• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1160-1168
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to compare morphological defects, viability, motility (MOT), fertility (F), and hatchability (H) in four Korean native chicken breeds (KNCBs), and to evaluate whether defective segments of spermatozoa are associated with MOT, F, and H. Methods: Four KNCBs, including Korean Ogye (KO), Hwangbong (HB), Hyunin Black (HH), and Hoengseong Yakdak (HY) were used. White Leghorn (WL) was used as a control. Nine cocks from each breed were randomly assigned into three groups. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Eosin-nigrosin staining method was used to identify live-dead spermatozoa. Different segments and specific morphological defects of spermatozoa were identified using 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylidole and MitoTracker Red CMXRos. F and H rates were evaluated following artificial insemination (AI). Results: KO had the highest MOT rate compared to HY. Viable normal sperm rates of KO and HH were high and comparable with WL. HY spermatozoa had the highest viable abnormal sperm (VAS) or morphological defect rate followed by HB. Likewise, HB spermatozoa had the highest dead sperm (dead) rate compared to KO, HY, and WL. Bent, coiled, detached, broken, and knotted were common identified specific morphological defects for all breeds. Most morphological defects were at the head and tail in all breeds. VAS showed strong negative correlation with MOT (r = -0.697) and F (r = -0.609). Similarly, defective tail was negatively correlated with MOT (r = -0.587), F (r = -0.797), and H (r = -0.448). The F and H rates of KO and WL were comparable. Conclusion: These data indicate that most identified specific morphological defects are at the head and tail. VAS and defective tail were associated with poor motility, F, and H. KNCBs showed more morphological defects than WL. Finally, these results will facilitate successful AI and semen cryopreservation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

닭에서 2배수성 배우자(gametes)의 생성을 통해서 4배수성 태아 생산을 위한 본 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 2배수성 정자생산 TEM(Tri -ethyleneme-lamine) 0.37mg을 연속 3일 주사한 후 9일째(최초 TEM처리 후 12일째)에 11%로 가장 높았다. 2. 2배수성 배우자를 유도한 후 수정을 통하여 109개의 수정난 중 4배수성 태아를 3개(2.8%) 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 4배수성 개체의 유전구조는 정상구조에서 변화가 없이 동일한 염색체가 4장으로 구성된 형태였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1988

백색 Leghorn 암탉의 난자생성과정 중 감수분열을 억제하여 2배수성 난자(2n)의 생산에 근거한 다배교성 가축생산과 능력개양의 기초연구인 본 실험에서 감수분열시기는 배난 전 2~4시간이고 이때에 체중 kg당 0.3mg의 TEM(Tri ethylene melamin)을 복강에 주입하여 수정율 38%의 계란을 얻었고 이들 중 66%가 TEM의 영향으로 2n 의 난자가 생성되어 정상정자와의 결합으로 3배수성(3n)의 배아로 나타났다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1530-1535
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• 2023

Objective: Semen cryopreservation result in decreased sperm parameters and fertilization ability. Sericin exhibits antioxidant activity by reducing lipid peroxidation resulting from free radicals, which can potentially improve cryopreservation outcomes. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of various sericin concentrations supplemented with a rooster semen-freezing extender on post-thaw semen quality and fertilizing ability of sperm after cryopreservation. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 40 roosters (5 reps), then were pooled, and divided into four groups by the levels of sericin supplementation (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) in a freezing extender. Semen suspensions were loaded in medium straw (0.5 mL) and cryopreserved with the traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method. Post-thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility, sperm viability, and lipid peroxidation. Also, the fertility test was determined. Results: The results showed that supplementation of the freezing extender with 0.50% to 0.75% sericin resulted in greater total motility and progressive motility and lower malondialdehyde levels than the other groups after cryopreservation (p<0.05). However, the viability of 0.75% decreased compared with the value of 0.50% sericin supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, the fertility and hatchability of total eggs were significantly higher in the 0.50% sericin group than in the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, 0.50% sericin is recommended as an alternative component of the freezing extender to improve cryopreserved rooster semen.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Transgenic chickens have been spotlighted as an highly potent bioreactor for their fecundity, short generation time, and eggs associated with mass production of protein. In this study, we generated transgenic chickens exhibiting oviduct specific expression of human growth hormone fused to human transferrin for oral administration. Gene of the modified growth hormone located at downstream ovalbumin promoter (~3.6 kb) was introduced to stage X blastodermal cell employing retrovirus vector system. Several transgenic chickens were successfully generated. However, genomic analyses showed unexpected deletion within the transgene. The modification of the transgene seemed to occur during germ cell formation because the deletion was detected only from the sperm DNA of the G0 founder animal. There was no evidence of deletion in the somatic cell DNA samples of the same chicken. Consequently, same pattern of the deletion was confirmed in both somatic and germ cells of the G1 progeny.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-51
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to observe the effects of $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-irradiation$ on the cell of spermatogenic epithelium in the testis of the chicken. 16-week-old chicken were provided as an experimental group and compared with control group. The experimental group was divided into a single irradiation (800, 1000, 1200 rads) and into three partial irradiation group (800/3, 1000/3, 1200/3 rads). The morphological changes of epithelial cell of the testis were observed by means of hematoxyline and eosin stain. Microstructure of spermatocyte and sperm was observed by means of semithin section of electron microscopic specimen. The results obstained are summerized as follows. 1. Spermatogonia and sertoli cells were found to be isolated from the basal membrane of seminiferous tubules as dose of $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-irradiation$ was increased. 2. Spermatocytes of pachytene stage were seperated from the cytotplasmic process of sertoil cell in case of 1000 rads of $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-irradiation$. 3. Normal arrangement of the cell of spermatogenic epithelium was found in control group and only the partial irradiation group of 800 rads. Vaculation in the seminiferous was pronounced in case of a single irradiation group of 800 rads, but the irradiation group of 1000 rads and 1200 rads were found to be damaged severely in both a single and a partial dose.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.116-117
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• 2002

보존온도별(5, 25, 35$^{\circ}C$)로 정액과 희석액의 비율(1：1, 1：2, 1：3)을 달리하여 보존시간(1, 3, 6시간)에 따른 정자운동성을 조사한바, 5$^{\circ}C$ 냉장 온도에서는 희석배율에 따른 보존시간별 정자운동성은 차이가 없었으나, $25^{\circ}C$ 상온에서 6시간, 35$^{\circ}C$ 고온에서 3시간 이상 보존할 때 정액과 희석액의 비율이 1：1보다는 1：2 비율에서 정자운동성이 현저히 높게 유지되었다(P<0.05). 온도가 높을수록 1：1 배율보다는 1：2 이상 희석배율을 높여 주었을 때 정자의 운동성을 높게 유지시킬 수 있었다. Skim milk glucose액을 사용하여 닭 정액을 희석한 후 인공수정 하였을 때, 1회 주입정자수를 0.2, 0.4, 1 및 2억으로 하였을 때 각각 90.67, 94.00, 96.00 및 98.67%의 수정율을 나타냈다. 90%이상의 수정율을 얻기 위해서는 0.2억 이상의 정자 주입이 필요하며, 94%이상 안정적인 수정율을 얻기 위해서는 0.4억의 정자가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 1995

Semen was collected from Taiwan commercial local chickens, the diluted sperm suspension were placed in the Gene Pulser cuvette for electroporation. The motility, mortality and abnormality of spermatozoa were evaluated. The fertility and hatchability were also investigated. The results showed that smaller motility and greater mortality or abnormality than the control were found when the capacitances were increased either for spermatozoa treated with small capacitances(0.25, 1, 3 and $25{\mu}$ FD) or treated with high capacitances (125, 250, 500 and $960{\mu}$ FD). In general, greater field strengths also resulted in smaller motility and greater mortality or abnormality of spermatozoa. Although the electroporation decrease the fertility there were no effect on the hatchability.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-56
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• 2003

Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element in the human body. Main function of this element is a catalytic part of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells against the attacks of free radicals that are produced during normal metabolism of the body. Se is also essential for normal function of the immune system and thyroid gland. It also appears to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) progression to AIDS. It is also required for sperm motility and reduces the depression. Therefore, it is very meaningful that livestock producers generate Se-fortified animal products, such as Se-egg, Se-milk, Se-pork, Se-chicken and Se-beef from the point of producers as well as human heath. However, regulation on Se usage and Se-fortified food/feed is far from being clear in Korea even though Se should be carefully monitored because of its toxicity. Thus, one has to be aware of Se properties when designing Se-fortified animal products.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-71
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• 1983

1. Diluted chicken semen can be preserved at 2 to 5$^{\circ}C$ for 24 to 48 hr with resultant fertility of greater than 90% of that of fresh semen. Turkey semen can be preserved at 10 to 15$^{\circ}C$ for 6 to 24 hr and provide economical fertility. 2. Frozen chicken semen has given variable results; a 21 to 93% fertility ranges as compared to 92 to 94% expected with fresh semen. Highest fertility levels obtained with frozen turkey semen intravaginally inseminated have been 61 and 63% using DMSO and glycerol, respectively, as cryoprotectants. 3. The use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant reauires that its concentration in semen be reduced to less than 2% either by dialysis or centrifugation after thawing and before intravaginal insemination if optimal fertility is to be obtained. 4. The temperature at which cryoprotectants are added to semen and the time allowed for equilibration are important for subsequent fertility pre- and post-freezing. 5. The type of container used for packaging the semen, freeze or cooling rates, thaw rates and level of cryoprotectant all interact in affecting cell survival. 6. Plastic freeze straws as a packaging device for semen offers the following advantages: easy to handle, require minimal storage space, offer a wide range of freeze and thaw rates, and insemination can be made directly from them upon thawing. 7. Controlled slow cooling rates of 1 to 8$^{\circ}C$/min have thus far provided the best results for cooling chicken semen throught the transition phase change (liquid to solid) or critical temperature range of ＋5 to -20 or -35$^{\circ}C$. 8. Highest fertilities have been achieved with frozen chicken semen where a slow thaw rate (2。 to 5$^{\circ}C$) has been used regardless of the freeze rate. 9. To maintain a constant high level of fertility throughout a breeding season with frozen semen, a higher absolute number of spermatozoa must be inseminated (2 to 3 times as many) as compared to fresh semen since a, pp.oximately 50% are destroyed during processing and freezing. 10. The quality of semen may vary with season and age of the male. Such changes in sperm quality could be accentuated by storage effects. Thus, the correct number of spermatozoa may very well vary during the course of a breeding period. 11. As to time of insemination, it is best to avoid inseminating chicken hens within 1-2 hr after or 3-5 hr before oviposition; and turkey hens during or 7-10 hr before oviposition. 12. The physiological receptiveness of the oviduct at the time of insemination is a very important biological factor influencing fertility levels throughout the breeding season.