• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2019

Laser-assisted bonding (LAB) is an advanced technology in which a homogenized laser beam is selectively applied to a chip. Previous researches have demonstrated the feasibility of using a single-tier LAB process for 3D through-silicon via (TSV) integration with nonconductive paste (NCP), where each TSV die is bonded one at a time. A collective LAB process, where several TSV dies can be stacked simultaneously, is developed to improve the productivity while maintaining the reliability of the solder joints. A single-tier LAB process for 3D TSV integration with NCP is introduced for two different values of laser power, namely 100 W and 150 W. For the 100 W case, a maximum of three dies can be collectively stacked, whereas for the 150 W case, a total of six tiers can be simultaneously bonded. For the 100 W case, the intermetallic compound microstructure is a typical Cu-Sn phase system, whereas for the 150 W case, it is asymmetrical owing to a thermogradient across the solder joint. The collective LAB process can be realized through proper design of the bonding parameters such as laser power, time, and number of stacked dies.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

천연가스액 회수공정 중 프로판, 부탄, 이소 부탄의 분별증류 과정의 에너지 효율을 향상시키는 방안으로 일반 분리벽형 증류탑 이중배열(DDWC), 일반 분리벽형 증류탑(DWC)과 탑저 분리벽형 증류탑(BDWC)의 순차배열 및 일반 분리벽형 증류탑에 탑정증기 재압축 히트펌프가 탑저 분리벽형 증류탑에 조합된 복합배열을 제안하고 그 성능을 분석하였다. 그 결과 이러한 배열들이 일반 증류배열과 비교하여 재비기와 응축기에서의 에너지 소모를 상당량 줄여주는 효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였으며 소요되는 증류탑의 수와 직경이 줄어들게 되어 투자비용이 대폭 절감될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 탑저 분리벽형 증류탑에 탑정증기 재압축 히트펌프를 조합하는 내부 및 외부 열통합 조합을 통하여 가장 많은 운전비용 절감을 달성할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.487-489
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 표준화 대상 정보로서 화학산업의 공정 플랜트 정보를 다룬다. 화학 공정 플랜트 정보는 기능, 형상, 연결 등 복잡한 형식을 가지고 있으며, 이는 공정의 설계, 건설, 운전 및 유지보수 단계에 있어서 유기적으로 활용되며, 상호 변경사항이 있을 경우에 정확하게 갱신되어야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 정보의 효율적 교환 및 공유를 위해서 데이터 표준은 정보 이용자의 협의하에 개발되어 활용되어야만 함은 주지의 사실이다. 화학 산업분야 특화된 ISO 15926 RDL(Systems and integration of life-cycle data for oil and gas production facilities : Reference Data Library)은 플랜트 기자재 정보 교환 및 공유를 위한 데이터 모델 및 방법론을 제공하는데, 기존의 표준을 이루었던 ISO 10303 AP221, AP231, AP227을 포괄하여 하나로 집중 개발될 전망이다. 이러한 개발의 주체는 노르웨이에 근거를 두고 있는 Posc Caesar Association이라는 협의체인데, 우리나라도 이 협의체의 정회원으로 등록되어, 의견을 제시하고, 개발 과정을 검토하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 관련 국내외 표준화 동향 및 전망을 살펴보고, 향후 관련 학계 및 산업계의 활동 방향에 대해 제시한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

본 총설에서는 천연가스 액화공정의 최적설계에서 에너지 효율을 높이기 위해 고려해야 하는 주요 공정설계 인자들에 대한 논의와 상용 LNG 플랜트에서 이러한 인자들이 어떻게 적용되고 있는지에 대하여 살펴보았다. 압축기에서 소모되는 축일의 양을 최소화하기 위한 방법으로서 단일 냉매를 사용하는 냉각 사이클을 다단, 혹은 중첩 구조로 설계하여 온도 범위가 넓은 영역에서 운용하는 방법과 혼합냉매를 사용하여 단순한 사이클 구조를 유지하면서 최적 냉각공급 곡선을 유지하는 방법을 다루었고, 천연가스 액화조건에 맞추어 이러한 구조들의 최적 조합을 구성하는 원리를 소개하였다. 열 통합(heat integration) 기법을 활용하여 상용화 공정들의 특징을 도식적으로 고찰하였으며 아울러 에너지 효율 및 경제성에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 액화 공정 설계에서 사용되는 대용량의 압축기들을 구동하는 에너지 시스템에 대한 설계 문제를 살펴보았으며 최적설계를 위한 여러 가지 요소들을 고찰하여 보았다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2002년도 창립10주년기념 및 국립독성연구원 의약품동등성평가부서 신설기념 국재학술대회:생물학적 동등성과 의약품 개발 전략을 위한 국제심포지움
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems have enabled a new generation ofassay technologies in chemical and biomedical sciences. Caliper's microfluidic LOC systems contain a network of microscopic channels through which fluids and chemical are moved in order to perform experiments. The main advantages of these continuous-flow devices are integration and automation of multiple steps in complex analytical procedures to improve the reproducibility of the results, and eliminated the manual labor, time and pipetting errors involved in analyses. The present talk is devoted to give a brief introduction of microfluidic basics and to present in applying continuous-flow microchips to drug screening with model enzyme assays.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 1993

A self-consistent-field Green's matrix method for the calculation of electronic properties of chemisorbed system is devised and applied to the methanol on copper(110) surface. The method is based on CNDO Hartree-Fock approximation. Contour integration in the complex energy plane is used for an efficient calculation of the charge-density bond-order matrix. The information on each fragment prior to chemisorption is efficiently used and a small number of iterations are needed to reach the self-consistency. The changes of density of states and other quantities of methanol due to chemisorption are consistent with reported experimental results.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Using a conventional two-compartment cell with stirrers the separation of an aqueous solution of HCl-$NiCl_2$ by an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was investigated. The dialysis process was characterized by the permeability coefficient of the membrane towards to $Cl^-$ ions. This quantity was determined by the numerical integration of equations, which describe the time dependence of the total concentration of $Cl^-$ ions in compartment initially filled with stripping agent (water), combined with an optimizing procedure. The analysis of the experimental results showed that this permeability coefficient is a satisfactory characteristic for the process studied. It can be graphically correlated with the initial acid and initial salt concentrations in the compartment initially filled with acid+salt mixture.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.959-962
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• 2000

In this study, the micro shaft was fabricated by high speed etching process. The integration of the kinetic energy of circumference and the effect of etching takes less time to fabricate the micro shaft than any other conventional methods. First, the end part of the rod(SKD11) was dipped in chemical solution(FeCl$_3$) and the rod rotated at high speed(3500-10000rpm). Experimental setup was simply composed of high speed motor. chemical solution and $\Phi$ 1 mm rod. The main factors of diameter control are chemical concentration, reaction time and rpm. has a result. the diameter of the dipped rod was decreased by 200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ by high speed rotation and its shape and surface was good. From this experiment, we found the possibility to manufacture micro shaft without very expensive equipment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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• pp.304-307
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• 2003

Replacement of aluminum by copper for interconnections in the semiconductor industry has raised a number of important issues. The integration of copper interconnection can be carried out by CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) is used to planarize the surface topography. In this experiments, we evaluated the optimization of several conditions for chemical additives during Cu CMP process. It was presented that the main cause of grown particle size is tartaric acid. The particle size was in inverse propotion to a quantity of bead and the time of milling process. The slurry stabilizer and oxidizer have been shown to have very good effect by addition in later milling process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2008

As a computational method for the discovery of the effective agonists for PPARd, we address the usefulness of molecular dynamics free energy (MDFE) simulation with explicit solvent in terms of the accuracy and the computing cost. For this purpose, we establish an efficient computational protocol of thermodynamic integration (TI) that is superior to free energy perturbation (FEP) method in parallel computing environment. Using this protocol, the relative binding affinities of GW501516 and its derivatives for PPARd are calculated. The accuracy of our protocol was evaluated in two steps. First, we devise a thermodynamic cycle to calculate the absolute and relative hydration free energies of test molecules. This allows a self-consistent check for the accuracy of the calculation protocol. Second, the calculated relative binding affinities of the selected ligands are compared with experimental IC50 values. The average deviation of the calculated binding free energies from the experimental results amounts at the most to 1 kcal/mol. The computational efficiency of current protocol is also assessed by comparing its execution times with those of the sequential version of the TI protocol. The results show that the calculation can be accelerated by 4 times when compared to the sequential run. Based on the calculations with the parallel computational protocol, a new potential agonist of GW501516 derivative is proposed.