• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.413-421
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• 2005

Copper is able to work as a current collector under wide range of hydrocarbon fuels without coking in Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The application of copper in SOFC is limited due to its low melting point, which result in coarsening the copper particle. This work focuses on the sintering of copper powder with ceria coating layer. Ceria-coated powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of urea in $Ce(NO_3)_3\cdot6H_2O$ solution, which containing CuO core particles. The ceria-coated powder was characterized by XRD, ICP, and SEM. The thermal stability of the ceria-coated copper in fuel atmosphere $(H_2)$ was observed by SEM. It was found that the ceria coating layer could effectively hinder the grain growth of the copper particles.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2011

The potential application of ultrafine cerium oxide (ceria, $CeO_2$) as an oxygen gas sensor has been investigated. Ceria was synthesized by a thermochemical process: first, a precursor powder was prepared by spray drying cerium-nitrate solution. Heat treatment in air was then performed to evaporate the volatile components in the precursor, thereby forming nanostructured $CeO_2$ having a size of approximately 20 nm and specific surface area of 100 $m^2/g$. After sintering with loosely compacted samples, hydrogen-reduction heat treatment was performed at 773K to increase the degree of non-stoichiometry, x, in $CeO_{2-x}$. In this manner, the electrical conductivity and oxygen-response ability could be enhanced by increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. After the hydrogen reduction at 773K, $CeO_{1.5}$ was obtained with nearly the same initial crystalline size and surface. The response time $t_{90}$ measured at room temperature was extremely short at 4 s as compared to 14 s for normally sintered $CeO_2$. We believe that this hydrogen-reduced ceria can perform capably as a high-performance oxygen sensor with good response abilities even at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.309-312
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• 2017

The ceria powder is excellent in oxygen storage capacity (OSC) through the oxidation and reduction reaction of Ce ions and is used as a typical material for a three-way catalyst of an automobile which purifies the exhaust gas. However, since ceria generally has poor thermal stability at high temperatures, it is doped with metal ions to improve thermal stability. Therefore, in this study, Zr ions were doped into ceria powder, and their characteristics were further improved due to the increase of specific surface area with decreasing particle size due to doping. In this study, the synthesis of zirconium doped ceria nanopowder was synthesized by hydrothermal process. In order to synthesis Zr ion doped ceria nanopowder, the precursor reaction at was $200^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. The average particle size of synthesized Zr doped $CeO_2$ nanopowder was below 20 nm. The specific surface area of synthesized Zr ion doped ceria nanopowder increased from $52.03m^2/g$ to $132.27m^2/g$ with Zr increased 30 %.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.35-37
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• 2005

100, 200nm 크기의 colloidal silica 각각에 나노 ceria 입자를 수열합성법으로 코팅하였다. Colloidal silica 입자에 ceria를 코팅 시 slurry의 pH조절과 수열처리에 이용하여 silica에 ceria가 코팅됨을 TEM과 zeta-potential을 이용하여 확인하였다. 연마 슬러리의 분산 안정성과 연마효율을 높이기 위하여 슬러리의 pH 는 9로 하였으며, 이때의 zeta-potential 값은 -25 mV이었다. 1 wt%로 제조된 연마슬러리를 이용하여, 4 inch $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ wafer를 압력변화에 따른 연마특성을 관찰 하였다. Ceria coated colloidal silica 100 nm, 200 nm와 commercial한 $CeO_2$입자를 연마압력 6 psi로 oxide film을 연마한 결과 연마율이 각각 2490 ${\AA}/min$, 4200 ${\AA}/min$, 4300 ${\AA}/min$으로 측정되었다. 또한 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ film의 6 psi압력에서 ceria coated colloidal silica 100 nm, 200 nm와 commercial 한 $CeO_2$입자의 선택비는 3, 3.8, 6.7 이었다. 입자크기가 클수록 연마율이 높으며, Preston equation을 따라 연마 압력과 연마율이 비례하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2000

Microstructural evolutions in ceria-stabilized zirconia (Ce-TZP) and alumina-dispersed Ce-TZP ceramics were investigated as functions of doping and annealing conditions. All of sintered specimens showed the relative density over 99 %. Sintered specimens had linear grain boundaries and normal grain shapes, but ceria-doped specimens had irregular grain shapes and nonlinear grain boundaries due to the diffusion-induced grain boundary migration during annealing at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Mean grain boundary length of Ce-TZP with irregular grain shapes was higher than that of normal grain shapes, and was a value of 23pm at the maximum. Alumina particles dispersed in Ce-TZP inhibited the grain growth of zirconia particles. $Al_2O_3$Ce-TZP doped with ceria and annealed at $1650^{\circ}C$ for 2 h showed irregular grain shapes as well as small grain size. Added alumina particles showed the grain growth during sintering or annealing, and they changed the position from grain boundary to inside of the grains during the annealing. The specimens with normal grain shapes showed an intergranular fracture mode, whereas the specimens with irregular grain shapes showed a transgranular fracture mode during the crack propagation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.766-771
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• 2008

We fabricated single cells with a cathode consisting of a $LaNi_{0.6}Fe_{0.4}O_3-Ce_{0.8}Sm_{0.2}O_{1.9}$ composite (LNF-S20DC composite) active layer and an LNF current collecting layer on a ${0.89ZrO_2}-{0.10Sc_2}{O_3}-0.01{Al_2}{O_3}$ electrolyte sheet. The cathode layers were prepared by the screen-printing method. The cathode properties of these cells were measured by the AC impedance method at $800^{\circ}C$. The cathodes with the ceria-LNF composite active layer exhibited high power performance prior to current loading. We investigated the influence of the mixture ratio of LNF and S20DC on the cathodes properties. The Sm in the ceria particles of the composite cathode was substituted with other rare-earth elements. Cathodes with Pr and Gd co-doped ceria in the active layer provided the better performance than those with Sm- or Gd-doped ceria.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1999

Capsule free hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) of 12 mol% $CeO_2-88 mo% ZrO_2 (12CeO_2-88ZrO_2)$ powder was conducted at 1100~$1200^{\circ}C$ using the powder crystallized in supercritical methanol followed by supercritical drying. Porous $12CeO_2-88ZrO_2$ ceramics with ~35% open porosity, micropore diameter of ~23 nm and a narrow pore size distribution were fabricated by capsule free hot isostatic pressing at $1100^{\circ}C$. The porosity increased with decrease in HIPing temperature and was accompanied by a steady decrease in fracture strength.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 1998

By using a gas-tight electrochemical cell, we can perform high-temperature coulometric titration and measure electronic transport properties to determine the elecronic defect structure of metal oxides. This technique reduces the time and expense required for conventional thermogravimetric measurements. The components of the gas-tight coulometric titration cell are an oxygen sensor, Pt/yttria stabilitized zirconia(YSZ)/Pt, and an encapsulated metal oxide sample. Based on cell design, both transport and thermodynamic measurements can be performed over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure ($pO_2=10^{-35}$ to 1 atm). This paper describes the high-temperature gas-tight electrochemical cells used to determine electronic defect structures and transport properties for pure and doped-oxide systems, such as YSZ, doped and pure ceria $(Ca-CeO_2 \;and\; CeO_2)$, copper oxides and copper-oxide-based ceramic superconductors, transition metal oxides, $SrFeCo_{0.5}O_x,\; and \;BaTiO_2$.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2008

Ceria ($CeO_2$) becomes one of important functional nanomaterials and a key abrasive material for chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of advanced integrated circuits in silicon semi-conductor technology. Two synthetic crystalline ceria (RT735, RT835) are studied by the Rietveld structural refinement to determine crystallite size and microstrain. Rietveld indices of RT735 and RT835 indicate good fitting with $R_p(%)=8.50$, 8.34; $R_{wp}(%)=13.4$, 13.5; $R_{exp}(%)=11.3$, 11.5; $R_B(%)=2.21$, 2.36; S(GofF: Goodness of fit)=1.2, 1.2, respectively. $CeO_2$ with space group Fm3m show a=5.41074(2), 5.41130(6) ${\AA}$, V=158.406(1), 158.455(3)${\AA}^3$ in dimension. Detailed Rietveld refinement reveals that crystallite size and microstrain are 37.42(1) nm, 0.0026 (RT735) and 72.80(2) nm, 0.0013 (RT835), respectively. It also shows that crystallite size and microstrain of ceria are inversely proportional to each other.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

[ $Pt/CeO_2$ ] 촉매에 Zr을 첨가하여 우수한 저온 수성가스전화반응의 활성을 가진 촉매를 만들었다. $Pt/ZrO_2-CeO_2$ 촉매는 $Pt/ZrO_2$나 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매에 비해 Ce와 Zr의 상호작용에 의한 시너지 효과로 인해 CO chemisorption으로 측정한 Pt area가 증가하고 담체에 Pt가 잘 분산되었다. 또한, Zr이 첨가된 $Pt/CeO_2$는 Ce의 redox 능력을 향상시켜 support의 reducibility를 향상시켰다. 담체에 고르게 잘 분산되고 support의 산소저장능력과 reducibility가 향상된 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/ZrO_2-CeO_2$ 촉매들은 반응물에 수소와 이산화탄소의 첨가 유무와 상관없이 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/ZrO_2$나 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매보다 우수한 활성을 보였다.