• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of the screen media time of young children on the relationship between mothers' reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and their children's ability to regulate screen media. The participants consisted of 614 children aged 5-6 (312 boys and 302 girls), and all the survey questions were answered by their mothers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were employed to analyze the data using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.6. The results were as follows. First, mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing young children to use screen media and children's screen media time directly affected young children's ability to regulate screen media. Second, children's screen media time mediated the relationship between mothers' educational and ritualized reasons for allowing their children to use screen media and children's ability to regulate screen media. When mothers permitted their children to use screen media for educational purposes, their children were likely to spend less time on screen media usage which, in turn, increased their ability to regulate screen media. Conversely, the more mothers allowed their children to use screen media for ceremonial purposes, the more time their children spent on screen media and the less ability they had to regulate screen media usage. These outcomes suggest that, to improve children's screen media regulation ability, mothers must not routinely allow their children to use screen media and should manage their children's screen media time.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.741-753
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elementary children's time-use and self-regulated learning ability was different according to gender and whether children's gender and time-use effects self-regulated learning ability. Participants were 2,122 children who participated in KCYPS longitudinal study from their first grade to third grade. Time-use was reported by children's parents. Children's self-regulated learning is invented by Yang(2000). Components of self-regulated learning scale was achievement value, mastery goal orientation, action control, academic time management. The major findings were as follows. First, children's self-regulated learning was different according to chidren's gender. Girls' achievement value, mastery goal orientation, academic time management scores were higher than the boys'. Second, children's daily time was different according to their gender. Third, children's daily time-use affected their self-regulated leaning, however children's gender didn't.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of parental media use, parents' educational needs regarding media use, and parents' media guidance for children on the children's media use. Methods: The participants were 161 parents of elementary school children in the 1st and 4th grades. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 IBM program. Results: The average times for watching television and using the internet in the children were 11.44 hours and 5.89 hours per week, respectively. Children's time watching television was influenced by parents' time watching television, children's gender (girl), and parents' educational needs. Children's television dependency was influenced by parents' educational needs, parents' time watching television, and parents' age (under 36 years). Time using the internet and internet dependency in the children were influenced by parents' educational needs, family monthly income (under 3 million won), and parents' guidance for children on watching television. Conclusion: The findings indicate that elementary school children's media use is influenced by parental media use, parents' educational needs, and parents' media guidance for children. Therefore parental factors should be considered in developing approaches to provide education programs to prevent media overuse in children.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence sleep duration and sleep time poverty in terms of family characteristics, child characteristics, and time use. A series of data analyses were conducted on children's time use in two-parent families based on the 2013 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. One major finding is that children's sleep duration and the probability of having a sleep time poverty are related to their mothers' job classifications. The factors influencing the duration of sleep time and the sleep time poverty are similar in terms of family characteristics and children's time use. The mother's job classification, family income, number of younger siblings, number of older siblings, children's private tutoring hours, computer game hours, and TV hours are statistically significant factors affecting the duration of sleep time and the probability of having a sleep time poverty. However, the factor with greatest influence on sleep time duration is private tutoring hours and the factor most affecting sleep time poverty is computer game hours. The mother's job classification is a relatively powerful determinant for predicting her children's sleep duration and sleep time poverty.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2010

This study explored time-use patterns of young children and compared the patterns according to mother's employment status. Using 6718 time diaries of 3359 children under age 5, as reported by their mothers, this study examined (1) the proportion of children who spent time on certain activities and the amount of time they spent on each activity for a weekday and a weekend day and (2) the proportion and the amount of time that children spent with certain adults. Compared to children with unemployed mothers, children with employed mothers spent more time during weekdays in child care centers and less time sleeping. These children also spent more time on education during weekends. The proportionate and actual times children spent with various adults also differed by the mother's employment status. Those with employed mothers spent less time with their mothers and more time with other relatives or teachers on weekdays. These results indicate that maternal employment corresponds with differing timeuse patterns from children's early life stages.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.861-874
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• 2004

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal rearing behavior characteristics and elementary school children's Internet use, and to utilize the results as the basic data to develop a program, in which parents learn how to educate their children for better use of the Internet. The subjects were 713 children whose grade are in fourth through sixth in an elementary school. Data were obtained with questionnaires. The instruments employed were Children's Internet Use and Addiction, and maternal rearing behavior characteristics-Rational Guidance, Affection, Authoritarian Control, Overprotection, Achievement Encouragement, and Active Involvement-Scales. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. They were analyzed by Frequency, Percentage, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study are as follows: First, 30.2% of the subjects has used Internet for more than three years. 55.6% of the subjects spend less than an hour per day in using the Internet. The two major types of Internet use were playing games(49.9%) and sending e-mails(25.4%). The main reason for playing Internet games was escape from stress(34.7%). 34.5% of the subjects also said that their parents usually encourage them to use the Internet. Second, maternal affection, authoritarian control, and active involvement were significantly different in the types of Internet use. Maternal authoritarian control and overprotection were significantly different in the reasons of doing Internet game. The rational guidance and active involvement of mothers were correlated negatively with children's Internet using time, but their authoritarian control and overprotection were correlated positively with children's Internet using time. Maternal overprotection was correlated positively with parents' encouragement level in the Internet use. Third, the rational guidance, affection, and active involvement of mothers were correlated negatively with children's Internet addiction. In the other hand, maternal authoritarian control and overprotection were correlated positively with children's Internet addiction. Lastly, children's Internet addiction was significantly different by the types of Internet Use and the reasons for doing internet game. Children's Internet using time was correlated positively with children's Internet addiction.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.139-156
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to compare the patterns of time use between Korean and USA families. The data for 353 Seoul-based Korean families with two children living in Seoul and 130 USA families with two children living in the State of Utah were collected using a structured questionnaire and time diary. The major findings were as the following: 1. The Korean couples spent more time at personal care, paid work, and travel than the USA couples did, while the USA couples spent more time at housework and social-cultural activities than the Korean couples did. 2. The Korean wives spent more time doing food and clothing related housework than the USA wives did. Compared with the Korean wives, however, the time spent at house cleaning and management, family care and shopping and home management were longer than USA wives. The time U.S. husbands engaged in housework was much greater than by the Korean husbands. 3. Regardless of sex and school level, the Korean children spent less time at sleeping/rest, housework and socio-cultural activities and more time at eating and learning than those of U.S. These time use patterns of the families in both countries may reflect the differences of the cultural contexts, social norms, life styles, and the degrees of urbanization. To fully explain the findings, further study on the differences in social and cultural factors between the two countries is needed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2023

Objectives: Screen time refers to the time spent using screen media, such as televisions, smartphones, computers, or tablets. Excessive exposure to screen media has been reported to negatively impact young children's health and development, including overweight, short sleep duration, and language delays. This study examined the association of screen time and mealtime media use with dietary behaviors among preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on parents of children aged three to five years using the online questionnaires of the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P) and the Dietary Screening Test (DST). Data from 261 children's parents were analyzed. Results: Of the 261 children, 96.9% used screen media, 55.6% used screen media for two hours or more daily, and 30.7% were exposed to screen media during meals. The NQ-P scores were significantly lower in the children with longer screen time and mealtime media use. Children who used screen media for two hours or more and those exposed to screen media during meals consumed kimchi less frequently and confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently than children who used less than two hours and were not exposed to screen media during meals. In addition, they were more likely to be picky about food, refuse to eat, and less likely to feed themselves than children with shorter screen time and no mealtime media use. Conclusions: This study reported an association between unhealthy dietary behaviors, feeding difficulties, and screen time and mealtime media use among preschool children. Further research should explore effective strategies for reducing children's screen time.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2019

As the tendency of children's overdependence on smart phones increased, it was obligatory to carry out preventive education more than once a year in kindergarten and day care center, but there is no specific guidance on contents and method of preventive education. This is due to the lack of prior studies on the actual use of smartphones and the influence variables of infants and young children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of use time, frequency of use, and sociological background variables on the actual situation of smartphone usage and overdependency on smartphone among 3-5 year old children nationwide. For the analysis, the frequency of the use of smartphone for 3-5 year old children was analyzed by frequency analysis, and the influence variables were correlated and multiple regression analysis. Research shows that smartphone overdependence of 3-5 year old children have an influence on the use time and frequency of use. The results should include content that restricts the use time and frequency of use of smartphones and prevention education programs for 3-5 year olds and young children. Suggesting a need for a transition to the educational method used.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by mother's parenting style which may influence the NQ in preschool children. Methods: Subjects were 310 mothers and their 4-6 year old children. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, mother's parenting style at meal time and eating behavior as measured by NQ questions. The NQ questions consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Mother's parenting style was classified by using words for nutrition education at meal time. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student's t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, One-way ANOVA. Results: We observed that in children whose mothers use the parenting style at meal time of 'explanation' and 'compliment & cheer up' had high dietary regularity, diversity, practice. The children of mothers who use the parenting style at meal time of 'persuasion' and 'reward' were found to have a lower degree of balance, diversity, and practice. Especially, children of 'reward' style mothers had lower moderation of dietary life. On the other hand, among the parenting style at meal time of 'comparison & demand', 'treating' and 'faire', there was no significant difference in the NQ factor by each group. NQ grade was higher among those who used more explanation (p < 0.001) and persuasion (p < 0.01) and with use of less persuasion (p < 0.01) and reward (p < 0.01). The positive association observed between the frequency of dietary education of mothers and higher NQ grade indicated the degree of dietary practices of those children. On the other hand, the children of mothers who rarely practice the dietary education at home had lower NQ grade (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In order to promote children's proper dietary behaviors, it is important to provide nutrition education to children as well as provide guidance on parenting style at meal time.