• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information for the establishment of in vitro initial culture system in Fritillaria thuubergii Miq. Methods of surface sterilization of scale segments as explant and effect of antibiotics added into the culture medium on contamination of explant and chilling treatment of mother bulb on bulblet formation were investigated. Portent of contamination of cultured scale segments was significantly higher in the outer scale segments which were unsuitable as initial culture explant than inner scale segments. Contamination of explants taken from inner scale of bulb was reduced by surface sterilizing explants in the solution of $4{\sim}5%$ sodium hypoclorite for $10{\sim}15$ mimutes. Addition of antibiotics such as kanamycin, vancomycia cefotaxim, agrirnycin and agreptomycin and dithane as fungicide and$lncyte^{tm}$ into MS medium was effective to reduce bateriological contamination, but did not work to control fungi. It had effective to delay the degree of contamination caused by fungi and bacteria haboring in cultured explants. Bulblet formation from cultured scale segments was promoted by dry storage for $2{\sim}4$ weeks or moisture storage of mother bulbs for $4{\sim}6$ weeks at $10^{\circ}C$ before excision of explants. Addition of kinetin into medium could not exerted for the bulblet formation from the scale segment of dry storaged bulb compared to control. But explant taken from 6 week moisture storaged bulb formed more than 10 bulblets per explant on the medium containing $3{\sim}5mg/L$ kinetin.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

This study was carried out at the Chuncheon Substation, National Institute of Crop Science to determine the effect of cold water irrigation on the milling and polished quality of rice, as well as its physicochemical and amylogram characteristics, and palatability Chilling by Irrigation of cold water $(17^{\circ}C)$ induced delay of days to heading, reduction of culm length, inferiority of panicle exsertion and high sterility of panicle. Head rice ratio was decreased, while the percentage of chalky and creak rice increased with increasing sterility over from 20%. Protein content was gained 0.9-2.0% more than, while whiteness and palatability of the milled grain were reduced under cold water irrigation treatment. Significant decrease in maximum viscosity and breakdown viscosity of rice flour was investigated under cold water treatment by amylogram analysis, while the initial gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity were increased. Sensory panel test showed that the palatability of cooked rice was unfavorable and its stickiness was lower compared with that under normal condition. Differences in the aroma of cold-treated and untreated cooked rice were not performed significantly.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.199-209
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• 2017

This study detailed the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening and fruit quality in red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) stored at 0 or $10^{\circ}C$ for 20 days, and $20^{\circ}C$ for 13 days. The quality of the fruit was assessed by measuring ethylene production, respiration rate, weight loss, firmness, flesh color, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA), along with a sensory evaluation. Compared to untreated kiwifruit, fruit treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 24h at $20^{\circ}C$ prior to storage showed a delay in ripening and maintained fruit quality during storage. Ethylene production and respiration rate were affected by 1-MCP treatment only in fruit stored at $20^{\circ}C$, where the values were markedly higher compared to kiwifruit stored at 0 and $10^{\circ}C$. 1-MCP treatment resulted in a clear reduction in weight loss due to a delay in fruit ripening. The firmness of kiwifruit stored at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$ decreased significantly compared to fruit stored at $0^{\circ}C$, but 1-MCP treatment led to a reduction in this loss. Upon storage, SSC increased while TA decreased across all treatments. Sensory evaluation scores increased with decreasing firmness and acidity and increasing SSC. The shelf life of kiwifruit stored at $0^{\circ}C$ was extended without any chilling injury or color changes. In summary, the results show that 1-MCP treatment can potentially maintain quality and delay ripening of red-fleshed kiwifruit stored at all storage temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, $GA_3$ and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than $GA_3$ treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by $GA_3$ > low temperature > $KNO_3$ priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM $GA_3$ solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2017

Objective: This case series aims to report the efficacy and the safety of using snake venom pharmacopuncture (SVP) for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: Three heterogeneous cancer (1 endometrium, 1 cervix, and 1 prostate cancer) patients were referred to the East-West Cancer Center (EWCC), Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, from August 02, 2017, to September 15, 2017, for treatment with SVP, and they were treated with SVP 4 times, 6 times, and 8 times, respectively. During the treatment period, the efficacy of SVP therapy was assessed by using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), and the stability was evaluated by using blood tests. Following each session, all patients were examined closely for any allergenic responses or adverse effects. Results: All patients showed noticeable improvements of their NRS and CTCAE scores. Except for bleeding and bruising at the SVP injection site, no major side effects were noted. One of the patients reported mild chilling and a sore throat after receiving the second treatment; those symptoms went away after a few hours. No hematologic toxicity, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity was found on the blood test. Conclusion: The results of this research suggest positive potential benefits of using SVP for treating patients with CIPN. Also, the excellent safety results of SVP seen in this research should lead to larger clinical trials aimed at developing SVP into a potential intervention for managing patients with the symptoms of CIPN.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sequential applications of ${\varepsilon}$-polylysine (EPL) or lauramide arginine ethyl ester (LAE) sprays followed by an acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) spray on inoculated chicken carcasses to reduce Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovars including Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis) contamination during 6 days of storage ($4.4^{\circ}C$). Secondly, reductions of the resident microflora were studied on uninoculated chicken carcasses following the sequential application of the treatments, chilling and 10 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of Salmonella inoculated carcasses with 300 mg/L EPL followed by 30% ACS (EPL300-ACS30) sprays reduced Salmonella counts initially by 1.5 log cfu/mL and then by 1.2 log cfu/mL (p<0.05) following 6 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. Likewise, 200 mg/L LAE followed by 30% ACS (LAE200-ACS30) treatment reduced initial Salmonella counts on poultry carcasses by 1.8, 1.4 and 1.8 log cfu/mL (p<0.05), respectively, after 0, 3, and 6 days storage. Immediately after the treatments, EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 both reduced Escherichia coli counts significantly by 2.6 and 2.9 log cfu/mL, respectively. EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ASC30 were effective in lowering psychrotroph counts by 1 log cfu/mL on day 10 when compared to the control and distilled water treatments. This study demonstrated that EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 were effective in reducing Salmonella on inoculated chicken carcasses both after treatment and during the storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$ for up to 6 days. In addition, reductions in psychrotroph counts indicated that these treatments might have the potential to increase the shelf-life of poultry carcasses.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 1988

The electron transport activities of choloroplasts isolated from hte detached rise (Oryza sativa L. cv. Chucheong) leave stored under low temperature(4$^{\circ}C$) with light illumination were investigated to understand the role of light in the low temperature inhibition of photosynthesis in the chilling-sensitive plants. Chlorophyll content of the detached leaves upon incubation at 28$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$ in the dark was also measured. The rice seedlings were grown with Hoagland medium in the growth chamber of 28$^{\circ}C$ temperature and 400 ft.c fluorescent light with the photoperiod of 16 h. Although chlorophyll content of the detached leaves stored in the dark declined by 61.7% after 28$^{\circ}C$ treatement, there occurred only 5.2% decrease of chlorophyll with 4$^{\circ}C$ treatment. Low temperature treatment(4$^{\circ}C$) for 6 days brought about decreases in total photosystem(PS II＋PS I) activities by 35.2% and 73.6% in te presence and absence of light, respectively, while after 28$^{\circ}C$ treatment of the detached leaves for 6 days in the dark there was only 27.6% decrease in PS II＋PS I activity. PS II activities were also decreased by 35.6% and 72.2% in the light and dark, respectively. PS I activities were decreased slightly, however, by 7.6% and 16.2% in the light and dark, respectively. Investigations into DPClongrightarrowDCPIP and NH2OHlongrightarrowDCPIP activities revealed that low temperature inhibition of PS II activities was not due to the inactivation of the water oxidation capacity at low temperature. It was concluded that light protects the electron transport activities of isolated rice chloroplasts from the inhibitory effect of low temperature in the detached leaves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2008

The effects of salt and bicarbonate solution on overall meat quality in beef biceps femoris muscle were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing conditions. Muscles were injected to a target of 120% of original meat weight with a solution containing 1.2 M sodium chloride, 0.25 M sodium bicarbonate and 0.1% ascorbic acid (pH 7.2). Half of the meat samples, considered as chill treatment and chill control, were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ up to five days; while the other half, frozen treatment and frozen control, were kept in a freezer at $-20^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Compared with untreated control, treated meats had higher water holding capacity (p<0.05), lower drip loss (p<0.05) and lower shear force (p<0.07) with higher overall acceptability (p<0.05) in sensory evaluation. Morphological observations demonstrated smooth and gummy meat surface due to the solubilization of myofibrillar proteins and the distortion of connective tissue in treated raw meats; and in the case of cooked meat, treatment caused the fragmentation of myofibrils, which might be responsible for a lower shear value in salt-bicarbonate treated beef biceps femoris muscle.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare the storability of Salsola komarovi Iljin and Suaeda maritima L. Dum which stored at different storage temperatures in MA storage. These plants that had grown in greenhouse packed with $50\;{\mu}m$ ceramic film and then stored in $2^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The fresh weight loss both plants was less than 1% in all temperature treatments. The highest fresh weight loss showed at $25^{\circ}C$ among storage temperature treatments in Salsola komarovi Iljin between plants. The highest carbon dioxide contents in package showed at $25^{\circ}C$ among storage temperature treatments in Salsola komarovi Iljin between plants, and at $2^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ temperature treatments remained less than 1%. Oxygen contents in package both plants showed the highest level at $2^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment, but Salsola komarovi Iljin showed less oxygen contents than Suaeda maritima L. Dum. Although there was no significant difference ethylene contents in package between $2^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ temperature treatments, the higher showed in $10^{\circ}C$ than $2^{\circ}C$ temperature treatments. The ethylene contents in package both plants were roughly $20\;{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the higher was in Suaeda maritima L. Dum than Salsola komarovi Iljin at $2^{\circ}C$. As increasing the storage temperature, the contents of carbon dioxide and ethylene in package also increased in both plants. The carbon dioxide and ethylene contents of Salsola komarovi Iljin showed a significant difference between $2^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ temperature treatments, but Suaeda maritima L. Dum did not show. The shelf life of Salsola komarovi Iljin based on visual quality was 14 days at $2^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment and 7.5 days at $10^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment. However, the shelf life of Suaeda maritima L. Dum did not show a significant difference between $2^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment that was 11 days, and $10^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment that was 9.5 days. Considering visual quality and gas contents in package, Suaeda maritima L. Dum might appear chilling injury at $2^{\circ}C$ temperature treatment.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Background : Sulfasalazine for treating ulcerative colitis has a clinical limitation due to its adverse effects. This case is about a patient with ulcerative colitis who could not tolerate sulfasalazine and was improved by Do-che decoction-based Korean medicine. Method and Results : Purulent and bloody diarrhea more than 20 times a day, mild fever, chilling and tenesmus were main symptoms of this patient who was diagnosed as ulcerative colitis 10 years ago. Do-che decoction-based Korean medicine which was recommended for purulent and bloody diarrhea in Dong-Ui-Bo-Gam, the classic literature of Traditional Korean Medicine was given to the patient for more than 1 month. After treatment, the frequency of purulent and bloody diarrhea, tenesmus and fever was decreased remarkably, and C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and maximum temperature also dropped to the normal range. Conclusion : Do-che decoction-based Korean medicine has a potential effect and may be a alternative therapeutic option in patients with ulcerative colitis who cannot tolerate sulfasalazine due to its adverse effects.