• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2000

To prove the effect of Yukmijihwngwon(YMJHW) and Taeyoungjeon(TYJ) extract on the Meridian of Human body and Active oxygen experimentally, ORS & Free Radical of extract and precipitate of YMJHW and TYJ was measured. The results were summarized as follows; 1. TYJ extract, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of pituitary gland, the 4th cervical vertebra and the 1 st lumbar vertebra. 2. TYJ precipitate, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of liver, uterus, and vertebra. 3. YMJHW extract, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of lung, adrenalin gland, bladder, prostate gland, ovaria, the 2nd cervical vertebra, the 3rd cervical vertebra, the 5th cervical vertebra, the 6th cervical vertebra, the 2nd lumbar vertebra, the 4th lumbar vertebra and the 5th lumbar vertebra. 4. YMJHW precipitate, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of spleen, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, bladder, ovaria, the 2nd cervical vertebra, the 6th cervical vertebra, the 7th cervical vertebra, the 2nd lumbar vertebra, the 5th lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and knee joint. 5. As a result of measuring Free Radical, the level of TYJ is higher than YMJHW. It is thiut that's because of Duchung and roasted Gamcho. 6. As an order of QRIS levels, YMJHW precipitate is the highest, YMJHW extract is next, TYJ extract and TYJ precipitate. These results suggested that TYJ and YMJHW be usefully applied for suppressing of abnormal Meridian and noxious oxygen, preventing and curing all the disease.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment in persons with tension-type headaches on pain, tenderness, and functional improvement. Design: Three-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Subjects with tension-type headaches were divided into the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), temporomandibular joint treatment group (n=11), and cervical vertebra treatment group (n=11), and pre- and post-evaluation was performed. The temporomandibular joint treatment group underwent compression massage and joint ply of the muscles around the temporomandibular joint. The cervical vertebra group received deep tendon massage and Myofascial Release of the cervical muscles. The temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra treatment group performed both types of treatment. Treatment was performed for 50 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. Measurement tools included the Korean version of the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ, K), Headache Impact test-6 (HIT-6), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Digital Algometer FPX25. Results: The groups showed significant differences in SF-MPQ, HIT-6 test, NDI, and Alogometer FPX25 test scores before and after intervention (p<0.05). The differences between the groups were most significant in the group that received treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the treatment of the temporomandibular joint and cervical vertebra was shown to be effective for improving pain, quality of life, and cervical vertebra in persons with tension-type headaches. This data may be helpful in identifying treatment techniques for tension-type headaches in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2014

Background: Knowledge of the anatomical variation of the vertebral artery has clinical importance not only for the performance of interventional or surgical procedures itself but also to ensure their safety. We conducted a study of the anatomical variation by reviewing multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) images of the cervical spine from 460 Korean patients. Methods: 16-row MDCT data from 460 patients were used in this study. We observed 920 vertebral arteries. Examination points included level of entrance of the artery into the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra, origin site of the vertebral artery, course of a vertebral artery with aberrant entrance. Result: The vertebral artery in 2 (0.2%) cases in this study entered into the transverse foramen of the 7th cervical vertebra from the left. In 45 (4.9%) cases, the vertebral artery entered into the transverse foramen of the 5th cervical vertebra. Of these, the entrance was on the right in 15 (1.6%) and on the left in 30 (3.3%). We found 17 (1.8%) cases in which the artery entered into the transverse foramen of the 4th cervical vertebra, 10 (1.1%) on the right and 7 (0.7%) on the left side. As is commonly acknowledged, the 6th cervical vertebra was the most common site of entry; the vertebral artery entered the transverse foramen of the 6th cervical vertebra in the remaining 855 (93.0%) cases, on the right in 434 (47.2%) and on the left in 421 (45.8%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the possibility of an atypical course of the vertebral artery in segments V1 and V2 should be evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT images before carrying out procedures involving the anterior cervical vertebrae.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2024

The 7th cervical vertebra (C7) is described as having the most prominent spinous process (SP) and is characterized as the "vertebra prominens" (VP) of the cervical spine in anatomy textbooks. The VP is an important anatomical landmark of the neck for clinical examination and therapeutic intervention. The present study identifies the level of the most prominent SP of the cervical and uppermost thoracic vertebrae in a cadaveric cohort. Thirty-nine (23 female and 16 male) cadavers of a mean age of 77.5 years were investigated in a prone position and a certain cervical kyphotic bending. The most prominent SP, at the base of the neck, was palpated and marked with a wedging nail into the SP of the vertebra. The cervical region was dissected, and a blind investigator examined whether the nail was placed into the SP of C7 or the SP of another upper or lower vertebra. In 19 out of 39 cadavers (48.7%), the C7 was identified as the VP (typical anatomy), followed by the C6 (in 14 cadavers, 35.9%), C5 (in 4 cadavers, 10.3%). In 2 cadavers (5.1%) the first thoracic vertebra was identified as having the most prominent SP. Although C7 is described as the VP, in the present study the SP of C7 was the most prominent in less than 50%. The high variable projection level of the most prominent SP of the cervical vertebra holds great clinical significance for spine examination, neck surgery, and spinal anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2013

We report a case of 29-year-old man diagnosed as a primary eosinophilic granuloma (EG) lesion of the seventh cervical vertebra. He had paresthesia on both arms, and grasping weakness for 10 days. Cervical magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an enhancing mass with ventral epidural bulging and cord compression on the seventh cervical vertebra. Additionally, we performed spine series MRI, bone scan and positive emission tomography for confirmation of other bone lesions. These studies showed no other pathological lesions. He underwent anterior cervical corpectomy of the seventh cervical vertebra and plate fixation with iliac bone graft. After surgical management, neurological symptoms were much improved. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of EG. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence at 12 months postoperative cervical MRI follow-up. We reported symptomatic primary EG of cervical spine successfully treated with surgical resection.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the kinematical characteristics of the pendular and the translational movements of each cervical vertebra at flexion and extension for understanding the mechanism of injury to the cervical spine. Methods: Twenty volunteers, young men (24~37 years), with clinically and radiographically normal cervical spines were studied. We induced two directional passive movements and then took X-ray pictures. The range of pendular movement could be measured by measuring the variation of the distance between the center point of two contiguous cervical vertebrae, and the range of translational movement could be measured by measuring the variation of the shortest distance between the center point of a vertebra and an imaginary line connecting the center points of two lower contiguous cervical vertebrae. The measurements were done by using a picture archiving and communicating system (PACS). Results: The total length of all cervical vertebrae in the neutral position was, on average, 133.66 mm, but in both flexion and extension, the lengths were widened to 134.83 mm and 134.79 mm, respectively. The directions of both the pendular and the translational movements changed at the $2^{nd}$ cervical vertebra, and the ranges of both movements were significantly larger from the $5^{th}$ cervical vertebra to the $7^{th}$ cervical vertebra for flexion and combined flexion and extension motion (p<0.05). Conclusion: The kinematical characteristics for flexion and extension motions were variable at each level of cervical vertebrae. The $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ cervical vertebrae and from the $5^{th}$ to the $7^{th}$ cervical vertebrae were the main areas of cervical spinal injury. This shows, according to "Hook's law," that the tissues supporting this area could be weak, and that this area is sensitive to injury.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2016

Background Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a benign condition. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, it can be cured completely, leaving no residual deformity. However, long-standing, untreated CMT can lead to permanent craniofacial deformities and asymmetry.Methods Nineteen patients presented to the author with congenital muscular torticollis. Three dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) scans was obtained upon patient’s admission. Adjustment of skull’s position to Frankfort horizontal plan was done. Cervical vertebral segmentation was done which allowed a 3D module to be separately created for each vertebra to detect any anatomical or positional changes.Results The segmented vertebrae showed an apparent anatomical changes, which were most noticeable at the level of the atlas and axis vertebrae. These changes decreased gradually till reaching the seventh cervical vertebra, which appeared to be normal in all patients. The changes in the atlas vertebra were mostly due to its intimate relation with the skull base, while the changes of the axis were the most significantConclusion Cervical vertebral segmentation is a reliable tool for isolation and studying cervical vertebral pathological changes of each vertebra separately. The accuracy of the procedures in addition to the availability of many software that can be used for segmentation will allow many surgeons to use segmentation of the vertebrae for diagnosis and even for preoperative simulation planning.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권3호통권71호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2007

Objectives : We investigated the possibility of cervical spine misalignment caused by scalenus anticus syndrome to find out how it affects cervical spine misalignments. Methods : 28 patients with scalenus anticus syndrome (sample group), along with 21 participants without neck pain (control group), who attended the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-guk University from the 20th of June to the 30th of November, 2006 were investigated. After researching misalignments through neutrality, flexion and extension lateral x-ray examination views, we measured the difference of each length of cervical spine misalignment. We analyzed the relationships among the neutrality lateral, flexion lateral and extension lateral positions. Results : We found with statistical significance that there were differences in length of cervical spine misalignments between the sample and control groups. Furthermore, we found that C3 and C4 vertebra bodies were shown in lateral neutrality position, only C3 vertebra body in flexion lateral position, and C2, C3, and C4 vertebra bodies in extension lateral position. Conclusions : It is considered that scalenus anticus syndrome could increase cervical spine misalignment which could be a factor in causing cervical spine disease.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.852-858
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental clinical data for the treatment plan and rehabilitation of patients with cervical hypolordosis by comparing the cervical headache and muscle activity after cervical stretching exercise and cervical traction, which are generally applied to patients with cervical hypolordosis. The research subjects included 20 patients without gender division who were diagnosed with cervical hypolordosis. After applying cervical stretching exercise and cervical traction for six weeks, cervical headache and the activity of the muscles around the cervical vertebra(upper trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, splenius capitis muscle, and anterior temporal muscle) were investigated and the following results were obtained. In a comparison of the within group intervention effects of the two groups, cervical pain statistically significantly decreased in the cervical stretching exercise group. According to the results of analyzing the change of muscle tension in the upper trapezius muscle, both the cervical traction group and showed a statistically significant within group difference in the left and right side. According to the results of analyzing the change in the muscle tension of the splenius capitis muscle, both groups showed a statistically significant within group difference in the left and right side. In a between-group comparison, a statistically significant difference in the right side was observed. These results confirm that cervical vertebra traction and cervical stretching exercise decrease the cervical headache and muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle and the splenius capitis muscle among patients with cervical hypolordosis.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2015

통상적으로 사용되는 목뼈 정면 입사각은 자세에 상관없이 머리 쪽으로 $15^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}$의 입사각으로 촬영이 이루어지고 있으며 자세의 구분 없이 일률적으로 입사각을 사용하고 있으므로 자세에 따라 달라지는 목뼈의 추간판각을 측정하여 적정한 목뼈 정면 입사각을 제시하고자 하였다. 2013년 1월 1일부터 2013년 12월 31일까지 부산의 P대학병원을 내원한 목뼈 단순촬영 및 자기공명영상을 시행한 107명의 검사자 중 목뼈 전만각(정상 $40^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}$)이 정상적인 20세 이상 80세 이하(평균연령 54세) 39명(남자 24명, 여자 15명)을 대상으로 선 자세는 목뼈 단순촬영 측면영상의 추간판각을 측정하였으며 누운 자세는 자기공명영상의 가운데 시상면영상의 추간판각을 측정하였고 성별로 분석한 결과를 보면 선 자세의 전체 목뼈 정면입사각은 남자는 $25.9^{\circ}$, 여자는 $23.1^{\circ}$로 나타났고 통계적으로 유의하였으며(p<0.05), 성별로 분석한 누운 자세의 전체 목뼈 정면입사각은 남자는 $11.6^{\circ}$, 여자가 $12.6^{\circ}$로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고,(p>0.05) 연령별로 분석한 결과는 선자세의 전체 목뼈 정면입사각은 50세 미만이 $24.6^{\circ}$, 50세 이상에서 $25.0^{\circ}$로 나타났으며 누운 자세의 목뼈 정면 입사각은 50세 미만이 $12.0^{\circ}$, 50세 이상에서 $11.9^{\circ}$로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고,(p>0.05) 선 자세와 누운 자세의 전체 목뼈 정면입사각의 결과는 선 자세에서는 $24.8^{\circ}$로 나타났으며 누운 자세에서는 $12.0^{\circ}$로 나타났고 통계적으로 유의하였다.(p<0.05) 연구의 결과를 볼 때 선 자세 및 누운 자세의 목뼈 정면 입사각은 종전의 머리 쪽으로 $15^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}$가 아닌 각각 선 자세는 $24.8^{\circ}$, 누운 자세는 $12.0^{\circ}$가 추천되며 이로써 각각의 목뼈 추간판각에 따른 정확한 정면 목뼈와 추간원판의 구조 및 수술 후 각각의 목뼈 유합 수술환자 기구파악 및 정확한 위치를 나타내고 평가할 수 있다고 사료된다.