• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2017

Objective: This case series aims to report the efficacy and the safety of using snake venom pharmacopuncture (SVP) for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: Three heterogeneous cancer (1 endometrium, 1 cervix, and 1 prostate cancer) patients were referred to the East-West Cancer Center (EWCC), Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, from August 02, 2017, to September 15, 2017, for treatment with SVP, and they were treated with SVP 4 times, 6 times, and 8 times, respectively. During the treatment period, the efficacy of SVP therapy was assessed by using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), and the stability was evaluated by using blood tests. Following each session, all patients were examined closely for any allergenic responses or adverse effects. Results: All patients showed noticeable improvements of their NRS and CTCAE scores. Except for bleeding and bruising at the SVP injection site, no major side effects were noted. One of the patients reported mild chilling and a sore throat after receiving the second treatment; those symptoms went away after a few hours. No hematologic toxicity, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity was found on the blood test. Conclusion: The results of this research suggest positive potential benefits of using SVP for treating patients with CIPN. Also, the excellent safety results of SVP seen in this research should lead to larger clinical trials aimed at developing SVP into a potential intervention for managing patients with the symptoms of CIPN.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the geospatial characteristics of blooming date migration in three major spring flowers across North and South Korea as influenced by climate change. A thermal time-based phenology model driven by daily maximum and minimum temperature was adjusted for the key parameters (i.e., reference temperature, chilling requirement, heating requirement) used for predicting blooming of forsythia, azaleas, and Japanese cherry. The model was run by the RCP 8.5 projected temperature outlook over the Korean Peninsula and produced the mean booming dates for the three climatological normal years in the future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100) at a 12.5 km grid spacing. Comparison against the observed blooming date patterns in the baseline climate (1971-2000) showed that there will be a substantial acceleration in blooming dates of the three species, resulting in cherry booming in February and flowers of azaleas and forsythia found at the top of mountain Baikdu by the 2071-2100 period. Flowering dates of the three species in the near future (2011-2040) may be accelerated by 3-5 days at minimum and 10-11 days at maximum compared with that in the baseline period (1971-2000). Those values corresponding to the middle future (2041-2070) can be from a minimum of 9-11 days to a maximum of 23-24 days. Blooming date of Japanese cherry can be accelerated by 26 days on average for the far future (2071-2100). The acceleration seems more prominent at islands and coastal plain areas than over inland mountainous areas.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

Current service system of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for blooming date forecasting in spring depends on regression equations derived from long term observations in both temperature and phenology at a given station. This regression based system does not allow a timely correction or update of forecasts that are highly sensitive to fluctuating weather conditions. Furthermore, the system cannot afford plant responses to climate extremes which were not observed before. Most of all, this method may not be applicable to locations other than that which the regression equations were derived from. This note suggests a way to replace the location restricted regression equations with a thermal time based phenology model to complement the KMA blooming forecast system. Necessary parameters such as reference temperature, chilling requirement and heating requirement were derived from phenology data for forsythia, azaleas and Japanese cherry at 29 KMA stations for the 1951-1980 period to optimize spring phenology prediction model for each species. Best fit models for each species were used to predict blooming dates and the results were compared with the observed dates to produce a correction grid across the whole nation. The models were driven by the KMA's daily temperature data at a 5km grid spacing and subsequently adjusted by the correction grid to produce the blooming date maps. Validation with the 1971-2012 period data showed the RMSE of 2-3 days for Japanese cherry, showing a feasibility of operational service; whereas higher RMSE values were observed with forsythia and azaleas.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

The pork loin used in this study was obtained from carcass chilled for 24 hours after slaughter and divided into 2 pare. The first part was air packaged and the other part was vacuum packaged, both of which were chilled at $4^{\circ}C$. After 2 days of slaughter, the qualities of air packaged loin chilled for 1 day showed lower drip lose, higher water holding capacity and better sensory texture than the vacuum packaged port (p<0.05). On the other hand, the air packaged loin chilled for 2 days showed lower drip loss and shear force value(SFV), higher Hunter's $a^*$ value, higher amount of taurine and alanine, and better taste, texture, juiciness and palatability than the vacuum packaged pork (p<0.05). However, the air packaged loin chilled for 3 days showed lower hip loss, chewiness SFV, higher amount of VBN $(12.37\;mg\%)$ and total plate count $(2.6\times10^4\;CFU/cm^2)$ than the vacuum packaged pork chilled for the same day (p<0.05). for the same chilling period, there was not significant difference between air and vacuum packaged pork in pH, TBA value, $L^*$ value, $b^*$ value, cooking loss, hardness, springness, cohesiveness, gumminess, total free amino acid contents and cooked meat aroma (p>0.05). Considering all these results, it is recommended that the way of air packaging for the pork with a short storing period should be reconsidered to cut down expenses.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2006

Remarkable winter season warming has been observed in East Asian countries during the last century. Accordingly, significant effects on dormancy and the resulting budburst of deciduous trees are expected. However phenological observations are rare and insufficient compared with the long-time climate records in the same region. A chill-day accumulation, which can be estimated from daily maximum and minimum temperature, is expected to make a reasonable proxy for dormancy depth of temperate zone fruit trees. To simulate dormancy depth during 1921-2004, a chill-day model parameterized for 'Campbell Early' grapevine, which is the major cultivar grown virtually anywhere in South Korea, was applied to daily temperature data at 8 locations in South Korea. The calculations showed that the chilling requirement for breaking endo-dormancy of this grapevine cultivar can be satisfied by mid-January to late February in South Korea, and the date was delayed going either northward or southward from the 'Daegu-Jeonju' line crossing the middle of South Korea in the east-west direction. Maximum length of the cold tolerant period (the number of days between endo-dormancy release and forced dormancy release) showed the same spatial pattern. When we divide the 83 years into 3 periods (I: 1921-1950, II: 1951-1980, and III: 1981-2004) and get the average of each period, dormancy release date of period III was accelerated by as much as 15 days compared with that of period I at all locations except Jeju (located in the southernmost island with subtropical climate) where an average15-day delay was predicted. The cold- tolerant period was also shortened at 6 out of 8 locations. As a result, budburst of 'Campbell Early' in spring was accelerated by 6 to 10 days at most locations, while inter-annual variation in budburst dates was increased at all locations. The earlier budburst after the 1970s was due to (1) warming in winter resulting in earlier dormancy release (Incheon, Mokpo, Gangneung, and Jeonju), (2) warming in early spring accelerating regrowth after breaking dormancy (Busan and Jeju), and (3) both of them (Seoul and Daegu).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.278-293
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled Broiled Spanish Mackerel in school foodservice operations and to establish reasonable shelf-life limits by assessing food quality during chilled storage period of 5 days. HACCP for the production of menu items was identified in simulation study. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis was done. Also chemical analyses and sensory evaluation were conducted for 5 days of chilled storage. The results of time-temperature measurement of Broiled Spanish Mackerel by each production phase showed satisfactory condition that met the standards. Broiled Spanish Mackerel showed excellent microbiological quality from raw ingredient phase ($TPC:2.58{\pm}0.12\;Log\;CFU/g$) to holding phase ($TPC:2.70{\pm}0.42\;Log\;CFU/g$). Coliform (0.84 Log MPN/g) and fecal coliform (0.84 Log MPN/g) were detected from marinating phase ($TPC:3.82{\pm}0.52\;Log\;CFU/g$). After heating, only few mesophiles were detected ($TPC:1.83{\pm}0.49\;Log\;CFU/g$). No psychrophiles, coliforms and fecal coliforms were detected. In the phases after rapid chilling, during chilled storage and after reheating and distribution, almost none of the above microbes were detected. Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in all production phases. The pH immediately after cooking was 6.65 and then increased significantly to 6.81 on the third day of chilled storage (p<0.001). Acid value did not show significant changes while total volatile based nitrogen (TVBN) dramatitically increased during storage periods (p<0.01). In the result of sensory evaluation, general acceptability points had been rated high in the first day of storage, and then, the points were decreased significantly on the third day (p<0.05). General acceptability points ranged from 8.86 to 10.68. Accordingly, Broiled Spanish Mackerel is highly recommendable cook/chill system. Considering the DHSS standards for storage, the ideal shelf-life recommended for Broiled Spanish Mackerel is within 4 days excluding cooking day. For Broiled Spanish Mackerel, critical control points were purchasing and receiving of frozen Spanish Mackerel, heating, chilling, chilled storage, reheating and distribution.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 1999

Quality changes of fruit vegetables were investigated during simulated export and marketing to find out the optimum shipping temperature. Fruit vegetables were loaded into a small refrigerated-container and kept for four days at various temperatures, and fruit quality was assayed immediately after harvest, 4 days after storage and 4 days after marketing at ambient temperature. In 'Back Seong Ilho' cucumber fruits, fresh weight loss was further reduced at $13^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. Soluble solid contents remained at relatively lower levels when cucumbers were stored at $13^{\circ}C$ and $11^{\circ}C$. In 'Chun Ryang' eggplant fruits, fresh weight loss was greatly increased at all the temperatures (room, $12^{\circ}C,\;9^{\circ}C,\;and\;6^{\circ}C$). However, flesh browning, a primary quality factor of eggplant fruit, was most effectively inhibited at $9^{\circ}C$, whereas chilling injury occurred in fruit flesh at $6^{\circ}C$. Water loss of 'Eals Seinu' melon fruits was most inhibited and soluble solid contents at harvest were maintained for the longest period at $4^{\circ}C$. In 'Pe Pe' cherry tomatoes, storage at $10^{\circ}C$ and $7^{\circ}C$ seemed to more effectively inhibit metabolic changes and the incidence of cracking, the severest disorder than room temperature. But the fruits stored at $10^{\circ}C$ contained higher level of soluble solids than those at $7^{\circ}C$. The overall results suggest that the optimum shipping temperature range is 11 to $13^{\circ}C$ for cucumbers, around $9^{\circ}C$ for eggplant fruit, $4^{\circ}C$ for melons, and $10^{\circ}C$ for cherry tomatoes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the cumulative effect of low temperature on bud dormancy release and bud break characteristics in 'Campbell Early' grapevine (Vitis labruscana B.) cuttings grown in water culture. Additionally, we observed the development of buds while exposed to low temperatures in an attempt to improve our understanding of dormancy and bud break. The shoots were collected 120 days after full bloom (DAFB; leaf abscission period), and the accumulated chill unit (CU) value was calculated by reducing the temperature to $7.2^{\circ}C$ at 125 DAFB. The rate of bud break was 100% in shoots collected at 150 DAFB, The period until the first bud break was two times longer than in the shoots collected 165 DAFB, and bud break speed was significantly reduced. These results indicate that buds are released from endodormancy after 165 DAFB, because at this point the bud break was complete (bud break rate 100%) and it occurred in a very short time period. During this period, when the low-temperature accumulated value was 321h and 442CU according to the CH and Utah models, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate of main buds decreased rapidly after 165 DAFB, and survival rate of accessory buds was maintained at more than 90% without seasonal differences. The rate of flower bud formation of main buds was much higher than in accessory buds (1:0.23) before the release from endodormancy at 150 DAFB. The final ratio of accessory buds to main buds was high, 1:1.54, at 255 DAFB. Correlation analysis of each investigated factor revealed that bud survival rate and bud formation rate were related only for the main buds, and there was a close relationship between the survival rate of main bud and time. In addition, the survival rate of main buds was positively correlated to the rate of flower bud formation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.426-435
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• 2020

To determine the damages to waxy corn caused by low temperature weather, we investigated the relationship between the temperature and duration of low temperature treatment and the changes in growth characteristics during the recovery period after the treatments in different growth periods. Growth inhibition started in the low temperature group treated at temperatures below 5℃ for three days. The inhibition ratio (IR) was more than 22% or more in all sample groups. As the treatment duration increased and the Temperature decreased, the growth was more greatly inhibited than that in the control. The IR was the highest at 27% or more in the 2nd leaf stage group treated at below 5℃ for 5 days. The IR was in the order of 2nd leaf stage > 1st leaf stage > coleoptile. The IR during recovery was the highest in the 2nd leaf stage group treated at -3℃ degree for 7 days, nd the values were 82% and 98% for NDVI and Fv/Fm, respectively. Especially, all groups treated at -3℃ showed either no changes or decreases in the growth characteristics. As a result, growth inhibition increased as the temperature decreased, and as the duration of the low temperature increased. The degree of damage was in the order of 2nd leaf stage > 1st leaf stage > coleoptile. All early seedlings stopped growing and withered when exposed to temperatures at or below -3℃ for 3 days or more.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of ageing time on the meat quality and sensory characteristics of longissimus muscle in Jeju horses. Twenty four horses were slaughtered after 16hr fasting. Longissimus muscle was separated from the left half of the carcass after 24hr chilling. The muscle was sliced into 3cm-thick steaks for analysis. Steaks were vacuum packaged and aged at around 4℃ for 1, 3, 7, 12, 18 and 25 days respectively. Longissimus muscle pH was not influenced by ageing (P>0.05). But shear force values of the muscle decreased during ageing time (P<0.05). Water holding capacity, color characteristics, cooking loss and purge loss considerably increased as the ageing time increased (P<0.05). Also ageing had a very important effect on flavor, juiciness, tenderness and palatability characteristics (P<0.05) evaluated by the panel. Flavor and palatability were the most acceptable when the ageing time was 7 days, whereas, juiciness was 12 days. These results suggest that ageing improves the quality of horsemeat by increasing the meat tenderness, water holding capacity and sensory characteristics. Therefore Jeju horse meat need 7-12 days ageing period to obtain an optimum acceptance.