• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2009

경쟁이 심화되고 시장이 포화되면서 관계마케팅에 대한 관심은 증대하고 있다. 그런데 많은 연구들이 모든 소비자가 관계지향적인 성향을 가지고 있는 것은 아니라는 점을 지적하고 있다. 그렇지만 어떠한 성향을 가진 소비자가 관계지향적인 성향을 가지고 있는가에 대한 본격적인 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 영업사원이 제공하는 관계적 혜택(확신 혜택 및 사회적 혜택)에 대한 중요성 지각을 매개 변수로 소비자의 어떠한 내재적 특성이 영업사원과의 관계구축 의도에 영향을 미치는가를 분석하고 있다. 본 연구의 가설에서 확신 혜택에 대한 중요성 지각에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 소비자의 내재적 특성으로 위험감수 성향, 다양성추구 성향, 제품지식, 타인 신뢰 성향 등의 변수를 제시하였으며, 사회적 혜택에 대한 중요성 지각에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 소비자의 내재적 특성으로 대인성향, 가격민감도, 타인 신뢰 성향 등의 변수를 제시하였다. 실제로 영업사원과의 거래를 통해 증권거래를 하고 있는 소비자 396명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식 모델을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 소비자의 내재적 특성과 영업사원과의 관계 구축 의도의 인과관계에 있어서 관계적 혜택에 대한 중요성 지각이 매개 변수로서의 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자의 내재적 특성 가운데 다양성 추구 성향은 확신 혜택에 대한 중요성 지각에 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 타인 신뢰 성향은 확신 혜택 및 사회적 혜택 모두의 중요성 지각에 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 가격 민감도는 가설에서 설정된 방향과는 다르게 사회적 혜택의 중요성 지각에 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2015

본 연구는 초등과학영재의 가설설정 능력과 가설설정에서 나타나는 특성을 탐색하고 메타인지와의 관계를 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 연구대상은 2013학년도 광역시 소재 대학교 부설 과학영재교육원 초등과학반 19명으로 선정하였으며, 가설설정 서술형 검사지, 메타인지 검사지, 과학수업방법 선호도 조사지를 활용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 가설설정 검사지의 서술형 응답자료는 가설의 내용이 과학지식에 기반하고 논리적으로 설정한 과학적 가설인지 또는 비과학적 가설인지로 분류하였으며, 비과학적 가설의 특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초등과학영재들이 제시한 가설에서 과학적 가설은 47%(38개 가운데 18개)로 나타나 낮은 수준이었다. 특히 비과학적 가설은 53%로 인과관계가 분명하게 드러나지 않거나, 검증 불가능한 가설을 제시하는 특성이 가장 빈번하게 나타났다. 또한 가설설정 능력 및 가설의 특성은 탐구문제와 변인을 추출하는 과정을 제시하는지 여부에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 탐구문제와 변인추출과정이 제시된 경우에 더 높은 가설설정 능력을 보여주었다. 메타인지는 선행연구의 연구대상인 과학영재보다 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, 계획, 점검, 조절 가운데 점검 전략을 가장 빈번하게 사용하였다. 탐구문제를 스스로 제시하고 변인을 스스로 추출해야 하는 비구조화된 상황에서는, 가설설정 능력과 메타인지의 하위요소 조절 사이에 유의미한(p<.05) 상관이 있었으며, 메타인지의 계획과 조절 사이에도 높은 상관을 보였다. 메타인지의 조절 수준이 높은 학생들과 낮은 학생들의 가설설정 능력과 선호하는 과학수업방법에서도 차이나 나타났으며, 메타인지의 조절 수준이 낮은 학생의 경우는 가설을 스스로 설정하고 변인을 스스로 추출하는데 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigated the demographic characteristics of retirees who sought not to be reemployed or join an organization but, instead, to be self-employed. This study verified self-employment by regional and/or educational features to determine the self-employment factors and the policies required. Research design, data, and methodology - Models and hypotheses were used to verify the conversion into self-employment depending on retirees' demographic characteristics. This study investigated regions according to precedent studies and used SPSS 18.0 as follows. First, frequency was used to investigate the general characteristics. Second, a factor correlation analysis was done. Results - Hypothesis 1, which stated that, "retirees with low educational background often start a self-employed business," was significant. Hypothesis 2, which stated that, "retirees in metropolitan areas frequently start a self-employed business," was significant. Hypothesis 3, which stated that, "retirees in a megalopolis frequently start a self-employed business," was significant. Conclusions - A preliminary startup education was needed to lessen the losses. Retirees should have preliminary knowledge of actual self-employment conditions to be given a startup education.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1974

Antenatal care is zoomed toward3 assisting the Individual to achieve safe and wholesome state of health during pregnancy. Nature of fear is assumed to be rooted to complex interaction between past experiences, human relationship and present state of health, however. specific relationship between fear and the variables have not yet been ascertained. This study is designed to investigate the nature of fear of pregnancy, and the correlation between fear and the personal and environmental variables such as personal characteristics past experiences. and psycho-social factors. During the period from October 23 to November 5, 215 pregnant and 104 non-pregnant women of similar chronological are group residing in Seoul were interviewed according to check-list by random General anxiety test, general personality test and test for fear of pregnancy, family according to specific variables such as past experiences of Pregnancy and childbirth, structure of family, family relationship and month of pregnancy was done to the group of pregnant women. To non-pregnant group, general anxiety test was performed to compare with pregnant group. Results of the study are as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1; Degree of general anxiety will be higher e pregnant women compared to that of non-pregnant women. There is no significant difference between the general anxiety of pregnant women and that of non-pregnant women. Therefore, hypothesis I is rejected. 2. Hypothesis 2: Fear of pregnancy and general anxiety will be correlated with personality factors. Through test for fear of pregnancy and general anxiety, a meager contra-correlation between fear and only two personal factors (R and E factor) is revealed but there is no significant correlation between fear and other personal factors (A.S. and T factor). Degree of fear of pregnancy tends to b: higher in the group with low personality factors; responsibility and emotional stability expect the correlation between ascendancy, sociability, and confidence-inferiority. non-significant. Through general anxiety test, level of general anxiety tends to be higher in the group. with low personality factors; responsibility. emotional stability, and confidence except ascendency and sociability, non-significant. Hypothesis 2 is partially supported. 3. Hypothesis 3; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the past experience-ol pregnancy, and child-birth experience. Though general anxiety test and test for fear of pregnancy, non-significant difference is revealed by P〉.05 level Hypothesis 3 is rejected. 4. Hypothesis 4: General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the month at pregnancy will be correlated with the month of pregnancy. Through tests of general anxiety and fear, significant correlation is revealed degree of fear by-P〈.05 level (CR=1.98) and level of general anxiety by P〈.005 level (CR=3. 11) is higher in the earlier stage of pregnancy. Hypothesis 4 is supported. 5. Hypothesis 5, 6, 7; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with socio-economic status, family structure, and family relationship. Through general anxiety test and tear of pregnancy test, non-significant is revealed by P〉.05 level. Hypothesis 3.6.7 are rejected. Conclusion and recommendation Level of general: anxiety and degree of fear of pregnancy is shown not to be correlated with variables of past experiencers of pregnancy and child-birth. and family factors except the month of - pregnancy. Personal characteristics are shown to be partially contra-correlated meagerly with genera anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study revealed contrasted results, in regard to presence of correlation between general anxiety and fear of pregnancy to other thesis. In this context. further studies under controlled environment is recommended.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.596-611
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• 2004

과학학습에서 인지갈등은 개념변화의 중요한 필요조건으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 인지갈등 유형 중 어떤 갈등 유형이 과학학습과정에서 건설적인 갈등유형인가를 제안한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 16명의 고등학생을 대상으로 작용 반작용의 법칙과 관련된 불일치 현상(선풍기-수레 문제)을 제시 한 후, 인지갈등의 불안요인 반응에 초점을 맞추어 인지갈등의 불안유형을 구분하고, 불안유형에 따라 학생이 제안하는 설명가설의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 인지갈등의 불안 요인 반응에 대한 높 낮이에 따라 각각 네 가지 유형의 불안 유형을 확인하였으며, 각 불안유형에 따른 설명가설의 특징과 과학수업에서 인지갈등 수업전략을 적용할 때 중요하게 고려해야할 불안유형의 특성을 논의하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2020

We study to confirm the relationship between leadership trust and job satisfaction on the leadership style of managers recognized by ICT organization members. To this end, the research hypothesis established by using SPSS23.0 for the survey results of 230 ICT organization members was analyzed as follows. First, the hypothesis 1 person leadership type (individual consideration: H1-1, intellectual stimulation: H1-2, charisma: H1-3, conditional compensation: H1-4, exceptional reward: H1-5) had a significant effect on leader trust. The results were obtained. Second, the hypothesis 2 manager's leadership type (individual consideration: H21-1, intellectual stimulation: H2-2, charisma: H2-3, conditional compensation: 2-4, expected compensation: H2-5) is based on job satisfaction. As a result of verifying the impact relationship, all showed significant effect on job satisfaction. Third, it acted as a positive factor in the job satisfaction of the leader of the hypothesis 3-member organizational member. It was confirmed that the job satisfaction of organizational members started based on the trust of actual leaders. Fourth, the role of leadership trust was partially confirmed between leadership type and job satisfaction. Through this study, in order to improve job satisfaction of ICT organizational members, the importance of exerting competency on the leadership type of managers and trusting the leaders on the characteristics consistent with ICT organizational characteristics was emphasized.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

This paper argues that there are circulative linkages between knowledge creation, sharing and utilization in innovative clusters. Based upon discussion about characteristics of circulative linkages between three types of knowledge activities, this paper presents three hypotheses: the more regions generate knowledge, the more active they share knowledge (hypothesis I); the more regions share knowledge, the more vigorous they utilize knowledge (hypothesis II) and the more regions generate knowledge, the more vigorous they utilize knowledge (hypothesis III). Empirical analysis into the Korean case turned out that hypotheses I and III were strongly supported, but hypothesis II weakly supported, probably due to inaccurate proxies for knowledge activities. This study may help guide provincial governments to choose policy goals to promote knowledge activities. It also leads to the conclusion that maintaining balance among three types of knowledge activities (creation, sharing and utilization) is a way of their policy making for the promotion of innovative clusters.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2023

This study examines the association between ownership structure and labor investment efficiency. Specifically, this study investigates whether owner-manager firms, where managers own a large percentage of shares in the firm, involve in more efficient labor investment. Based on the management entrenchment hypothesis, managers are more likely to make labor investment decisions to maximize their private benefits rather than creating value for shareholders, resulting in lower efficiency in labor investment. On the other hand, according to the incentive alignment hypothesis, managers tend to make labor investment decisions that will improve future firm performance as their interests are aligned with those of shareholders. In this situation, owner-manager firms are expected to have higher efficiency in labor investment. Our empirical results show that owner-manager firms engage in more efficient labor investment, which contributes to long-term firm value. This study provides empirical evidence that firms' labor investment behavior can vary depending on the characteristics of the ownership structure.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 상사의 특성(권위주의성향, 절차공정성, 직무불안정성)이 비인격적 감독과 리더-멤버 교환관계지각(LMX: leader-member exchange)을 매개로 부하의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 국내 대기업에 종사하는 과장급 이하를 중심으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상사의 특성(권위주의성향, 절차공정성, 직무불안정성)이 비인격적 감독을 매개로 부하의 조지몰입에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설1, 가설2, 가설3은 채택되었다. 둘째, 상사의 특성(권위주의성향, 절차공정성, 직무불안정성)이 LMX를 매개로 부하의 조직몰입에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설에서는 권위주의성향(가설4), 직무불안정성(가설6)은 기각되고 절차공정성(가설5)은 LMX를 매개로 부하의 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 상사의 특성(권위주의성향, 절차공정성, 직무불안정성)이 비인격적 감독과 LMX를 매개로 부하의 조직몰입에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설7, 가설8, 가설9는 모두 채택되었다. 본 연구는 상사의 특성이 부하의 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 있어 비인격적 감독과 LMX를 매개한다는 구조적인 관계를 밝혔다는 점에서 학문적인 의의를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 본 연구의 결과는 기존 국내 외에서 다양하게 시도되었던 비인격적 감독 이외에 향후 새로운 연구를 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

Purpose - This research identified the factors to be considered when CEOs establish small companies and improve their businesses by analyzing the effects of their entrepreneurship and marketing activities on the business performance of small companies and suggested measures to utilize them strategically. Research design, data, and methodology - The research conducted a survey for companies located in Busan, and Gyeongnam area in Korea. To verify the model and hypothesis mentioned above, relevant items were allocated to each variable. Results - the research found that the innovation of entrepreneurship negatively affects formalization and centralization along with the propensity for risk-taking which negatively affects all the characteristics of an organization's structure. It was also found that the pro-activeness which was rejected in the selection and verification of hypothesis is the CEOs characteristics which positively affect all of the organization type are contrary to the initial hypothesis. Conclusions - The results of these efforts will positively contribute toward developing a start-up strategy helpful for small companies CEOs, to change the business environment proactively, to operate their organization efficiently and to develop market-oriented marketing activities and objectives. This research found the role of market-oriented characteristics demanded by the CEO to overcome organizational structure, business innovation and bad business situations.