• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics and oral health status on unmet dental needs among preschool children and to provide a basis for improvement of the dental care equality and accessibility using data from the $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods: This study was performed using data collected from the $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Survey. The subjects were 1,472 out of 22,940 people, who participated in the survey and under went oral examination. IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 20.0) was used for statistical analyses based on the complex sampling design. Frequency analysis was performed to determine the distribution of unmet dental needs according to the characteristics of the subjects. The Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$ test was performed to examine the relationship of unmet dental needs with general characteristics and health- and oral health-related variables. Relevant factors were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The factors that had statistically significant relations with unmet dental needs included age, medical insurance, household income, limited physical activity, history of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and subjective health status. Logistic regression analysis of complex samples was conducted to determine factors related to unmet dental needs. The results of analysis showed that limited physical activity and history of dental caries in deciduous teeth were related to unmet dental needs. Conclusions: The results show the factors affecting, and the reasons for, the unmet dental needs of preschool children. Future studies are needed to develop national projects and oral health education reforms to address inequalities in preschool children's dental care.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2023

The 4th industrial revolution came deep into family life and changed the way of housework and care. The change in the family caused by the technological change of the 4th industrial revolution is remarkable in terms of socialization of housework. In this study, the socialization of housework, which is accelerating in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, was examined focusing on the change in the aspect of "household service" through the "platform". Since 2015, when technological changes in the 4th industrial revolution began to decline, related newspaper articles were extracted for daily and economic newspapers nationwide and analyzed big data. The results of big data analysis show that the platform economy using the 4th industrial revolution technology is rapidly spreading the socialization of housework not only at the business level but also at the public policy level. It has been confirmed that support for household services through the platform is growing into a new business area of companies, and at the public policy level, it is being treated as an important policy task in supporting work-family balance or responding to infectious diseases. This study is meaningful in that it provided an opportunity to reflect on the roles and tasks of the family, market, and state for housework and care in the future through changes in housework and care caused by the 4th industrial revolution technology.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 1981

The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1％ indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0％ of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1％ of nursing student and 74.7％ of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6％ satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9％ were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l％ were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried； 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p ＜ 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96％ of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyse early childhood teachers' perspectives and actual conditions of earthquakes and tsunami safety education. Methods : A total of 119 teachers were recruited from kindergarten and child-care center located in J city, all of whom gave consent to take part in these research. The data have been collected for 45 days from May to July in 2011. The data was analyzed by SPSS (version 17.0) and chi-square test. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follow. 1. 97.5% of the subjects considered earthquakes and tsunami safety education necessary, however, only 34.6% of them were given the education related to earthquakes and tsunami. 2. 63.9% of the early childhood teachers provided children in the kindergarten or childhood center with earthquakes and tsunami safety education, however, 30.3% of them were found to be without any experiences of earthquakes and tsunami safety education. 3. 68.5% of the teachers were informed earthquakes and tsunami safety knowledge. 4. 35.0% of respondents answered that the single session of earthquake and tsunami education was not efficient, thus expecting to receive continuing education. Conclusions : The study suggested that more teachers necessarily provide earthquake and tsunami safety education to reduce children's mortality rate in earthquakes and tsunami. The education program should be developed and systematized to improve teacher's knowledge. Moreover, the program should be continuously provided to teachers and children in the kindergarten or childhood center.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.81-92
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to survey baby-sitters who have experienced safety accidents of children ; the causes of safety accidents, wounded parts of the body caused by safety accidents and how to handle emergency situation. The research participants consisted of 31 baby-sitters who have experienced safety accidents of children and have been participating in Baby-Sitter Programs at S university, in Suwon Kyunggi Province. The data were collected from June 13th to July 4th, 2007 using open questionnaires on semi-structure. The data were analyzed using a SPSS PC+ statistical program. The results of this study were as follows ; First, according to the general demographics, it has indicated that 32.2% of baby-sitters who participated in this research are mostly the age group of between 41 and 50years old. And 48.3% of baby-sitters are graduated from high school. In addition, 83.9% of baby-sitters go married and 41.9% of them have only one child. Second, in terms of experiences about baby-sitting, 51.6% of baby-sitters mostly do their jobs in the afternoon. They usually cared 1 or 2years old babies in the afternoon time. 48.3% of baby-sitters experienced baby-sitting for less than 6months. And the financial support was the main reason why they decided to do baby-sitting jobs. Third, the causes of safety accidents while caring children, included 'falling down(22.6%)', 'baby-walker(19.4%)'. Also, it was found that 61.3% of children who had accidents were male. When safety accidents occurred, the baby-sitters had been doing 'feeding milk(29.1%)', 'going out(16.1%)' and 'self-care(16.1%)'. Also, it has shown that the accidents mostly occurred in the afternoon(64.5%). Fourth, the parts of the injuries in safety accidents, predominantly involved the parts of arms(38.7%), legs(25.8%) and head and neck(12.8%). In conclusion, this research was intended to provide the basic data in safety accidents of children who were cared by baby-sitters. In the further research, it is suggested that studying for safety accidents of children and safety education programs for baby-sitters should be necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.384-394
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine how COVID-19 affected life and health of welfare recipients by comparing groups associated with sex, living with children, and household type and suggest directions for welfare policy and services. Researchers collected a random sample of 500 recipients from 𐩒𐩒gu, Seoul who are registered in Haengbok E-eum, the social security information system and conducted a survey on overall life domains and physical and mental health. For data analysis, t-test, Anova and chi-square test were used. The results showed that factors of sex, living with children, and household type made significant differences in difficulties of employment status, child care, leisure and cultural activities and overall social activities. In terms of health status, mental health status and life satisfaction have been decreased after COVID-19. There were statistical differences in COVID blue and thinking about death among different groups. Based on these findings, this study suggested directions for welfare services for the future New Normal society.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.319-334
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the caregiver's educational needs for health care of children with intellectual disability in Mongolia. Data were collected from 150 family caregivers of children with disability in Mongolia between September 30 and October 31, 2017. The questionnaire included a scale for health care education needs in the form of 10 categories, 35 items, 5-point Likert's type. The mean score of educational needs of the primary caregiver were $4.05{\pm}0.65$. The category of information and knowledge acquisition showed the highest score ($4.48{\pm}0.57$). There were statistically significant differences in educational needs of the caregiver according to monthly income (F=7.07, p<.001), presence of a secondary caregiver (t=-2.70, p=.008), other disabled children status (t=2.02, p=.046), occupation status of disabled child's mother (F=3.87, p=.023), and multiple handicaps of caring child (t=-2.60, p=.010). The findings on caregiver's educational needs in this study can help inform planning of caregiving support services for children with intellectual disability in Mongolia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.676-685
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• 2020

This study attempted to examine the subjectivity of early postpartum mothers' perceptions of comprehensive nursing care services targeting at early postpartum mothers hospitalized at general wards, and applied Q methodology to find types of subjectivity and characteristics of the types. P-sample 21 subjects were asked to read Q sample 25 statements about comprehensive nursing care services and indicate their level of agreement to those statements on a 9-point scale. The data were collected during the period from March 16 to March 31, 2020, and the collected data were analyzed using PC-QUANL program. The results of the study showed differences in the respondents' perceptions, which led to the classification into three types. "Type 1" is "those calling for continuous emotional management for early postpartum mothers." "Type 2" is "those seeing the role of a family in the recovery period as important." The respondents of this type considered a bond of sympathy should be formed in the family in relation to the new tasks of the mother's recovery and the child's birth. "Type 3" is "those calling for differentiated operation guidelines according to the motivation for hospitalization." The respondents of this type recognized that the operation guidelines limiting the residing of guardians need to be improved for early postpartum mothers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.251-277
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• 2015

This qualitative study is designed for the reconstruction of the experience of single mothers in poverty based on the bottom-up approach. Welfare dependency is identified as vital help to protect their own and children's lives, through their stories telling that welfare services provided by government and community take care of them "in place of their husbands", and "raise them up by hand." What is self-sufficiency to them is more of a process-orientation through welfare dependency than a state out of it, and a way to look through building their self-esteem and working to discover their self-worth except their economic power. Restoring their potential to self-sufficiency through dealing with their psycho-social stresses and expanding services for them related to child-care(education) and occupation ability development for long-term self-sufficiency, rather than hasty focusing on welfare exit, should be built on the foundation of helping them self-sufficient. In order for the self-sufficiency program to overcome the participant's images of "subordination and stigma" and to convey the original meaning of "welfare to work", the performance and evaluation system of self-sufficiency programs that reflects the insider's perspectives on their participation motive and process, and the self-sufficiency program customized for their needs and interests should be encouraged to develop.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.164-172
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• 2016

Objectives: This study attempted to evaluate the usefulness and direction of development of post-traumatic assessment and interventions based on the opinions of psychiatrics and disaster and trauma-related experts using the Delphi survey technique. Methods: In-depth individual interviews served as the pre-survey and were followed by Delphi primary and secondary surveys. Specialists in child and adolescent mental health, psychological support professionals specialized in disasters and related practitioners with experience of disasters in Korea completed a set of questionnaires and participated in focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews on post-traumatic assessment and intervention. Results: We found that the following issues have a significant impact on the interventions after disasters: the proper time of the initial interview in the event of a disaster, assessment notices, aged assessment services, mandatory enforcement measures, scale screening and treatment intervention elements, symptoms degree classification, intervention standardization, the use of a levelled program, care unit environment, and operation plan. Conclusion: This study proposed effective mental health intervention measures and has implications for the development of evaluation treatment protocols after disasters.