-Tang were selected based on the comnon prescriptions for patients with hyperlipidemia-related diseases. Water extract from each prescriptions was made by the method used in the clinical setting, and administered intragastrically once a day, for 4 weeks. Fenofibrate and lovastatin were given by the same method as the control drugs. Blood levels of total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride(TG) were measured before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after starting the drug administration. All of the traditional prescriptions did not show lipid lowering effect, while fenofibrate lower the blood cholesterol levels(TC;from 215mg/dl before to 182m41 at 4 weeks-point of drug administration, and LDL ;from 203mg/dl before to aut 161, and 163mg/dl at 3 and 4 week-point respectively). Oyak-Sunki-San increased the level of TC (from 283mg/dl to over 350mg/dl starting from the first week of drug administratin). Effects on TG variable in the cases of traditional medicines and control drug In conclusion, any of the three traditional medical prescriptions did not decrease the level of blood cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.464-468
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• 2003

The antihypertensive and cholesterol- lowering effects of Monascus koji (M. koji) prepared with Monascus ruber IFO32318 were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Control was fed a normal diet and groups I, II or III were fed diets containing 0.03%, 0.1% or 0.3% M. koji for 8 weeks, respectively. After 8 weeks, all animals were fed normal diets in the following 2 weeks. The blood pressure of rats fed M. koji added diets were significantly attenuated as compared with control and the diet containing high concentration of M. koji had a tendency of stronger antihypertensive effect. These differences lasted throughout the experimental period when they were fed experimental diet. For 2 weeks after the 8 weeks of experimental diet all groups were fed the same normal diet and the differences of blood pressure caused by M. koji disappeared. In rats fed the M. koji added diet, the serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were not differed compared with control, but VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) was significantly lowered. M koji also significantly decreased serum risk factors, both TC/HDL-C ratio and non HDL-C/HDL-C ratio. Consequently, it is suggested that M. koji may play an important role to attenuate hypertension and to improve serum lipid Profiles.